Tea drinking and cognitive function in oldest-old Chinese
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We examined the longitudinal association between tea drinking frequency and cognitive function in a large sample of oldest-old Chinese. DESIGN: population-based longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). PARTICIPANTS: 7139 participants aged 80 to 115 (mean age 91.4 years) who provided complete data at baseline (year 1998). MEASUREMENTS: Current frequency of tea drinking and past frequency at age 60 were ascertained at baseline, and baseline and follow-up cognitive assessments were performed in the years 1998 (n=7139), 2000 (n=4081), 2002 (n=2288) and 2005 (n=913) respectively. Verbal fluency test was used as measure of cognitive function. RESULTS: Tea drinking was associated at baseline with higher mean (SD) verbal fluency scores: daily=10.7 (6.6), occasional=9.2 (5.8), non-drinker=9.0 (5.5). In linear mixed effects model that adjusted for age, gender, years of schooling, physical exercise and activities score, the regression coefficient for daily drinking (at age 60) and occasional drinking was 0.72 (P<0.0001) and 0.41(P=0.01) respectively. Tea drinkers had higher verbal fluency scores throughout the follow-up period but concurrently had a steeper slope of cognitive decline as compared with non-drinkers (coefficient for the interaction term Time*Daily drinking= -0.12, P=0.02; "Time" was defined as the time interval from baseline to follow-up assessments in years). Similar results were found for current tea drinking status at study baseline year (1998) as predictor variable. CONCLUSION: Regular tea drinking is associated with better cognitive function in oldest-old Chinese.
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Of 11 cohort studies, positive findings for caffeine consumption pertained to 3 (27.3%).
“Of 11 cohort studies, positive findings pertained to 3 (27.3%) [163,164,175]”
From Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [175]
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Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Gu, D., Feng, Q., Chen, H., & Zeng, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_968 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationOkello, E. J., Abadi, A. M., & Abadi, S. A. (2015) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830515y.0000000008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Iqubal, A., Rahman, S. O., Ahmed, M., Bansal, P., Haider, M. R., Iqubal, M. K., Najmi, A. K., Pottoo, F. H., & Haque, S. E. (2020) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450121999201209201004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dietary Approaches and Supplements in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer';s Disease
Dominguez, L. J., & Barbagallo, M. (2016) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612822666151204000733 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Tea contains diverse bioactive compounds, such as EGCG, L-theanine, and caffeine, which have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that may be neuroprotective [100, 101].”
BackgroundA novel technology to reduce astringency of tea polyphenols extract and its mechanism
Wan, J., Yu, L., Zhang, Y., Yan, X., Liu, S., Li, N., & Zhang, D. (2021) · Chinese Herbal Medicines · doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2021.05.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Some studies have found that elderly people who have tea drinking habits have a better quality of life than those who do not drink tea (Ide et al., 2014; Feng et al., 2012; Qiu, Sautter & Gu, 2012).”
BackgroundClinical benefits of green tea consumption for cognitive dysfunction
Ide, K., & Yamada, H. (2015) · PharmaNutrition · doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2015.07.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zeng, Y., Chen, H., Ni, T., Ruan, R., Nie, C., Liu, X., Feng, L., Zhang, F., Lu, J., Li, J., et al. (2015) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2015.1737 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The 23 provinces where CLHLS has been conducted cover about 85% of the total population of China.”
Self-citationNo Effects of Black Tea on Cognitive Decline Among Older US Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Feng, L., Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group, Langsetmo, L., Yaffe, K. S., Sun, Y., Fink, H. A., Shikany, J. M., Leung, P., Lane, N. E., & Cauley, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180103 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“To date, human evidence has emerged from populations with an established tea-drinking culture such as Singapore [2–4], Japan [5–7], and China [8] where non-fermented (green) and partially fermented (oolong) tea are widely consumed.”
