Psychometric analysis of the brief symptom inventory 18 (BSI-18) in a representative German sample
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The BSI-18 contains the three six-item scales somatization, depression, and anxiety as well as the Global Severity Index (GSI), including all 18 items. The BSI-18 is the latest and shortest of the multidimensional versions of the Symptom-Checklist 90-R, but its psychometric properties have not been sufficiently clarified yet. METHODS: Based on a representative sample of N = 2516 participants (aged 14-94 years), detailed psychometric analyses were carried out. RESULTS: The internal consistency was good: Somatization α = .82, Depression α = .87, Anxiety α = .84 and GSI α = .93. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three scales as second-order and GSI as first-order factors. The model fit based on RMSEA is good but that model fit based on CFI and TLI are too low. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is a very short, reliable instrument for the assessment of psychological distress. The BSI-18 can be used to reliably assess psychological distress in the general population. However, further studies need to evaluate the usefulness of standardization in clinical samples.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The total sample showed higher somatization levels than a norm sample.
“The total sample showed in comparison with a norm sample high levels of each of the three dimensions of depression (M = 4.18; SD = 4.52 vs. Mnorm=1.27; SDnorm=2.5, Franke et al. 2017) (t(570) = 15.40, p <.001), anxiety (M = 3.67; SD = 4.30, vs. Mnorm=1.09; SDnorm=2.1, ibd.) (t(570) = 14.35, p <.001), and somatization (M = 2.23, SD = 3.00, vs. Mnorm=0.70; SDnorm=14.8, ibd.) (t(570) = 12.18, p <.001”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as Franke et al. 2017
Table 2 (Results; page unavailable) reports a somatization mean of 0.70 for the representative sample’s 25–34-year-old subgroup, below the citing paper’s reported mean of 2.23. It does not give 0.70 as the mean for the entire norm sample; Table 1 gives that sample’s mean as 1.46. Table 2 also gives the subgroup SD as 1.8, not the cited 14.8. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe total sample showed higher anxiety levels than a norm sample.
“The total sample showed in comparison with a norm sample high levels of each of the three dimensions of depression (M = 4.18; SD = 4.52 vs. Mnorm=1.27; SDnorm=2.5, Franke et al. 2017) (t(570) = 15.40, p <.001), anxiety (M = 3.67; SD = 4.30, vs. Mnorm=1.09; SDnorm=2.1, ibd.) (t(570) = 14.35, p <.001), and somatization (M = 2.23, SD = 3.00, vs. Mnorm=0.70; SDnorm=14.8, ibd.) (t(570) = 12.18, p <.001”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as Franke et al. 2017
Table 2 (Results > Factorial validity; page unavailable) reports an anxiety mean of 1.09 (SD 2.1), but only for participants aged 25–34 in the representative German sample. Table 1 reports 1.44 (SD 2.59) for the full sample. The cited paper supplies the quoted reference value, but the citing sentence presents an age-specific value as though it described the norm sample overall; the comparison with the citing authors’ sample is their own analysis. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe BSI-18 has a three-factor structure.
“Confirmatory analyses confirm the three-factor structure [48].”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The Abstract Results say confirmatory factor analysis supported the BSI-18’s three scales. However, they also say model fit was good by RMSEA but too low by CFI and TLI; the Results’ Factorial validity section reports those low values. Saying the analyses unqualifiedly ‘confirm’ the structure overstates the mixed fit evidence. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe total sample showed higher depression levels than a norm sample.
“The total sample showed in comparison with a norm sample high levels of each of the three dimensions of depression (M = 4.18; SD = 4.52 vs. Mnorm=1.27; SDnorm=2.5, Franke et al. 2017) (t(570) = 15.40, p <.001), anxiety (M = 3.67; SD = 4.30, vs. Mnorm=1.09; SDnorm=2.1, ibd.) (t(570) = 14.35, p <.001), and somatization (M = 2.23, SD = 3.00, vs. Mnorm=0.70; SDnorm=14.8, ibd.) (t(570) = 12.18, p <.001”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as Franke et al. 2017
The BSI-18 assesses mental stress validly in both normal and clinical populations.
