Vitamin C transporter gene (SLC23A1 and SLC23A2) polymorphisms, plasma vitamin C levels, and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC cohort
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin C is known to protect mucosal tissues from oxidative stress and inhibit nitrosamine formation in the stomach. High consumption of fruits, particularly citrus, and higher circulating vitamin C concentrations may be inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk. We investigated 20 polymorphisms in vitamin C transporter genes SCL23A1 and SCL23A2 and GC risk in 365 cases and 1,284 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We also evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and baseline plasma vitamin C levels in a subset of participants. Four SNPs were predictors of plasma vitamin C levels (SLC23A1 rs11950646 and rs33972313; SLC23A2 rs6053005 and rs6133175) in multivariable linear regression models. One SNP (SLC23A2 rs6116569) was associated with GC risk, in particular non-cardia GC (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.39, based on 178 non-cardia cases), but this association was attenuated when plasma vitamin C was included in the logistic regression model. Haplotype analysis of SLC23A1 yielded no associations with GC. In SLC23A2, one haplotype was associated with both overall and non-cardia GC, another haplotype was associated with GC overall, and a third was associated with intestinal-type GC. Common variants in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 may influence plasma vitamin C concentration independent of dietary intake, and variation in SLC23A2 may influence GC risk. Additional prospective studies in large populations and consortia are recommended. Investigation of variation in vitamin C transporter genes may shed light on the preventative properties of vitamin C in gastric carcinogenesis.
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The effect of individual SNPs on the vitamin C system level has an additive character, depending on genotype and allele dosage.
“An effect of individual SNPs on the vitamin C system level has an additive character, which depends on genotype and an allele dosage (additive) effect that was also described.”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
The Results report genotype-dependent plasma vitamin C concentrations and a log-additive, per-allele association for rs11950646. The other significant SNP associations were modeled as codominant or recessive, so the paper does not establish an additive effect for individual SNPs generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Self-citationSim, M., Hwang, G., Shin, D.-M., & Jeong, Y. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106669
- Authors
- Duell, E. J., Lujan-Barroso, L., Llivina, C., Muñoz, X., Jenab, M., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Racine, A., Boeing, H., Buijsse, B., Canzian, F., Johnson, T., Dalgård, C., Overvad, K., Tjønneland, A., Olsen, A., Sánchez, S. C., Sánchez-Cantalejo, E., Huerta, J.-M., Ardanaz, E., Dorronsoro, M., Khaw, K.-T., Travis, R. C., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Rafnsson, S., Palli, D., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Grioni, S., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Ros, M. M., Numans, M. E., Peeters, P. H., Johansen, D., Lindkvist, B., Johansson, M., Johansson, I., Skeie, G., Weiderpass, E., Duarte-Salles, T., Stenling, R., Riboli, E., Sala, N., & González, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES)
- Basque Government (ES)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Hellenic Health Foundation (GR)
- Harvard University (US)
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (IT)
- Italian institute for Genomic Medicine (IT)
- Azienda Usl 8 Arezzo (IT)
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Skåne University Hospital (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- Folkhälsans Forskningscentrum (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Duell, Eric J.
- ORCID
- Duell, Eric J.
- Muñoz, Xavier
- Jenab, Mazda
- Racine, Antoine
- Boeing, Heiner
- Buijsse, Brian
- Canzian, Federico
- Johnson, Theron
- Dalgård, Christine
- Overvad, Kim
- Tjønneland, Anne
- Olsen, Anja
- Sánchez, Soledad C.
- Huerta, José-María
- Khaw, Kay-Tee
- Travis, Ruth C.
- Trichopoulou, Antonia
- Rafnsson, Snorri
- Palli, Domenico
- Sacerdote, Carlotta
- Tumino, Rosario
- Panico, Salvatore
- Grioni, Sara
- Numans, Mattijs E.
- Peeters, Petra H.
- Lindkvist, Björn
- Johansson, Mattias
- Johansson, Ingegerd
- Skeie, Guri
- Weiderpass, Elisabete
- Sala, Núria
- Venue
- Genes & Nutrition
- Published
- 2013-06-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 549-560
- ISSN
- 1555-8932 (ISSN-L)
- 1865-3499
- PMC
- PMC3824828
- OpenAlex
- W2113504210
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Genes & Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer
- Cancer Research UK (14136)
- European Commission
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Cancerfonden
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Institut Gustave-Roussy
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- World Cancer Research Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Keywords
- vitamin C, SLC23A1, SLC23A2, single nucleotide polymorphisms, gastric cancer risk, non-cardia gastric cancer, intestinal-type gastric cancer, plasma vitamin C levels, haplotype analysis, genetic susceptibility, EPIC cohort
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