Internalized stigma, anticipated discrimination and perceived public stigma in adults with ADHD
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess internalized stigma, perceived public stigma, anticipated discrimination and their associations with demographic, psychiatric and psychosocial characteristics in adult ADHD. Stigmatization was assessed with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Questionnaire on Anticipated Discrimination and the Questionnaire on Public Stereotypes Perceived by Adults with ADHD. The sample comprised n = 104 adults with ADHD, of whom n = 24 (23.3%) reported high internalized stigma, n = 92 (88.5%) anticipated discrimination in daily life and n = 70 (69.3%) perceived public stigma. Internalized stigma and/or anticipated discrimination correlated with ADHD symptoms, psychological distress, self-esteem, functional impairment and quality of life and was associated with ADHD family history and employment status. Most frequently perceived stereotypes were doubts about the validity of ADHD as a mental disorder. Internalized stigma and anticipated discrimination are highly prevalent in adult ADHD and correlate with the burden of disease. ADHD is associated with characteristic public stereotypes, which are distinct from stereotypes related to other mental disorders. Stigmatization should be considered in the clinical management of adult ADHD and evaluated further in future studies.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adults with ADHD frequently experience stigma about their diagnoses, with 89% reporting anticipated discrimination in daily lives.
“Adults with ADHD frequently experience stigma about their diagnoses, with 89% reporting anticipated discrimination in their daily lives (Masuch et al., 2019).”
From The experiences of adults with ADHD in interpersonal relationships and online communities: A qualitative study (2023) · cites this paper as Masuch et al., 2019
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363 · Cited by 8,848 · see citing works
(1993) · PubMed · Cited by 1,900 · see citing works
Livingston, J. D., & Boyd, J. E. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.030 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure
Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008 · Cited by 1,641 · see citing works
On the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Stages, Disclosure, and Strategies for Change
Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700804 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Missing Data in Likert Ratings: A Comparison of Replacement Methods
Downey, R. G., & King, C. V. (1998) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309809595542 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: a comparison of imputation methods
Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H., & Ghali, W. A. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-57 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
On the stigma of mental illness: Practical strategies for research and social change.
Corrigan, P. W. (2005) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10887-000 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Bebbington, P. (2001) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270170010 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl von Rosenberg
von Collani, G., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2003) · Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie · doi:10.1024//0170-1789.24.1.3 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Discrimination in health care against people with mental illness
Thornicroft, G., Rose, D. S., & Kassam, A. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701278937 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
A New Psychosocial Screening Instrument for Use With Cancer Patients
Zabora, J., Brintzenhofeszoc, K., Jacobsen, P., Curbow, B., Piantadosi, S., Hooker, C., Owens, A., & Derogatis, L. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.3.241 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale: A multinational review
Ritsher, J. B., Adler, E. P., Otilingam, P. G., & Peters, T. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.06.005 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Rösler, M., Retz, W., Retz‐Junginger, P., Thome, J., Supprian, T., Nissen, T. D., Stieglitz, R., Blocher, D., Hengesch, G., & Trott, G.-E. (2004) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-003-1622-2 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Stigma in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Mueller, A. K., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Koerts, J., & Tucha, L. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0085-3 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Psychometric analysis of the brief symptom inventory 18 (BSI-18) in a representative German sample
Franke, G. H., Jaeger, S., Glaesmer, H., Barkmann, C., Petrowski, K., & Braehler, E. (2017) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0283-3 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
A Model of Internalized Stigma and Its Effects on People With Mental Illness
Drapalski, A. L., Lucksted, A. A., Perrin, P. B., Aakre, J. M., Brown, C. H., DeForge, B. R., & Ritsher, J. B. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.001322012 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
STEVANOVIC, D. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01735.x · Cited by 278 · cited 1× · see citing works
“2008; Stevanovic 2011).”