“The BSI-18 assesses validly mental stress in both normal population [48] and clinical populations [49].”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003) · Department of Psychology - University of Koblenz-Landau · doi:10.23668/psycharchives.12784 · Cited by 8,975 · see citing works
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261 · see citing works
Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., Schneider, A., & Brähler, E. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019 · Cited by 2,473 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh levels of untreated distress and fatigue in cancer patients
Carlson, L. E., Angen, M., Cullum, J., Goodey, E., Koopmans, J., Lamont, L., MacRae, J. H., Martin, M., Pelletier, G., Robinson, J., et al. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601887 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: Syndrome overlap and functional impairment
Löwe, B., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Mussell, M., Schellberg, D., & Kroenke, K. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Einführung in die Test- und Fragebogenkonstruktion
Bühner, M. (2008) · doi:10.17877/de290r-6148 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
A New Psychosocial Screening Instrument for Use With Cancer Patients
Zabora, J., Brintzenhofeszoc, K., Jacobsen, P., Curbow, B., Piantadosi, S., Hooker, C., Owens, A., & Derogatis, L. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.3.241 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Umgang mit fehlenden Werten in der psychologischen Forschung
Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., & Köller, O. (2007) · Psychologische Rundschau · doi:10.1026/0033-3042.58.2.103 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Spitzer, C., Hammer, S., Löwe, B., Grabe, H. J., Barnow, S., Rose, M., Wingenfeld, K., Freyberger, H., & Franke, G. H. (2011) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281602 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationRecklitis, C. J., Parsons, S. K., Shih, M.-C., Mertens, A., Robison, L. L., & Zeltzer, L. (2006) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.1.22 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Predictors of paternal involvement for resident and nonresident low-income fathers.
Coley, R. L., & Hernandez, D. C. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1041 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Boscarino, J. A., Adams, R. E., & Figley, C. R. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.05.001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Benefit Finding in Multiple Sclerosis and Associations With Positive and Negative Outcomes.
Pakenham, K. I. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.123 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
PTSD and depression after the Madrid March 11 train bombings
Miguel-Tobal, J. J., Vindel, A. C., Ordí, H. G., Díez, I. I., Rudenstine, S., Vlahov, D., & Galea, S. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20091 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A cross-cultural analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18.
Asner‐Self, K. K., Schreiber, J. B., & Marotta, S. A. (2006) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.367 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Berman, S. L., Weems, C. F., & Stickle, T. R. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9032-y · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Meachen, S.-J., Hanks, R. A., Millis, S. R., & Rapport, L. J. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.028 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Galea, S. (2006) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990500479522 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Der Einsatz des Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) bei Psychotherapiepatienten
Franke, G. H., Ankerhold, A., Haase, M., Jäger, S., Tögel, C., Ulrich, C., & Frommer, J. (2011) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1270518 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationDas Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) als Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung in der Psychotherapie
Geisheim, C., Hahlweg, K., Fiegenbaum, W., Frank, M., Schröder, B., & von Witzleben, I. (2002) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026//0012-1924.48.1.28 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The SCL-90-R, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the BSI-18.
Derogatis, L. R., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2004) · Cited by 107 · see citing works
A Randomized Trial of Two Types of Nurse-Assisted Home Care for Patients With COPD
Coultas, D., Frederick, J., Barnett, B., Singh, G., & Wludyka, P. S. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.4.2017 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
(2008) · PubMed · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ruggiero, K., Resnick, H. S., Acierno, R., Coffey, S., Carpenter, M., Ruscio, A., Stephens, R., Kilpatrick, D., Stasiewicz, P., Roffman, R., et al. (2006) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2005.12.001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 in a Spanish breast cancer sample
Garrido, M. J. G., Ferrandis, E. D., Andreu, Y., Ferrando, M., Murgui, S., Pérez, S., & Ibañez, E. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.009 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Fear of Terrorism and Preparedness in New York City 2 Years After the Attacks
Boscarino, J. A., Adams, R. E., Figley, C. R., Galea, S., & Foa, E. B. (2006) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-200611000-00002 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wang, J., Kelly, B., Booth, B., Falck, R., Leukefeld, C., & Carlson, R. (2009) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.08.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Recklitis, C. J., & Rodriguez, P. (2006) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1069 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Liu, W. M., & Iwamoto, D. K. (2006) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.7.3.153 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Rochlen, A. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2004) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.5.2.147 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Prelow, H. M., Weaver, S. R., Swenson, R. R., & Bowman, M. A. (2005) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20041 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Petkus, A. J., Gum, A. M., Small, B., Malcarne, V. L., Stein, M. B., & Wetherell, J. L. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2377 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Gold, C., Rolvsjord, R., Aarø, L. E., Aarre, T. F., Tjemsland, L., & Stige, B. (2005) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-5-39 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mental Health Needs of Cohabiting Partners of Vietnam Veterans With Combat-Related PTSD
Sherman, M. D., Sautter, F., Lyons, J. A., Manguno‐Mire, G. M., Han, X., Perry, D. M., & Sullivan, G. (2005) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.9.1150 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Franke, G. H. (1999) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026//0012-1924.45.3.147 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety and Depressive Disorders in the Medical Patient
Derogatis, L. R., & Wise, T. N. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ätiologie psychischer Störungen bei chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen
Härter, M. C., & Baumeister, H. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28450-5_1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Anxiety and depressive disorders in the medical patient
Levin, R. L. (1989) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(89)90139-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ätiologie psychischer Störungen bei chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen
Härter, M. C. (2002) · Die Rehabilitation · doi:10.1055/s-2002-36278 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Eignet sich das BSI-18 zur Erfassung der psychischen Belastung von nierentransplantierten Patienten?
