Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - short form for quality of life assessments in clinical practice: a psychometric study: Q-LES-Q - SF in clinical practice
Abstract
Accessible summary • The measurement characteristics of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) for quality of life (QOL) assessments in the clinical settings were evaluated. • The Q-LES-Q – SF showed sound internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent and criterion validity, with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. • The Q-LES-Q – SF could produce reliable, valid and sensitive assessments of QOL in routine psychiatric practice. The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and its short form (Q-LES-Q – SF) are among the most frequently used outcome measures in psychiatry research. The aim of this study was to analyse the measurement properties of the Q-LES-Q – SF for quality of life assessments in the clinical settings. Fifty-seven adults with a psychiatric diagnosis participated. Psychometric evaluation included descriptive analysis, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, validity, sensitivity and responsiveness analysis. The amount of missing data was 5.3%, while no floor or ceiling effects were observed. The internal consistency and test–retest coefficients were 0.9 and 0.93, respectfully. Almost all items significantly correlated to the total score and other measures used in the study, with the correlations ranging 0.41–0.81. Finally, the responsiveness parameters indicated the Q-LES-Q – SF is 80% sensitive and 100% specific measure. This preliminary analysis of the Q-LES-Q – SF demonstrated that it could produce reliable and valid clinical assessments of quality of life.
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The Q-LES-Q-SF has excellent psychometric properties.
“Previous research has indicated the questionnaire has excellent psychometric properties [50].”
From Feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcomes of a psychological adjustment and reintegration program for transitioned military veterans (2024) · cites this paper as [50]
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ResultFactor structure of the Q-LES-Q short form in an enrolled mental health clinic population
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“The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) 11,12 is a 16-item measure of quality of life which asks the respondent to indicate level of satisfaction across multiple domains (eg, mood, work, social life, and so forth) on a 5-point scale ( “ very poor ” to “…”
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“The last two items about medication and overall contentment were added to the short form for clinical reasons and are scored separately, though they were not used in the current study (Stevanovic, 2011).”
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“The general activities domain of QLESQ longform may be used as a shortform version of the QLESQ (Stevanovic, 2011).”
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“As anticipated, psychiatric or somatic comorbidities were associated with a lower QoL, which is consistent with observations of those patients [4, 9].”
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“The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-QSF) is a self-report measure commonly used to assess quality of life in several domains: general activities, physical health, subjective feelings, leisure time activities, social relationships, work, and household duties [46,47].”
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“Test-retest coefficients were 0.9 and 0.93 (Stevanovic, 2011)”
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“Finally, participants reported living at 52.25% of their maximum quality of life, on average, as measured by the Q-LES-Q-SF (Stevanovic, 2011).”
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“…[34] Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [35] Functional Impairment Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire–Short Form [36] Work and Social Adjustment Scale [37] Sheehan Disability Scale [38] Work Productivity & Activity Impairment Questionnaire [39] Lam Employment…”
BackgroundOne-Year Prospective Follow-up of Women With INOCA and MINOCA at a Canadian Women’s Heart Centre
Parvand, M., Cai, L., Ghadiri, S., Humphries, K. H., Starovoytov, A., Daniele, P., Prodan‐Bhalla, N., & Sedlak, T. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.07.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gálvez, V., Li, A., Oxley, C. J., Waite, S., Felice, N. D., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Kumar, D., Page, A. C., Hooke, G. R., & Loo, C. K. A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Quick, F., Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1999-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