Stigmatization of ADHD: A Developmental Review
Lebowitz, M. S. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712475211 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Dimensionality and norms of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in a German general population sample
Roth, M., Decker, O., Herzberg, P. Y., & Brähler, E. (2008) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.190 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Quinn, D. M., Williams, M. K., & Weisz, B. M. (2015) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000136 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Der Einsatz des Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) bei Psychotherapiepatienten
Franke, G. H., Ankerhold, A., Haase, M., Jäger, S., Tögel, C., Ulrich, C., & Frommer, J. (2011) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1270518 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Krajewski, C., Burazeri, G., & Brand, H. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.013 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ramos-Quiroga, J., Montoya, A., Kutzelnigg, A., Deberdt, W., & Sobanski, E. (2013) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.812961 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMIRIAD study group, Farrelly, S. E., Clement, S., Gabbidon, J., Jeffery, D., Dockery, L., Lassman, F., Brohan, E., Henderson, R. C., Williams, P. R., et al. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-157 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Differences in heterosocial behavior and outcomes of ADHD-symptomatic subtypes in a college sample
Canu, W. H., & Carlson, G. L. (2003) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470300600304 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Firmin, R. L., Luther, L., Lysaker, P. H., Minor, K. S., & Salyers, M. P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Tatlow‐Golden, M., Prihodová, L., Gavin, B. E., Cullen, W., & McNicholas, F. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0516-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Mick, E., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T., Zhang, H. F., & Biederman, J. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707308468 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Stigma and discrimination against people with schizophrenia related to medical services
Harangozó, J., Reneses, B., Brohan, E., Sebes, J., Csukly, G., López-Ibor, J., Sartorius, N., Rose, D. S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764013490263 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia
Üçok, A., Brohan, E., Rose, D. S., Sartorius, N., Leese, M., Yoon, C., Plooy, A., Ertekin, B. A., Milev, R. V., Thornicroft, G., et al. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01772.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Kao, Y., Lien, Y., Chang, H., Wang, S.-C., Tzeng, N., & Loh, C. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.030 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Is ADHD a valid diagnosis in adults? No
Moncrieff, J., & Timimi, S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c547 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Children's Beliefs About Causes of Childhood Depression and ADHD: A Study of Stigmatization
Coleman, D. K., Walker, J. S., Lee, J., Friesen, B. J., & Squire, P. N. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.7.950 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Measurement of Stigmatization towards Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Koerts, J., Mueller, A. K., Lange, K. W., & Tucha, O. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051755 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Perceived and anticipated discrimination in people with mental illness—An interview study
Hansson, L. I., Stjernswärd, S., & Svensson, B. (2013) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2013.775339 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The development and validation of the Questionnaire on Anticipated Discrimination (QUAD)
MIRIAD Study Group, Gabbidon, J., Brohan, E., Clement, S., Henderson, R. C., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-297 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Boys With ADHD in Social Interaction With a Nonfamiliar Adult: An Observational Study
STROES, A., Alberts, E., & van der Meere, J. J. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200303000-00009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sibitz, I., Friedrich, M., Unger, A., Bachmann, A., Benesch, T., & Amering, M. (2013) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1332878 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Is ADHD a valid diagnosis in adults? Yes
Asherson, P., Adamou, M., Bolea, B., Muller, U., Morua, S. D., Pitts, M., Thome, J., & Young, S. (2010) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.c549 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Children's Beliefs About Causes of Childhood Depression and ADHD: A Study of Stigmatization
Coleman, D., Walker, J., Lee, J., Friesen, B. J., & Squire, P. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.7.950 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a narrative review
Jaeschke, R. R., Sujkowska, E., & Sowa-Kućma, M. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05946-0 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Milner, V. L., Mohamed, L., & Happe, F. G. E. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251326056 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ginapp, C. M., Greenberg, N. R., Macdonald-Gagnon, G., Angarita, G. A., Bold, K. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2023) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100223 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Schippers, L. M., Horstman, L. I., van de Velde, H., Pereira, R. R., Zinkstok, J., Mostert, J. C., Greven, C. U., & Hoogman, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.922788 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Neurodivergence, intersectionality, and eating disorders: a lived experience-led narrative review
Cobbaert, L., Millichamp, A., Elwyn, R., Silverstein, S., Schweizer, K., Thomas, E., & Miskovic‐Wheatley, J. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01126-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Understanding the Stigma Associated with ADHD: Hope for the Future?
Nguyen, P. T., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.5.1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Public perceptions of adult ADHD: Indications of stigma?