Self-citationFeng, L., Chong, M.-S., Lim, W. S., Lee, T., Kua, E. H., & Ng, T.-P. (2015) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2015.57 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Green Tea Extract on Working Memory in Healthy Women
Liu, Y., Fly, A. D., Wang, Z., & Klaunig, J. E. (2017) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0962-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Tea consumption has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of neurocognitive disorders in older adults (12-14).”
BackgroundHaque, S. E., Iqubal, A., Iqubal, M. K., Fazal, S. A., & Pottoo, F. H. (2021) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467214666210309115605 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Prevention of brain aging by green tea components: Role of catechins and theanine
Unno, K. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.5.117 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gao, T., Han, S., Mo, G., Sun, Q., Zhang, M., & Liu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.916791 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Tea consumption was defined by the answer to the question, “how often do you drink tea at present?” The responses included daily, occasionally, rarely, or never (33).”
BackgroundIkar, M., & Sable, S. (2023) · Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry · doi:10.22271/phyto.2023.v12.i2c.14660 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“That tea drinking may have a protective effect on cognitive function in the oldest-old Chinese population ([37]).”
BackgroundYu, L., Yang, M., Ye, K. X., Li, C., Zou, M., Wang, J., Yuan, X., Zheng, D., Sun, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2024.22 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“According to the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), tea consumption is associated with better cognitive function in the oldest-old Chinese (4).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPrevention of Alzheimer's Disease in Chinese Populations: Status, Challenges and Directions
Feng, L., Li, J., Yu, J., Zhang, C., Yang, B., Vellas, B. J., & Li, C. (2018) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2018.14 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The study is based on growing evidence of cognitive benefits of tea drinking (56-61) and will involve collaborators from the Europe (Bruno Vellas) and the U.”
Self-citationSukik, L., Liu, J., & Shi, Z. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220344 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Potential of Asian Natural Products for Health in Aging
Cheung, B., Kwan, M., Chan, R., Sea, M. M.-M., & Woo, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801816-3.00047-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chen, W., Zhang, J., Chen, N., Zhou, X., & Tang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269675 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Caffeinated Beverages, Behavior, and Brain Structure
Onaolapo, O. J., & Onaolapo, A. Y. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815864-7.00005-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Gu, D., Feng, Q., Chen, H., & Zeng, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_968-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationShi, M., Cao, L., Liu, H., Zhou, Y., Zhao, Y., & Xia, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.845053 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities
Hou, K., Chen, Y., Chen, T., Sun, Y., Wen, L., Yip, P., Chu, Y., Chiou, J., & Chen, J. (2024) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Habitual Tea and Coffee Consumption and Mean Reaction Time Among Qatari Adults
Heggy, A. J., Masoumi, A. A., Alyafei, M. S., Albader, F. S., Al-Abdi, T., & Shi, Z. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215130 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shah, A. J., Mir, P. A., Adnan, M., Patel, M. B., Maqbool, M., Mir, R. H., & Masoodi, M. H. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05662 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Does incipient dementia explain normal cognitive decline determinants? Lothian birth cohort 1921.
