CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 87Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityYeasts and Rust Fungi StudiesBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing

Candida auris: diagnostic challenges and emerging opportunities for the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Open access
Keighley, C., Garnham, K., Harch, S. A. J., Robertson, M., Chaw, K., Teng, J. C., Chen, S. C.-A.·2021·Current Fungal Infection Reports
DOI 10.1007/s12281-021-00420-yPMC PMC8220427
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Purpose of review This review summarises the epidemiology of Candida auris infection and describes contemporary and emerging diagnostic methods for detection and identification of C. auris. Recent findings A fifth C. auris clade has been described. Diagnostic accuracy has improved with development of selective/differential media for C. auris. Advances in spectral databases of matrix-associated laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems have reduced misidentification. Direct detection of C. auris in clinical specimens using real time PCR is increasingly used, as is whole genome sequencing (WGS) to track nosocomial spread and to study phylogenetic relationships and drug resistance. Summary C. auris is an important transmissible, nosocomial pathogen. The microbiological laboratory diagnostic capacity has extended beyond culture-based methods to include PCR and WGS. Microbiological techniques on the horizon include the use of MALDI-TOF MS for early echinocandin antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) and expansion of the versatile and information-rich WGS methods for outbreak investigation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12281-021-00420-y

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Clinical laboratories might not routinely distinguish C. auris from other Candida species for nonsterile specimen types, so StC events could have been missed.

    “StC events could have been missed because of missed screening opportunities, the insensitivity of culture (9), treating clinical laboratories that might not routinely distinguish C. auris from other Candida species for nonsterile specimen types (10), and the fact that US C. auris data from 2024 are not finalized, meaning some patients might not have had sufficient lead time for clinical cases to”

    From Progression from <i>Candida auris</i> Colonization Screening to Clinical Case Status, United States, 2016–2023 (2025) · cites this paper as [10]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 57

  1. [1]Satoh K Makimura K Hasumi Y Nishiyama Y Uchida K Yamaguchi H Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital Microbiol Immunol. 2009 53 1 41 44 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x 19161556 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [2]Biswas C Wang Q van Hal SJ Eyre DW Hudson B Halliday CL Genetic heterogeneity of Australian Candida auris isolates: insights from a non-outbreak setting using whole-genome sequencing Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 7 5 ofaa158 10.1093/ofid/ofaa158 32500091 PMC7255648 · DOI
  3. [3]Jeffery-Smith A, Taori SK, Schelenz S, Jeffery K, Johnson EM, Borman A, et al. Candida auris: a review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(1). 10.1128/CMR.00029-17. PMC5740969 29142078 · DOI
  4. [4]Lockhart SR Etienne KA Vallabhaneni S Farooqi J Chowdhary A Govender NP Colombo AL Calvo B Cuomo CA Desjardins CA Berkow EL Castanheira M Magobo RE Jabeen K Asghar RJ Meis JF Jackson B Chiller T Litvintseva AP Simultaneous emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris on 3 continents confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological analyses Clin Infect Dis. 2017 64 2 134 140 10.1093/cid/ciw691 27988485 PMC5215215 · DOI · Paper page
  5. [5]Chow NA de Groot T Badali H Abastabar M Chiller TM Meis JF Potential fifth clade of Candida auris, Iran, 2018 Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 25 9 1780 1781 10.3201/eid2509.190686 31310230 PMC6711235 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [6]• Kean R, Brown J, Gulmez D, Ware A, Ramage G. Candida auris: a decade of understanding of an enigmatic pathogenic yeast. J Fungi. 2020;6(1). 10.3390/jof6010030Excellent review including epidemiology. PMC7150997 32110970 · DOI