McCarthy, E., DeViva, J. C., Norman, S. B., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000436 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bredemeier, K., Lieblich, S., & Foa, E. B. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102277 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bagheri, Z., Chamanpara, P., Jafari, P., Balhara, Y. P. S., Arya, S., Ransing, R. S., Đorić, A., Knez, R., Thi, T.-V. V., Huong, T. N., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00864-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Study adaptation, design, and methods of a web-based PTSD intervention for women Veterans
Lehavot, K., Litz, B. T., Millard, S. P., Hamilton, A. B., Sadler, A. G., & Simpson, T. L. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brill, E., Krebs, C. R., Falkner, M., Peter, J., Henke, K., Züst, M. A., Minkova, L., Brem, A., & Klöppel, S. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04131-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tidman, M. M., & Skotzke, E. (2020) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2019-0027 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Raouna, A., Malcolm, R., Ibrahim, R., & MacBeth, A. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245226 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“BSI-18: Brief Symptom Inventory [36]; KPCS: Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale [40]; Q-LES-Q-SF: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire–Short form [42, 43]; complete = complete case; imputed = imputed values; d = within-group Cohen’s d effect sizes; SD = Standard Deviation; t = paired-samples t-test…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEating disorder behaviors as a form of non-suicidal self-injury
Washburn, J. J., Soto, D., Osorio, C. A., & Slesinger, N. C. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rendon, A., Livingston, M. D., Suzuki, S., Hill, W., & Walters, S. T. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Indecisiveness as a predictor of quality of life in individuals with obsessive and compulsive traits
Taillefer, S. E., Liu, J. J. W., Ornstein, T. J., & Vickers, K. (2016) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.07.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Quality of life among district hospital nurses with multisite musculoskeletal symptoms in Vietnam
Thanh, H. N., Hoang, D. L., Hoang, T. G., Khuê, P. M., Nguyen, V. K., Bodin, J., Dewitte, J.-D., & Roquelaure, Y. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12161 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Redefining object attachment: Development and validation of a new scale
David, J., & Norberg, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00058 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF; Stevanovic, 2011).”
MethodInfluentialDzevlan, A., Redzepagic, R., Hadzisalihovic, M., Curevac, A., Masic, E., Ališahović-Gelo, E., Merdzanovic, E., & Hadžimuratović, A. (2019) · Materia Socio Medica · doi:10.5455/msm.2019.31.14-18 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Emotion processing in intermittent explosive disorder
Fahlgren, M. K., Puhalla, A. A., Sorgi, K. M., & McCloskey, M. S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.046 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
McCarty, R. J., Downing, S. T., Daley, M. L., McNamara, J. P. H., & Guastello, A. D. (2023) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2075855 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire- Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF; Stevanovic, 2011) is a validated self-report measure that assesses enjoyment and satisfaction with everyday life activities on a five-point Likert scale from “very poor” to “very good.””
MethodStorch, E. A., Kay, B., Wu, M. S., Nadeau, J. M., & Riemann, B. C. (2017) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371702900109 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Colli, C. D., Chiarotti, F., Campolongo, P., Giuliani, A., & Branchi, I. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00192-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“51,52 for a complete description of the questionnaire).”
Hoarding among outpatients seeking treatment at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore
Ong, C. W., Sagayadevan, V., Lee, S. P., Ong, R. H. S., Chong, S. A., Frost, R. O., & Subramaniam, M. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.12.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The Q-LES-Q-SF has been found to have high internal consistency, acceptable construct validity, and criterion validity (Pitkanen et al., 2012; Stevanovic, 2011).”
BackgroundJha, M. K., Minhajuddin, A., Thase, M. E., & Jarrett, R. B. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.038 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The General activities summary scale of Q-LES-Q is often used as a short form instrument (Q-LES-Q SF) (Stevanovic, 2011).”
MethodTan, E. J., Cistullo, L. L., Castle, D. J., Rossell, S. L., Jenkins, Z., & Phillipou, A. (2020) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1836890 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Additionally, while the Q-LES-Q-SF has good convergent validity with other life satisfaction measures (Stevanovic, 2011), it is an unconventional measure in AN research.”