Godfrey, E., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Butzbach, M., Weisbrod, M., Aschenbrenner, S., & Tucha, O. M. (2020) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02279-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Associations between ADHD traits and self-reported strengths in the general population
Schippers, L. M., Greven, C. U., & Hoogman, M. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152461 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-Esteem in Adults With ADHD Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A Systematic Review
Pedersen, A. B., Edvardsen, B. V., Messina, S. M., Volden, M. R., Weyandt, L. L., & Lundervold, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241237245 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“(Masuch et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSchuck, R. K., & Fung, L. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1250895 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lyu, Q.-Y., Yu, X.-X., Wang, J., Wang, X., Ke, Q., Liu, D., & Yang, Q. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2022.04.019 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Meza, J. I., Monroy, M., Ma, R., & Mendoza‐Denton, R. (2019) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-019-00302-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chi, Y., Huang, D., Pachankis, J. E., Valimaki, M. A., Shen, Y., & Li, X. (2020) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000205 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lefler, E. K., Alacha, H. F., Weed, B. M., Reeble, C. J., & Garner, A. M. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231156821 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wicherkiewicz, F., & Gambin, M. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06410-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Furthermore, stigma manifests in various forms, such as the belief that adult ADHD is not a legitimate disorder, with some suggesting that symptoms are simulated or that the condition is fabricated by pharmaceutical companies (Masuch et al., 2019 ).”
Pyszkowska, A., Nowacki, A., & Celban, J. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241290901 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Wellbeing of People with Neurodiverse Conditions
Colombo-Dougovito, A. M., Dillon, S. R., & Mpofu, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59687-3_15 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Conceptualizing and Developing a Dynamic Stigma Theory
Gyamfi, S. (2024) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2367147 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-Stigma of Canadian Youth With ADHD and Their Parents
Jelinkova, K., Charabin, E., Miller, C., & Climie, E. A. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241273161 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Latifian, M., Raheb, G., Abdi, K., Alikhani, R., & Islam, S. M. S. (2022) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.621 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
AlFattani, A. A. G., Bilal, L., Saad, S. Y. A., Naseem, M. T., Hyder, S., Alhabib, A., Al‐Subaie, A., & Altwaijri, Y. A. (2023) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-023-00482-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Stigma Related to Observable Symptoms, But Not Stimulant Medication Use, in Young Women With ADHD
Canu, W. H., Cave, M. J., & Nelson, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231211358 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Weinhardt, J. M., Mai, I., & Young, S. (2025) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-025-10065-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pinto, A., Quilter, E. E. V., Vasikaran, J., Koerner, S., Chimonas, T., Nielsen, E. E., Marshall, P., & O'Hara, K. P. (2025) · Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3764687.3764713 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sexual and reproductive health in young women with ADHD from the view of health care professionals
Wallin, K., Alehagen, S., Hanberger, L., Lundell, I. W., & Hultsjö, S. (2024) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-024-03230-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Song, B. B., Agle, Z. W., Anderson, Z. S., Masjedi, A. D., Yao, J. A., Matsuzaki, S., Mandelbaum, R. S., Ouzounian, J. G., & Matsuo, K. (2025) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.01.034 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Inclusive Recommender Systems: Addressing Needs of Users with ADHD
Khan, S., Iqbal, M., Knijnenburg, B. P., & Dixon, E. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems · doi:10.1145/3769427 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
D’Amelio, R., Betz, L. T., Jow, S. M., Retz, W., Philipsen, A., Klein, J. P., Faßbinder, E., Jacob, G. A., & Retz‐Junginger, P. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726103390 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapeutic undertreatment of ADHD in elite-level cycling and anti-doping regulations
Liebrenz, M., Smith, A. J., & Buadze, A. (2022) · Sports Psychiatry · doi:10.1024/2674-0052/a000028 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Smith, S., & McVeigh, J. (2025) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities5010024 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Muhammad, N., Murugesan, B. G., Singal, P., Antai, A., & Jain, L. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.37372 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Different, Not Deficient: Supporting University and College Students with ADHD in Academic Libraries