  7. [7]Forsberg K Woodworth K Walters M Berkow EL Jackson B Chiller T Vallabhaneni S Candida auris: the recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Medical mycology. 2019 57 1 1 12 10.1093/mmy/myy054 30085270 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [8]Ong CW Chen SC Clark JE Halliday CL Kidd SE Marriott DJ Diagnosis, management and prevention of Candida auris in hospitals: position statement of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Intern Med J. 2019 49 10 1229 1243 10.1111/imj.14612 31424595 · DOI
  9. [9]Al Maani A, Paul H, Al-Rashdi A, Wahaibi AA, Al-Jardani A, Al Abri AMA, et al. Ongoing challenges with healthcare-associated Candida auris outbreaks in Oman. J Fungi (Basel). 2019;5(4). 10.3390/jof5040101. PMC6958405 31652825 · DOI
  10. [10]Ruiz-Gaitán A Moret AM Tasias-Pitarch M Aleixandre-López AI Martínez-Morel H Calabuig E Salavert-Lletí M Ramírez P López-Hontangas JL Hagen F Meis JF Mollar-Maseres J Pemán J An outbreak due to Candida auris with prolonged colonisation and candidaemia in a tertiary care European hospital Mycoses. 2018 61 7 498 505 10.1111/myc.12781 29655180 · DOI · Paper page
  11. [11]Schelenz S Hagen F Rhodes JL Abdolrasouli A Chowdhary A Hall A Ryan L Shackleton J Trimlett R Meis JF Armstrong-James D Fisher MC First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016 5 35 10.1186/s13756-016-0132-5 27777756 PMC5069812 · DOI · Paper page
  12. [13]Chakrabarti A Sood P Rudramurthy SM Chen S Kaur H Capoor M Chhina D Rao R Eshwara VK Xess I Kindo AJ Umabala P Savio J Patel A Ray U Mohan S Iyer R Chander J Arora A Sardana R Roy I Appalaraju B Sharma A Shetty A Khanna N Marak R Biswas S Das S Harish BN Joshi S Mendiratta D Incidence, characteristics and outcome of ICU-acquired candidemia in India Intensive Care Med. 2015 41 2 285 295 10.1007/s00134-014-3603-2 25510301 · DOI · Paper page
  13. [16]Vallabhaneni S Kallen A Tsay S Chow N Welsh R Kerins J Kemble SK Pacilli M Black SR Landon E Ridgway J Palmore TN Zelzany A Adams EH Quinn M Chaturvedi S Greenko J Fernandez R Southwick K Furuya EY Calfee DP Hamula C Patel G Barrett P Lafaro P Berkow EL Moulton-Meissner H Noble-Wang J Fagan RP Jackson BR Lockhart SR Litvintseva AP Chiller TM Investigation of the first seven reported cases of Candida auris, a globally emerging invasive, multidrug-resistant fungus-United States, May 2013-August 2016 Am J Transplant. 2017 17 1 296 299 10.1111/ajt.14121 28029734 · DOI · Paper page
  14. [17]Eyre DW Sheppard AE Madder H Moir I Moroney R Quan TP Griffiths D George S Butcher L Morgan M Newnham R Sunderland M Clarke T Foster D Hoffman P Borman AM Johnson EM Moore G Brown CS Walker AS Peto TEA Crook DW Jeffery KJM A Candida auris outbreak and its control in an intensive care setting N Engl J Med. 2018 379 14 1322 1331 10.1056/NEJMoa1714373 30281988 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [18]Arendrup MC, Prakash A, Meletiadis J, Sharma C, Chowdhary A. Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI reference microdilution MICs of eight antifungal compounds for Candida auris and associated tentative epidemiological cutoff values. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(6). 10.1128/aac.00485-17. PMC5444165 28416539 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [19]Worth LJ, Harrison SJ, Dickinson M, van Diemen A, Breen J, Harper S, et al. Candida auris in an Australian health care facility: importance of screening high risk patients. Med J Aust. 2020;212(11):510-1 e1. 10.5694/mja2.50612. 32447766 · DOI
  17. [21]Karmarkar E O'Donnell K Prestel C Forsberg K Schan D Chow N Regional assessment and containment of Candida auris transmission in post-acute care settings - Orange County, California, 2019 Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2019 6 S993 10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2484 PMC10984253 34487450 · DOI
  18. [22]Kohlenberg A, Struelens M, Monnet D. Candida auris: epidemiological situation, laboratory capacity and preparedness in European Union and European Economic Area countries, 2013-2017. D Pla, Eurosurveillance. 2018;23(13). 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.13.18-00136. PMC5883451 29616608 · DOI