Sibbett, R., Russ, T. C., Pattie, A., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2018) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000241 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…participants who went on to develop dementia during an extended period of follow-up are rarer (Bretsky, Guralnik, Launer, Albert, & Seeman, 2003; Feng et al., 2012; Fillenbaum et al., 2001; Fitzpatrick et al., 2007; Praetorius, Thorvaldsson, Hassing, & Johansson, 2013; Small, Dixon, McArdle, &…”
BackgroundPolyphenols for Brain and Cognitive Health
Cox, K., & Scholey, A. B. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118883303.ch12 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Gu, D., Feng, Q., Chen, H., & Zeng, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_968-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of chronic bubble tea administration on behavior and cognition in C57BL/6 mice
Yao, Y., Shi, S., Yang, Y., Luo, B., Li, M., Zhang, L., Yuan, X., Liu, H., & Zhang, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044052 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tea and the Cognitive Function of Elderly People
Feng, L., Ng, T.-P., Kua, E. H., & Preedy, V. R. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384937-3.00111-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationShirai, Y., Kuriki, K., Otsuka, R., Kato, Y., Nishita, Y., Tange, C., Tomida, M., Imai, T., Ando, F., & Shimokata, H. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.18999/nagjms.81.4.655 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dietary Components and Nutritional Strategies for Dementia Prevention in the Elderly
Cao, X., Xu, W., Wang, Z.-T., Tan, L., & Yu, J.-T. (2023) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205020666230609155932 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neuroactive herbal agents for cognitive dysfunction
Awathale, S. N., Dhoble, L. R., Itankar, P. R., Raut, N. A., & Kokare, D. M. (2021) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819489-8.00002-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Gu, D., Feng, Q., Chen, H., & Zeng, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_968-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationZou, M., Sun, C., Yang, M., Li, C., Wang, S., Zheng, D., Wang, J., Yu, L., Sun, L., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.807 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationFeng, L., Ng, T. P., Kua, E. H., Lee, T.-S. W., & Preedy, V. R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407824-6.00083-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Bioactive Components of Green Tea on Alzheimer's Disease
Ide, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kawakami, K., & Yamada, H. (2018) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64058-1.00005-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Gu, D., Feng, Q., Chen, H., & Zeng, Y. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_968-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMa, Y., Zhu, Y., Hong, D., Zhao, H., & Li, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1233664 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Alzheimer's disease
Xicota, L., & de la Torre, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815868-5.00050-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevention of Dementia Through Modifiable Risk Factors
Srisuwan, P. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118840634.ch15
Tea consumption and mental health in ageing: findings from ethnic Chinese populations.
Lei, F. (2013) · Chaye kexue
Zeng, Y., Cheng, L., Ruan, R., & Chen, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4154-2_18
Self-citationA Scoping Review on Delaying Cognitive Decline and Dementia with Aging
Shan, J. (2024) · Transactions on Materials Biotechnology and Life Sciences · doi:10.62051/rfzyn687
“And people who drink tea on a daily basis decrease in their verbal fluency score the most fast from their baseline, although continuously outperforming nondrinkers at all time points [2].”
BackgroundTea, energy metabolism, and the satiety responses
de Faria, N. C., Soares, A. P. D. C., Preedy, V. R., & Anastácio, L. R. (2024) · Tea in Health and Disease Prevention · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-14158-4.00032-4
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“Data in this study were collected from an extensive sample of older Chinese people aged 64 – 105 years who belonged to the same ethnic group of Han Chinese in the 2002 initial baseline interview of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).”
InfluentialSelf-citationImprovement effect of Biluochun tea active extract on CCl4-induced acute liver injury
Zhou, X., She, F., Yi, R., Liu, J., Li, C., Zhao, X., & Wang, P. (2025) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-025-01916-w
“These bioactive compounds have demonstrated beneficial effects in areas such as antimicrobial activity, weight management, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential anticancer properties (Feng et al., 2012; Zeng et al., 2022).”
Tea and cognitive health in aging: Current evidence and future directions
Zhang, K., Li, C., Wang, S., Ye, K. X., Yu, L., Cheah, I. K.-M., Chao, Y., & Sun, L. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050137
“To date, evidence has emerged from populations with established tea-drinking habits such as Singapore, [4–6] Japan [7,8] and China [9] where green tea and oolong tea are the main types of tea consumed.”
- Authors
- Feng, L., Li, J., Ng, T.-P., Lee, T.-S., Kua, E.-H., & Zeng, Y.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feng, Lei
- Venue
- The Journal of nutrition, health and aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 754-758
- ISSN
- 1279-7707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3675265
- OpenAlex
- W2035141129
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The journal of nutrition health & aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG023627)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- tea consumption, cognitive function, oldest old, cognitive decline, verbal fluency, Chinese older adults, longevity, beverage consumption
- MeSH terms
- Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Drinking Behavior, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phytotherapy, Tea, Geriatric Assessment, Camellia sinensis, Plant Preparations, Asian People
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