Magnuson, L., Opdahl, J., Nataraj, L., & Olivas, A. P. (2024) · The Library Quarterly · doi:10.1086/730466 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Oh, Y. J., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, J.-F. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331856 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
ADHD and career sustainability: a sustainable career ecosystem perspective
Grabarski, M. K., Jameson, T. P., & Mouratidou, M. (2025) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-03-2025-0150 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Le trouble déficit d’attention hyperactivité (TDAH) dans les troubles du neurodéveloppement (TND)
Purper‐Ouakil, D. (2020) · Contraste · doi:10.3917/cont.051.0189 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kroeger, R. A. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12865 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dıkeç, G., Bılaç, Ö., Kardelen, C., & Sapmaz, Ş. Y. (2022) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents2040034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ADHD and Career Success: Barriers, Facilitators, and Future Research Directions
Samosh, D. S., Lilius, J. M., & Atwood, K. (2024) · Palgrave studies in equity, diversity, inclusion, and indigenization in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55072-0_12 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ADHD Identity: How Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status Shape Rejection or Acceptance
Pyland, C. P., Zoet, Z., Holmes, M., Davis, H., Rivers, A. S., & Mollen, D. (2025) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2025.2510266 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Curșeu, P. L., Trif, S., van Rijswijk, J., Fodor, O. C., & Manole, E. C. (2026) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-06-2025-0496 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdulai, A., Howard, A. F., Yong, P. J., & Currie, L. M. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000722 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Han, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, Y.-D., Sun, G., Dai, X.-Y., Yin, Y.-Q., & Geng, Y. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adult Persons with ADHD and Their Lifestyle
Björk, A., Rönngren, Y., & Våge, L. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41709-2_7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wallin, K., Lundell, I. W., Alehagen, S., Hanberger, L., & Hultsjö, S. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-03001-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Murray, A. S. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00493-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does students’ ADHD diagnosis affect teachers’ school-track decisions? An experimental study
Klapproth, F., & Brink, C. (2024) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-024-00795-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hall, S. V., Pangori, A., Tilea, A. M., Schroeder, A., & Zivin, K. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.073 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lesica, S., Skeel, R. L., & Fust, B. (2022) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2022.2081676 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Qualitative Ascriptions of Autistic Behavior by Non-Autistic College Students
Birnschein, A. M., Ward, O. F., McClain, A. B., Harmon, R. L., Paisley, C. A., Stevens, M., & Tomeny, T. S. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06248-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Černickaja, K., & Sokolová, L. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241306716 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Voyer, C., Corbière, M., Villotti, P., Stamate, A. N., & Sauvé, G. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.107997 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Çakır, A., & Takım, U. (2025) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2024.57442 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Related Strengths in Adults: A Scoping Review
Rafael, R. B., Jia, H.-W., Rouel, M., Wootton, B. M., & Mitchison, D. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261425737
Comprehensive Assessment of Mental Health Stigma
Ciulin, B. A., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., Díez-Gómez, A., Lucas‐Molina, B., & Fernández-Alonso, R. (2026) · Psicothema · doi:10.70478/psicothema.2026.38.06 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Krishnamoorthy, T., Das, S., & Thomas, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1783271
Teixeira, M. S., Christófaro, D. G. D., Delfino, L. D., Saraiva, B. T. C., dos Santos, A. B., Leite, E. G. F., Gonzales, K., Ferrari, G., Lofrano‐Prado, M. C., & Tebar, W. R. (2025) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000302 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adiputra, I. M. S., Yanti, N. L. G. P., Faidah, N., Muliawati, N. K., & Oktaviani, N. P. W. (2022) · Bhakti Community Journal · doi:10.36376/bcj.v1i1.8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Towards Inclusive Higher Education for Neuroatypical Students: a critical reviewPreprint