BackgroundNewton, R., Bosanac, P., Mancuso, S., & Castle, D. J. (2013) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856213486303 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ranolazine for Symptomatic Management of Microvascular Angina
Rayner‐Hartley, E., Parvand, M., Humphries, K. H., Starovoytov, A., Park, J. E., & Sedlak, T. (2018) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000000779 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gliddon, E., Lauder, S., Berk, L., Cosgrove, V. E., Grimm, D., Dodd, S., Suppes, T. M., & Berk, M. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0630-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Doherty, E. R., Walton, K. E., BARSKY, A. J., & Fallon, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.010 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sharma, P., Shakya, R., Singh, S., & Balhara, Y. P. S. (2020) · Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kelly, M. M., Reilly, E. D., Ahern, M., & Fukuda, S. (2020) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650120915781 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Q-LES-Q-SF is a commonly used self-report measure to assess quality of life in several domains: general activities, physical health, subjective feelings, leisure time activities, social relationships, work, and household duties (Endicott et al., 1993; Stevanovic, 2011).”
MethodButt, M., Wagner, A. F., & Rigby, A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-020-09725-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Quality of life was measured using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF; Stevanovic, 2011).”
MethodCheung, A., Agwu, V., Stojcevski, M., Wood, L. L., & Fan, X. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-00977-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The Q-LES-QSF consists of 16 items rated on a scale of 1–5 to assess quality of life and life satisfaction in a variety of categories such as physical health, mood, and work (Stevanovic, 2011).”
BackgroundDevelopment of an Intelligent System for the Monitoring and Diagnosis of the Well-Being
Machado-Jaimes, L., Bustamante-Bello, R., Argüelles-Cruz, A.-J., & Alfaro-Ponce, M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22249719 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Q-LES-Q is a self-reporting measure tool assessing mental health, taking into account the person’s daily life [30].”
MethodMilosevic, I., Chudzik, S., Boyd, S. J., & McCabe, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.08.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire-Short form (Q-LES-Q-SF; Stevanovic, 2011) Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short grated group cognitive-behavioral treatment for comorbid mood, Disorders (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.08.002 Form…”
BackgroundInfluentialDopamine transporter (DAT1) gene in combat veterans with PTSD: A case-control study
Zuschlag, Z. D., Compean, E., Nietert, P. J., Lauzon, S. D., Hamner, M. B., & Wang, Z. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113801 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Q-LES-Q has good reliability and validity psychometric parameters (Stevanovic, 2011; Endicott et al., 1993).”
Thompson, E. M., Brierley, M., Destrée, L., Albertella, L., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.11.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rosencrans, P. L., Bui, E., Rogers, A. H., Simon, N. M., & Baker, A. W. (2017) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2017.10.4.283 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Summers, B. J., Hoeppner, S. S., Beatty, C. C., Blais, M. A., Greenberg, J. L., Phillips, K. A., & Wilhelm, S. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.12.006 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Demyttenaere, K., Costa, T., Kavakbasi, E., Jiang, M., Scheltens, A., Dibué, M., Hall, B., Andrade, P., McAllister-Williams, H., Baune, B. T., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.054 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prediction of individual patient outcomes to psychotherapy vs medication for major depression
LoParo, D., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Mayberg, H. S., & Craighead, W. E. (2025) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-025-00119-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q) 49,50 is a 16-item self-reported questionnaire that evaluates overall enjoyment and satisfaction with physical health, mood, work, household and leisure activities, social and family relationships, daily functioning,…”
Li, Y., Bressington, D., & Chien, W.-T. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1386238 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.02.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life among Gastric Ulcer Patients
Muazzam, A., Ali, N., Niazi, Y., & Hassan, N. A. (2021) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.37.4.3894 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Janzen, T. B., Paneduro, D., Picard, L. M., GORDON, A. S., & Bartel, L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212021 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
RetractedBaluku, M. M. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00091-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire “Q-LES-Q – SF” (Endicott et al., 1993; Stevanovic, 2011).”
Method
- Authors
- STEVANOVIC, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 744-750
- ISSN
- 1351-0126 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1934577361
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- quality of life, psychometric properties, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, criterion validity, responsiveness, sensitivity and specificity, psychiatric patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results
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