  19. [23]Lee WG Shin JH Uh Y Kang MG Kim SH Park KH Jang HC First three reported cases of nosocomial fungemia caused by Candida auris J Clin Microbiol. 2011 49 9 3139 3142 10.1128/JCM.00319-11 21715586 PMC3165631 · DOI
  20. [24]Biswal M Rudramurthy SM Jain N Shamanth AS Sharma D Jain K Yaddanapudi LN Chakrabarti A Controlling a possible outbreak of Candida auris infection: lessons learnt from multiple interventions J Hosp Infect. 2017 97 4 363 370 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.009 28939316 · DOI
  21. [25]Piedrahita CT Cadnum JL Jencson AL Shaikh AA Ghannoum MA Donskey CJ Environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities are a potential source for transmission of Candida auris and other Candida species Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017 38 9 1107 1109 10.1017/ice.2017.127 28693657 · DOI
  22. [26]Welsh RM Bentz ML Shams A Houston H Lyons A Rose LJ Survival, persistence, and isolation of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris on a plastic health care surface J Clin Microbiol. 2017 55 10 2996 3005 10.1128/JCM.00921-17 28747370 PMC5625385 · DOI · Paper page
  23. [27]Pacilli M Kerins JL Clegg WJ Walblay KA Adil H Kemble SK Xydis S McPherson TD Lin MY Hayden MK Froilan MC Soda E Tang AS Valley A Forsberg K Gable P Moulton-Meissner H Sexton DJ Jacobs Slifka KM Vallabhaneni S Walters MS Black SR Regional emergence of Candida auris in Chicago and lessons learned from intensive follow-up at one ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility Clin Infect Dis. 2020 71 e718 e725 10.1093/cid/ciaa435 32291441 PMC8376188 · DOI · Paper page
  24. [28]Tsay S Welsh RM Adams EH Chow NA Gade L Berkow EL Notes from the field: ongoing transmission of Candida auris in health care facilities - United States, June 2016-May 2017 MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2017 66 19 514 515 10.15585/mmwr.mm6619a7 28520710 PMC5657645 · DOI
  25. [30]Chibabhai V Fadana V Bosman N Nana T Comparative sensitivity of 1,3 beta-D-glucan for common causes of candidaemia in South Africa Mycoses. 2019 62 11 1023 1028 10.1111/myc.12982 31393662 · DOI
  26. [31]Chew SM Sweeney N Kidd SE Reed C Candida auris arriving on our shores: an Australian microbiology laboratory's experience Pathology. 2019 51 4 431 433 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.01.009 31003839 · DOI
  27. [32]• Borman AM, Fraser M, Johnson EM. CHROMagarTM Candida Plus: a novel chromogenic agar that permits the rapid identification of Candida auris. Medical mycology. 2020. 10.1093/mmy/myaa049Report of a novel chromogenic agar. 32525988 · DOI
  28. [33]Kathuria S Singh PK Sharma C Prakash A Masih A Kumar A Meis JF Chowdhary A Multidrug-resistant Candida auris misidentified as Candida haemulonii: characterization by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing and its antifungal susceptibility profile variability by Vitek 2, CLSI broth microdilution, and Etest method J Clin Microbiol. 2015 53 6 1823 1830 10.1128/jcm.00367-15 25809970 PMC4432077 · DOI
  29. [34]Szekely A, Borman AM, Johnson EM. Candida auris isolates of the Southern Asian and South African lineages exhibit different phenotypic and antifungal susceptibility profiles in vitro. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(5). 10.1128/jcm.02055-18. PMC6498034 30867237 · DOI · Paper page
  30. [35]Cendejas-Bueno E Kolecka A Alastruey-Izquierdo A Theelen B Groenewald M Kostrzewa M Cuenca-Estrella M Gómez-López A Boekhout T Reclassification of the Candida haemulonii complex as Candida haemulonii (C. haemulonii group I), C. duobushaemulonii sp. nov. (C. haemulonii group II), and C. haemulonii var. vulnera var. nov.: three multiresistant human pathogenic yeasts J Clin Microbiol. 2012 50 11 3641 3651 10.1128/JCM.02248-12 22952266 PMC3486233 · DOI
  31. [36]Chowdhary A Sharma C Duggal S Agarwal K Prakash A Singh PK Jain S Kathuria S Randhawa HS Hagen F Meis JF New clonal strain of Candida auris, Delhi India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 19 10 1670 1673 10.3201/eid1910.130393 24048006 PMC3810747 · DOI
