Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis: A Series of 15 Cases
Open accessAbstract
Tuberculosis usually involves the lungs, but can also involve various other organs. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is very rarely confined to the larynx in the absence of an associated pulmonary lesion. In this retrospective study, clinicopathological characteristics of patients with final diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) were reviewed. The diagnosis of LTB was based on: (1) the existence of chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis in the histopathology of laryngeal lesions or (2) the presence of laryngeal lesions with atypical histopathology (chronic granulomatous inflammation) which had a complete response to anti-tuberculosis therapy. Fifteen cases with a diagnosis of LTB were collected. The patients' age ranged between 24 and 75 years with a mean of 49 years. On laryngoscopy, 66.6% of cases (10/15) had an ulceroproliferative lesion while the remaining 33.3% of cases (5/15) had an exophytic growth. The pathology of laryngeal lesions revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis in nine cases and chronic granulomatous inflammation without necrosis in six cases. Nine out of 15 cases (60%) showed presence of acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Any evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was ruled out by chest X-ray findings. The response to anti-tuberculosis therapy was desirable in all patients. Since the introduction of anti-tuberculous therapy, the incidence of LTB has declined. However, with the incidence of TB increasing, the overall incidence of laryngeal involvement may be on the rise. This study highlights the importance to consider the rare possibility of LTB in the presence of non-specific clinical and laryngoscopic signs and to confirm this by histological examination.
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Various studies found dysphonia as the most common symptom, followed by dyspnea and odynophagia.
“Various studies found dysphonia as the most common symptom, followed by dyspnea and odynophagia [37,48].”
From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The Discussion says that in most studies hoarseness is the most common laryngeal symptom, but gives the subsequent order as odynophagia followed by dyspnea—the reverse of the claim. The Results also report hoarseness and odynophagia as equally common in this paper’s 15 cases. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTB is the main cause of granulomatous inflammatory disease of the larynx, followed by syphilis, amyloidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, actinomycosis, and sarcoidosis.
“TB is the main cause of granulomatous inflammatory disease of the larynx, followed by syphilis, amyloidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, actinomycosis, and sarcoidosis [37,38].”
From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The Discussion says tuberculosis is the primary diagnosis for laryngeal granulomatous lesions in India, where TB is endemic, and names the other conditions as differential diagnoses. It does not establish that TB is the main cause worldwide or rank the listed conditions in the stated order. Sarcoidosis is discussed separately, not included in that ranked list. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
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Laryngeal tubercolosis: A case report with focus on voice assessment and review of the literature
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“TB is the main cause of granulomatous inflammatory disease of the larynx, followed by syphilis, amyloidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, actinomycosis, and sarcoidosis [37,38].”
Laryngeal Tuberculosis: Current Patterns of Presentation and Management
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- Authors
- Agarwal, R., Gupta, L., Singh, M., Yashaswini, N., Saxena, A., Khurana, N., & Chaudhary, D.
- Affiliations
- Maulana Azad Medical College (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Agarwal, Radhika
- Venue
- Head and Neck Pathology
- Published
- 2018-09-24
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 339-343
- ISSN
- 1936-055X (ISSN-L)
- 1936-0568
- PMC
- PMC6684667
- OpenAlex
- W2894240501
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Head and Neck Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- laryngeal tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, granulomatous inflammation, caseous necrosis, acid-fast bacilli, histopathology, exophytic growth
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tuberculosis, Laryngeal
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