Rebecchi, K. (2024) · doi:10.35542/osf.io/vx5gr · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ADHD, Parental Stress, Stigma, and Mindfulness Training
Gopalan, R. T. (2020) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-5495-1.ch018
Social and Labor Stressors Influencing Disability in Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Abramov, D. M., Baruzzi, M. M., Alvim, R. J., Peixoto, A. C. M. N., Mannarino, V. D. S., Loureiro, C. B. P., Ferreira, D., Almeida, I., Pinheiro, I., & Valentim, R. M. (2020) · Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal · doi:10.19080/pbsij.2019.10.555919
Small talk, Big data: Patients’ and general public’s perceptions about patientsPreprint
Ljevar, V., Spence, A., & Goulding, J. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/f4z57
Life with ADHD: Interpretative phenomenological analysis - case study
Černickaja, K., & Sokolová, L. (2023) · Diskuze v psychologii · doi:10.5507/dvp.2023.004
Ableism: A Conversation Starter
Scheunemann, L. P. (2024) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2024.02.010
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) am Arbeitsplatz
Stockreiter, D., Reuss, F., Holzgreve, F., Germann, U., Oremek, G. M., Ohlendorf, D., & Wanke, E. M. (2024) · Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie · doi:10.1007/s40664-024-00534-3
Ballmann, C., Mueller-Stierlin, A. S., Kölle, M. A., Wolf, F., Philipsen, A., Gensichen, J. S., & Barzel, A. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2024.05.003
Jelinkova, K., Charabin, E., Miller, C., Siemens, T., Bath, A. C., & Climie, E. A. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01865-9
Emerging adults’ identity and disclosure of ADHD in social relationships
Mazur, E. (2025) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101213
Attention deficit disorder in adults: features of social and family relationships
Chutko, L. S., Surushkina, S. Y., Yakovenko, E. A., & Scheglova, L. V. (2026) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202612601113
Cunff, A. L., Russell, C., & Dommett, E. J. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04504-7
Die Krise der psychischen Gesundheit
Strittmatter, E., & Möhler, E. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a001076
Thomas, K. S., Cooper, K., & Jones, C. R. G. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03448-8
Perry, K., & Winter, S. (2026) · Case Studies in Sport and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1123/csspp.2025-0017
Kane, I., & Tyrrell, K. (2026) · Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning · doi:10.1108/heswbl-02-2026-0136
Stigmatization of neurodivergence in the workplace
Cameron, C. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1818600
Giblett, M. J., Lind, P. A., & Medland, S. E. (2026) · Research in Neurodiversity · doi:10.1016/j.rin.2026.100047
KARİYER YAŞAM DÖNGÜSÜ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN NÖROÇEŞİTLİLİK: KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇERÇEVE VE UYGULAMA ÖNERİLERİ
Özsoy, T. (2026) · Journal of Business Innovation and Governance · doi:10.54472/jobig.1828857
Kelly, T., May, B., Porter, C. N., & Palace, M. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261469625
Editorial: Advances in the social determinants of health for college students with ADHD
O’Neill, S. C., Rostain, A., Rajendran, K., & Bedard, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1830924
O’Leary, A., Potter, A. L., Rose, K., Pavlopoulou, G., & Tibber, M. S. (2026) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581261480482
Brausch, A. M., Kalgren, T., Cleare, S., Clark, K. A., & O’Connor, R. C. (2026) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2026.2724116
Wallin, K., Hanberger, L., Lundell, I. W., Alehagen, S., & Hultsjö, S. (2026) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70856
Jackson‐Perry, D., Ochoa, S. C., Corbisiero, S., Abela, I. A., Yoon, G. H., Cavassini, M. L., Hampel, B., Amstutz, A., Study, T. S. H. C., & Study, T. S. C. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.08.26362490
‘It Just Felt Pretty Normal’: Child and Adolescent Experiences of ADHD Assessments
Fergin-Wennberg, E., Axelsson, L., Isaksson, J., & Frick, M. A. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research · doi:10.16993/sjdr.1390
Blair, B., Gurrieri, M. L., McDonald, T., Wood, R. E., Randall, K. N., & Dixon, E. (2026) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3797867.3829055
- Authors
- Masuch, T. V., Bea, M., Alm, B., Deibler, P., & Sobanski, E.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Sobanski, Esther
- Venue
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
- Published
- 2018-10-19
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-220
- ISSN
- 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-6647
- OpenAlex
- W2897772912
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, self-stigma, anticipated discrimination, perceived public stigma, mental health stigma, psychological distress, self-esteem, quality of life, functional disability, employment status, family history of ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Stereotyping, Young Adult, Social Stigma, Anticipation, Psychological, Social Discrimination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