  32. [37]Fraser M Brown Z Houldsworth M Borman AM Johnson EM Rapid identification of 6328 isolates of pathogenic yeasts using MALDI-ToF MS and a simplified, rapid extraction procedure that is compatible with the Bruker Biotyper platform and database Medical mycology. 2016 54 1 80 88 10.1093/mmy/myv085 26591008 · DOI
  33. [38]Ghosh AK Paul S Sood P Rudramurthy SM Rajbanshi A Jillwin TJ Chakrabarti A Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of yeasts causing bloodstream infections Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 21 4 372 378 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.009 25658527 · DOI
  34. [39]Mizusawa M Miller H Green R Lee R Durante M Perkins R Hewitt C Simner PJ Carroll KC Hayden RT Zhang SX Can multidrug-resistant Candida auris be reliably identified in clinical microbiology laboratories? J Clin Microbiol. 2017 55 2 638 640 10.1128/JCM.02202-16 27881617 PMC5277535 · DOI
  35. [40]Grenfell RC da Silva Junior AR Del Negro GM Munhoz RB Gimenes VM Assis DM Identification of Candida haemulonii Complex Species: Use of ClinProTools(TM) to Overcome Limitations of the Bruker Biotyper(TM), VITEK MS(TM) IVD, and VITEK MS(TM) RUO Databases Front Microbiol. 2016 7 940 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00940 27379069 PMC4909767 · DOI
  36. [42]Girard V Mailler S Chetry M Vidal C Durand G van Belkum A Colombo AL Hagen F Meis JF Chowdhary A Identification and typing of the emerging pathogen Candida auris by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry Mycoses. 2016 59 8 535 538 10.1111/myc.12519 27292939 · DOI
  37. [43]Vatanshenassan M Boekhout T Meis JF Berman J Chowdhary A Ben-Ami R Candida auris identification and rapid antifungal susceptibility testing against Echinocandins by MALDI-TOF MS Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 9 20 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00020 30834236 PMC6387932 · DOI
  38. [44]Almaghrabi RS Albalawi R Mutabagani M Atienza E Aljumaah S Gade L Forsberg K Litvintseva A Althawadi S Molecular characterisation and clinical outcomes of Candida auris infection: single-centre experience in Saudi Arabia Mycoses. 2020 63 5 452 460 10.1111/myc.13065 32072717 · DOI
  39. [45]• ElBaradei A. A decade after the emergence of Candida auris: what do we know? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1007/s10096-020-03886-9. Excellent review including epidemiology. 32297040 · DOI
  40. [46]• Kordalewska M, Perlin DS. Molecular diagnostics in the times of surveillance for Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel). 2019;5(3). 10.3390/jof5030077Excellent review focusing on molecular diagnostics and mechanisms of resistance inC. auris. PMC6787578 31434222 · DOI
  41. [47]Osei SJ Candida auris: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Microbiologyopen. 2018 7 4 e00578 10.1002/mbo3.578 29345117 PMC6079168 · DOI
  42. [48]Kordalewska M, Lee A, Park S, Berrio I, Chowdhary A, Zhao Y, et al. Understanding echinocandin resistance in the emerging pathogen Candida auris. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(6). 10.1128/aac.00238-18. PMC5971591 29632013 · DOI · Paper page
  43. [49]Lima A Widen R Vestal G Uy D Silbert S A TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Candida auris on the BD max system Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2019 57 7 e01604 e01618 10.1128/JCM.01604-18 31068411 PMC6595442 · DOI
  44. [50]Leach L, Russell A, Zhu Y, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V. A rapid and automated sample-to-result Candida auris real-time PCR assay for high-throughput testing of surveillance samples with the BD max open system. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(10). 10.1128/JCM.00630-19. PMC6760950 31391229 · DOI
  45. [51]Sexton DJ Kordalewska M Bentz ML Welsh RM Perlin DS Litvintseva AP Direct detection of emergent fungal pathogen Candida auris in clinical skin swabs by SYBR green-based quantitative PCR assay Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2018 56 12 e01337 e01318 10.1128/JCM.01337-18 30232130 PMC6258843 · DOI
  46. [52]Yamamoto M Alshahni MM Tamura T Satoh K Iguchi S Kikuchi K Mimaki M Makimura K Rapid detection of Candida auris based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2018 56 9 e00591 e00518 10.1128/JCM.00591-18 29950329 PMC6113467 · DOI