Franke, G. H., Jäger, S., Morfeld, M., Salewski, C., Reimer, J., Rensing, A., Witzke, O., & Türk, T. R. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.3233/zmp-2010-19_1_05 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychodiagnostik in der Praxis: State of the Art?
Roth, M., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [14]Derogatis LR BSI-18: Brief Symptom Inventory 18 - Administration, scoring, and procedures manual 2000 Minneapolis NCS Pearson
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shahrour, G., & Dardas, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13124 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Uthaug, M. V., Lancelotta, R., van Oorsouw, K., Kuypers, K. P. C., Mason, N., Rak, J., Šuláková, A., Jurok, R., Maryška, M., Kuchař, M., et al. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05236-w · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Voltmer, E., Köslich-Strumann, S., Walther, A., Kasem, M., Obst, K. U., & Kötter, T. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11295-6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Uthaug, M. V., Mason, N. L., Toennes, S. W., Reckweg, J. T., de Sousa Fernandes Perna, E. B., Kuypers, K. P. C., van Oorsouw, K., Riba, J., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05817-8 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of Two Brief Versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist: HSCL-5 and HSCL-10
Schmalbach, B., Zenger, M., Tibubos, A. N., Kliem, S., Petrowski, K., & Brähler, E. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119860910 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAdams, G. R., Gandhi, W., Harrison, R. N., van Reekum, C. M., Wood-Anderson, D., Gilron, I., & Salomons, T. V. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002830 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Newlove‐Delgado, T., Russell, A. E., Mathews, F., Cross, L., Bryant, E., Gudka, R., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Ford, T. J. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13716 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Braun-Lewensohn, O., Abu-Kaf, S., & Kalagy, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637349 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Kaltenbach, E., Härdtner, E., Hermenau, K., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. R. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1389205 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Internalized stigma, anticipated discrimination and perceived public stigma in adults with ADHD
Masuch, T. V., Bea, M., Alm, B., Deibler, P., & Sobanski, E. (2019) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-018-0274-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hakami, R. M. (2018) · Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_73_17 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sachser, C., Olaru, G., Pfeiffer, E., Brähler, E., Clemens, V., Rassenhofer, M., Witt, A., & Fegert, J. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113954 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Beyond Self-Control: Mechanisms of Hedonic Goal Pursuit and Its Relevance for Well-Being
Bernecker, K., & Becker, D. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167220941998 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Stallmach, A., Kesselmeier, M., Bauer, M. W., Gramlich, J., Finke, K., Fischer, A., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Heutelbeck, A. R. R., Katzer, K., Mutschke, S., et al. (2022) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01733-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tibubos, A. N., Zenger, M., Schmalbach, B., Beutel, M. E., & Brähler, E. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109933 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality
Eichenberg, C., Schneider, R., & Rumpl, H. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05709-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The BSI-18 assesses validly mental stress in both normal population [48] and clinical populations [49].”
BackgroundMentalization and dissociation after adverse childhood experiences
Wagner‐Skacel, J., Riedl, D., Kampling, H., & Lampe, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10787-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Riedl, D., Lampe, A., Exenberger, S., Nolte, T., Trawöger, I., & Beck, T. N. (2020) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Women in Refugee Camps: Which Coping Resources Help Them to Adapt?
