Heat stress enhances mTOR signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated the effect of heat stress (HS) on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling involved in translation initiation after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Eight young male subjects performed four sets of six maximal repetitions of knee extension exercises, with or without HS, in a randomized crossover design. HS was applied to the belly of the vastus lateralis by using a microwave therapy unit prior to and during exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. HS significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 at 1 h after exercise (P < 0.05), and the 4E-BP1 phosphorylation level, which had initially decreased with exercise, had recovered by 1 h after exercise with HS. In addition, the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 was significantly increased immediately after exercise with HS (P < 0.05). These results indicate that HS enhances mTOR signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.
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Heat exposure has inconsistent evidence regarding its ability to enhance ribosome biogenesis.
“Heat exposure remains speculative, with inconsistent evidence regarding its ability to enhance ribosome biogenesis [170].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [170]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes differing findings on heat stress and muscle hypertrophy, while the Discussion (page unavailable) reports ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and discusses translation initiation. Neither passage addresses whether heat enhances ribosome biogenesis or whether evidence for that outcome is inconsistent; searches for ribosome biogenesis and ribosomal RNA found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Muñoz López, M., López-Gil, J. F., Ramírez de la piscina Viúdez, X., Baz-Valle, E., & Tornero Aguilera, J. F. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15111041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Heat exposure remains speculative, with inconsistent evidence regarding its ability to enhance ribosome biogenesis [170].”
- Authors
- Kakigi, R., Naito, H., Ogura, Y., Kobayashi, H., Saga, N., Ichinoseki-Sekine, N., Yoshihara, T., & Katamoto, S.
- Affiliations
- Juntendo University (JP)
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine (JP)
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-140
- ISSN
- 1880-6546 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10717825
- OpenAlex
- W2057330595
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiological Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21300238)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- heat stress, mTOR signaling, resistance training, skeletal muscle, translation initiation, Akt phosphorylation, ribosomal protein S6, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, vastus lateralis, microwave treatment
- MeSH terms
- Hot Temperature, Humans, Male, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Cell Cycle Proteins, Heat-Shock Response, Sirolimus, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Ribosomal Protein S6, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Resistance Training, Young Adult, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases
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