  47. [53]Oh BJ Shin JH Kim MN Sung H Lee K Joo MY Shin MG Suh SP Ryang DW Biofilm formation and genotyping of Candida haemulonii, Candida pseudohaemulonii, and a proposed new species (Candida auris) isolates from Korea Medical mycology. 2011 49 1 98 102 10.3109/13693786.2010.493563 20560864 · DOI
  48. [54]Lepak AJ, Zhao M, Berkow EL, Lockhart SR, Andes DR. Pharmacodynamic optimization for treatment of invasive Candida auris infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(8). 10.1128/aac.00791-17. PMC5527602 28584152 · DOI
  49. [55]Chowdhary A Prakash A Sharma C Kordalewska M Kumar A Sarma S Tarai B Singh A Upadhyaya G Upadhyay S Yadav P Singh PK Khillan V Sachdeva N Perlin DS Meis JF A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 73 4 891 899 10.1093/jac/dkx480 29325167 · DOI · Paper page
  50. [57]Munoz JF Gade L Chow NA Loparev VN Juieng P Berkow EL Genomic insights into multidrug-resistance, mating and virulence in Candida auris and related emerging species Nat Commun. 2018 9 1 5346 10.1038/s41467-018-07779-6 30559369 PMC6297351 · DOI · Paper page
  51. [59]Rhodes J Abdolrasouli A Farrer RA Cuomo CA Aanensen DM Armstrong-James D Fisher MC Schelenz S Genomic epidemiology of the UK outbreak of the emerging human fungal pathogen Candida auris Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 7 1 43 12 10.1038/s41426-018-0045-x 29593275 PMC5874254 · DOI · Paper page
  52. [61]Kwon YJ, Shin JH, Byun SA, Choi MJ, Won EJ, Lee D, et al. Candida auris clinical isolates from South Korea: identification, antifungal susceptibility, and genotyping. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(4). 10.1128/jcm.01624-18. PMC6440790 30728190 · DOI
  53. [62]Delavy M Dos Santos AR Heiman CM Coste AT Investigating antifungal susceptibility in Candida Species with MALDI-TOF MS-based assays Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 9 19 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00019 30792970 PMC6375026 · DOI
  54. [63]Hata DJ Humphries R Lockhart SR Candida auris: an emerging yeast pathogen posing distinct challenges for laboratory diagnostics, treatment, and infection prevention Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2020 144 1 107 114 10.5858/arpa.2018-0508-RA 31169997 · DOI
  55. [64]Pekard-Amenitsch S Schriebl A Posawetz W Willinger B Kölli B Buzina W Isolation of Candida auris from ear of otherwise healthy patient, Austria, 2018 Emerging Infectious Disease journal. 2018 24 8 1596 1597 10.3201/eid2408.180495 PMC6056136 30016243 · DOI
  56. [65]Letscher-Bru V Meyer M-H Galoisy A-C Waller J Candolfi E Prospective evaluation of the new chromogenic medium Candida ID, in comparison with Candiselect, for isolation of molds and isolation and presumptive identification of yeast species Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2002 40 4 1508 1510 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1508-1510.2002 11923383 PMC140398 · DOI
  57. [66]Mulet Bayona JV, García CS, Palop NT, Cardona CG. Evaluation of a novel chromogenic medium for Candida spp. identification and comparison with CHROMagar™ Candida for the detection of Candida auris in surveillance samples. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2020. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115168. 32927410 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Keighley, C., Garnham, K., Harch, S. A. J., Robertson, M., Chaw, K., Teng, J. C., & Chen, S. C.-A.
Affiliations
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Royal North Shore Hospital (AU)
  • South Australia Pathology (AU)
  • Gosford Hospital (AU)
  • NSW Health Pathology (AU)
Corresponding author
Keighley, C.
ORCID
Venue
Current Fungal Infection Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-06-23
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
116-126
ISSN
  • 1936-3761 (ISSN-L)
  • 1936-377X
DOI
10.1007/s12281-021-00420-y
PMC
PMC8220427
OpenAlex
W3173974021
Cited by
87
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Fungal Infection Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Keywords
Candida auris, fungal infection diagnosis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, real-time PCR, whole genome sequencing, nosocomial transmission, outbreak investigation, antifungal resistance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review