Braun‐Lewensohn, O., Abu‐Kaf, S., & Al-Said, H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16203990 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lischke, A., Lemke, D., Neubert, J., Hamm, A. O., & Lotze, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11290-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives Impair Complex Emotion Recognition in Healthy Women
Pahnke, R., Mau‐Moeller, A., Junge, M., Wendt, J., Weymar, M., Hamm, A. O., & Lischke, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.01041 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fierloos, I. N., Windhorst, D. A., Fang, Y., Hosman, C. M. H., Jonkman, H., Crone, M. R., Jansen, W., & Raat, H. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16710-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Petrowski, K., Schmalbach, B., Jagla-Franke, M., Franke, G. H., & Brähler, E. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0631-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationWolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J., Frei, A. K., Studnitz, T., Welkerling, J., Meinzinger, E., Bauer, L. L., Baur, J., Rosenstiel, S., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00069-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kumar, S. A., Edwards, M. E., Grandgenett, H. M., Scherer, L. L., DiLillo, D., & Jaffe, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00554-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the PHQ-9, based on a representative German sample
Kliem, S., Sachser, C., Lohmann, A., Baier, D., Brähler, E., Gündel, H., & Fegert, J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1483782 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kampe, L., Bohn, J., Remmers, C., & Hörz‐Sagstetter, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661948 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perceived information provision and information needs in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Christen, S., Weishaupt, E., Vetsch, J., Rueegg, C. S., Mader, L., Dehler, S., & Michel, G. (2018) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12892 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gawlytta, R., Kesselmeier, M., Scherag, A., Niemeyer, H., Böttche, M., Knaevelsrud, C., & Rosendahl, J. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050305 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rosendahl, J., Kisyova, H., Gawlytta, R., & Scherag, A. (2019) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.06.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review
Maharaj, A. D., Talic, S., Evans, S., Zalcberg, J. R., Neale, R. Ε., Goldstein, D., Merrett, N. D., White, K., Croagh, D. G., Pilgrim, C. H. C., et al. (2019) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2019.09.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Adeyemi, O. J., Gill, T. L., Paul, R., & Huber, L. R. B. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260481 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kerber, A., Gewehr, E., Zimmermann, J., Sachser, C., Fegert, J. M., Knaevelsrud, C., & Spitzer, C. (2023) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1578 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Galvao, D. A., Newton, R. U., Chambers, S. K., Spry, N. A., Joseph, D. J., Gardiner, R. A., Fairman, C. M., & Taaffe, D. R. (2021) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/s41391-021-00327-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Dubois-Comtois, K., Suffren, S., St-Laurent, D., Milot, T., & Lemelin, J.-P. (2021) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000935 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Feil, K., Riedl, D., Böttcher, B., Fuchs, M., Kapelari, K., Gräßer, S., Tóth, B., & Lampe, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134501 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Schaeuffele, C., Homeyer, S. L., Perea, L., Scharf, L., Schulz, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270178 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bauch, J., Hefti, S., Oeltjen, L., Pérez, T., Swenson, C. C., Fürstenau, U., Rhiner, B., & Schmid, M. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105489 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Landa–Blanco, M., Mejía-Suazo, C. J., Landa-Blanco, A. L., Martínez‐Martínez, C. A., Vásquez, D., Vásquez, G., Moraga-Vargas, P., Echenique, Y., Cid, G. M. D., & Montoya, B. D. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113933 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Meditation‐based lifestyle modification in mild to moderate depression—A randomized controlled trial
Bringmann, H. C., Michalsen, A., Jeitler, M., Kessler, C. S., Brinkhaus, B., Brunnhuber, S., & Sedlmeier, P. (2022) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23249 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Riedl, D., Exenberger, S., Daniels, J. K., Böttcher, B., Beck, T. N., Dejaco, D., & Lampe, A. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1654063 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Söderberg, P., & Björkqvist, K. (2019) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1570410 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Schleider, J. L., & Weisz, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1405353 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Physician's Burnout and the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Austria
Kurzthaler, I., Kemmler, G., Holzner, B., & Hofer, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.784131 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Schäfer, S. K., Sopp, M. R., Koch, M., Göritz, A. S., & Michael, T. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sex-Specific Relationships Between Interoceptive Accuracy and Emotion Regulation
