Clearance of Amyloid-Beta in Alzheimer’s Disease: Shifting the Action Site from Center to Periphery
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is suggested to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunotherapies are among the most promising Aβ-targeting therapeutic strategies for AD. But, to date, all clinical trials of this modality have not been successful including Aβ vaccination (AN1792), anti-Aβ antibodies (bapineuzumab, solanezumab and ponezumab), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We propose that one reason for the failures of these clinical trials may be the adverse effects of targeting the central clearance of amyloid plaques. The potential adverse effects include enhanced neurotoxicity related to Aβ oligomerization from plaques, neuroinflammation related to opsonized Aβ phagocytosis, autoimmunity related to cross-binding of antibodies to amyloid precursor protein (APP) on the neuron membrane, and antibody-mediated vascular and neuroskeletal damage. Overall, the majority of the adverse effects seen in clinical trials were associated with the entry of antibodies into the brain. Finally, we propose that peripheral Aβ clearance would be effective and safe for future Aβ-targeting therapies.
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Knockout of the NLRP3 gene prevented the stressor treatment from increasing protein levels of mature IL-1β in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
“KO of the NLRP3 gene prevented the stressor treatment from increasing protein levels of mature IL-1β in the PFC and hippocampus.”
From Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Alcocer-Gomez et al, 2015
Exposure of wild-type mice to 2-h immobilization stress every day for 30 consecutive days induced a decrease in sucrose preference and social interaction, and an increase in immobility in the forced swim test.
“They found that exposure of wild-type mice to immobilization induced a decrease in sucrose preference and social interaction, and an increase in immobility in the forced swim test.”
From Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Alcocer-Gomez et al, 2015
Studies by Alcocer-Gomez et al (2015) and Iwata et al (2015) provide strong evidence for a causal role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in the effects of stress on depressive-like behavior.
“Clearly, the studies by Alcocer-Gomez et al (2015) and Iwata et al (2015) provide strong evidence for a casual role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in the effects of stress on depressivelike behavior.”
From Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Alcocer-Gomez et al, 2015
The stress-induced depressive phenotype was completely abrogated in NLRP3 knockout mice.
“This stress-induced depressive phenotype was completely abrogated in NLRP3 KO mice.”
From Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Alcocer-Gomez et al, 2015
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- Authors
- Liu, Y.-H., Wang, Y.-R., Xiang, Y., Zhou, H.-D., Giunta, B., Mañucat-Tan, N. B., Tan, J., Zhou, X.-F., & Wang, Y.-J.
- Affiliations
- Army Medical University (CN)
- University of South Florida (US)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Yan-Jiang
- Venue
- Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2014-04-15
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1182
- OpenAlex
- W2076890848
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta immunotherapy, amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, amyloid precursor protein, intravenous immunoglobulin, clinical trial failure
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Immunotherapy, Models, Biological, Amyloid beta-Peptides
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