Lischke, A., Pahnke, R., Mau‐Moeller, A., Jacksteit, R., & Weippert, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00067 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lassri, D., & Gewirtz‐Meydan, A. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211062994 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Schiller, B., Tönsing, D., Kleinert, T., BOHM, R. M., & Heinrichs, M. (2021) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139165211036991 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Juwono, I. D., Kun, B., Demetrovics, Z., & Urbán, R. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00771-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Łaszewska, A., Schwab, M., Leutner, E., Oberrauter, M., Spiel, G., & Simon, J. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02187-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lampe, A., Riedl, D., Kampling, H., Nolte, T., Kirchhoff, C., Grote, V., Fischer, M. J., & Kruse, J. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2333221 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Schueler, K., Fritz, J., Dorfschmidt, L., van Harmelen, A., Strömer, E., & Wessa, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736147 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nimbi, F. M., Giovanardi, G., Baiocco, R., Tanzilli, A., & Lingiardi, V. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093763 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mullarkey, M. C., & Schleider, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.023 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perceived Discrimination as a Mediator of ACEs and Psychological Distress
Gangamma, R., Tor, S., Whitt, V., Hollie, B., Gao, Q., Stephens, A., Hutchings, R., & Fish, L. S. (2020) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1813656 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Increasing Mentalization to Reduce Maladaptive Defense in Patients With Mental Disorders
Hayden, M. C., Müllauer, P. K., Beyer, K. J. P., Gaugeler, R., Senft, B., Dehoust, M. C., & Andreas, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.637915 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Atanasova, K., Lotter, T., Reindl, W., & Lis, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680878 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gewirtz‐Meydan, A., & Lassri, D. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221118969 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Riedl, D., Kampling, H., Kruse, J., Nolte, T., Labek, K., Kirchhoff, C., Grote, V., Fischer, M. J., Knipel, A., & Lampe, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13010177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of glucose intake on stress reactivity in young, healthy men
von Dawans, B., Zimmer, P., & Domes, G. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105062 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Schulte, B., Schmidt, C. S., Manthey, J., Strada, L., Christensen, S., Cimander, K. F., Görne, H., Khaykin, P., Scherbaum, N., Walcher, S., et al. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa317 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gewirtz‐Meydan, A., & Lassri, D. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105442 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pernicano, P., Wortmann, J. H., & Haynes, K. (2022) · Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy · doi:10.1080/08854726.2022.2032982 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Stability of resilience in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Köhne, S., Engert, V., & Rosendahl, J. (2022) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1560 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Quintana, G. R., Ponce, F. P., Escudero‐Pastén, J., Santibáñez-Palma, J. F., Nagy, L., Koós, M., Kraus, S. W., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., Ballester‐Arnal, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.127 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Starks, T. J., MacDonell, K. K., Pennar, A. L., Dinaj-Koci, V., Millar, B. M., & Naar, S. (2020) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-020-02848-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Geiling, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Böttche, M., & Stammel, N. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2046954 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Corpas, J., Moriana, J. A., Martínez, J. F. V., & Gálvez‐Lara, M. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.11.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hülquist, J., Fangerau, N., Thomasius, R., & Paschke, K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159495 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lischke, A., Weippert, M., Mau‐Moeller, A., Päschke, S., Jacksteit, R., Hamm, A. O., & Pahnke, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.01040 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Meaningful Relationships in Community and Clinical Samples: Their Importance for Mental Health
Block, V. J., Haller, E., Villanueva, J., Meyer, A. H., Benoy, C., Walter, M., Lang, U. E., & Gloster, A. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.832520 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Harwood‐Gross, A., Stern, N., & Brom, D. (2023) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12917 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Psychological distress among low-income mothers: the role of public and private safety nets
Radey, M. D., McWey, L. M., & Cui, M. (2019) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2019.1700586 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Warschburger, P., Calvano, C., Becker, S., Ebinger, F., Hudert, C. A., Iven, E., Posovszky, C., Winter, S.-M., Daubmann, A., Ozga, A., et al. (2021) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001191 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Changes in the Prevalence of Thin Bodies Bias Young Women’s Judgments About Body Size
Devine, S., Germain, N., Ehrlich, S., & Eppinger, B. (2022) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976221082941 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ward, K. P., Shaw, S. A., Chang, M., & El‐Bassel, N. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22324 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Braun‐Lewensohn, O., Abu‐Kaf, S., & Kalagy, T. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.864 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Weippert, M., Rickler, M., Kluck, S., Behrens, K., Bastian, M., Mau‐Moeller, A., Bruhn, S., & Lischke, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00268 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the GAD-7, based on a representative German sample
Kliem, S., Sachser, C., Lohmann, A., Baier, D., Brähler, E., Fegert, J. M., & Gündel, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1526181 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Vorn, R., Edwards, K. A., Hentig, J., Yun, S., Kim, H., Lai, C., Devoto, C., Yarnell, A. M., Polejaeva, E., Dell, K. C., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030690 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sibilia, F., Custer, R. M., Andrei Irimia, A., Sepehrband, F., Toga, A. W., Cabeen, R. P., Adeoye, O. M., Badjatia, N., Bodien, Y. G., Bullock, M. R., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Michel, G., Baenziger, J., Brodbeck, J., Mader, L., Kuehni, C. E., & Roser, K. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305192 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kerber, A., Schaeuffele, C., Krieger, T., Urech, A., Riper, H. M., Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648367 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Murray, C. B., Bartlett, A., Meyyappan, A., Palermo, T. M., Aaron, R. V., & Rabbitts, J. A. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2021.2009334 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Martínez, P., Peiró, A. C., Vaíllo, Y. A., & Garrido, M. J. G. (2019) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.14349/rlp.2019.v51.n1.1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Helminen, E. C., Scheer, J. R., Ash, T. L., Haik, A. K., & Felver, J. C. (2023) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2022.0079 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McPhail, I. V., & Stephens, S. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-02842-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Longitudinal analysis of happiness changes in nature-based travel
Jung, S.-S., Shin, H., & Lee, H. (2025) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2025.104017 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Stress and Trauma Among Nurses in Development (STAND): A Descriptive Study
Gilroy, H., Anderson, K. S., Berry, D. M., Hirsch, S. A., Makiya, D. J., & Ratcliff, C. G. (2024) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2352588 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Interoceptive accuracy is associated with emotional contagion in a valence- and sex-dependent manner
Lischke, A., Weippert, M., Mau‐Moeller, A., Jacksteit, R., & Pahnke, R. (2019) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2019.1690573 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Associated factors of distress in patients with advanced cancer: A retrospective study
Huertas, L. A., Allende‐Pérez, S., & Pastrana, T. (2020) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951520001066 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare
Wijk, C. H. V., Martin, J. H., & Maree, D. J. F. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1895 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Akintunde, T. Y., Chen, S., Isangha, S. O., & Qi, D. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.15 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Evaluating the Role of Infrastructure Components and Demographics on Social Capital in Refugee Camps
Ward, M., Poleacovschi, C., Faust, K. M., Weems, C. F., & Gabiam, N. (2020) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000754 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kalagy, T., Braun‐Lewensohn, O., & Abu‐Kaf, S. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116491 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effect of Yoga involvement on mental health in times of crisis: A cross-sectional study
Bös, C., Gaiswinkler, L., Fuchshuber, J., Schwerdtfeger, A. R., & Unterrainer, . (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096848 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Unterrainer, . (2023) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel14070882 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Santel, M., Beblo, T., Neuner, F., Berg, M., Hennig‐Fast, K., Jobes, D. A., & Drießen, M. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02589-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lehmann, K., Kühn, S., Baschirotto, C., Jacobsen, B., Walcher, S., Görne, H., Backmund, M., Scherbaum, N., Reimer, J., & Verthein, U. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108350 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Miaja Ávila, M., & De la Rubia, J. M. (1970) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/psic.57088 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Franke, G. H., Jaeger, S., Glaesmer, H., Barkmann, C., Petrowski, K., & Braehler, E.
- Affiliations
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- German Sport University Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Franke, Gabriele Helga
- Venue
- BMC Medical Research Methodology
- Published
- 2017-01-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-14
- ISSN
- 1471-2288 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5270206
- OpenAlex
- W2579974238
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 15.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Medical Research Methodology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- Brief Symptom Inventory-18, psychological distress, somatization, depression, anxiety, Global Severity Index, SCL-90-R, factor structure, internal consistency, German population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Somatoform Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
