CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 145Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionMind wandering and attention

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Phenomenological Fingerprints of Four Meditations: Differential State Changes in Affect, Mind-Wandering, Meta-Cognition, and Interoception Before and After Daily Practice Across 9 Months of Training

Open access
Kok, Bethany E., Singer, Tania·2017·Mindfulness
DOI 10.1007/s12671-016-0594-9PMC PMC5241345
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Despite increasing interest in the effects of mental training practices such as meditation, there is much ambiguity regarding whether and to what extent the various types of mental practice have differential effects on psychological change. To address this gap, we compare the effects of four common meditation practices on measures of state change in affect, mind-wandering, meta-cognition, and interoception. In the context of a 9-month mental training program called the ReSource Project, 229 mid-life adults (mean age 41) provided daily reports before and after meditation practice. Participants received training in the following three successive modules: the first module (presence) included breathing meditation and body scan, the second (affect) included loving-kindness meditation, and the third (perspective) included observing-thought meditation. Using multilevel modeling, we found that body scan led to the greatest state increase in interoceptive awareness and the greatest decrease in thought content, loving-kindness meditation led to the greatest increase in feelings of warmth and positive thoughts about others, and observing-thought meditation led to the greatest increase in meta-cognitive awareness. All practices, including breathing meditation, increased positivity of affect, energy, and present focus and decreased thought distraction. Complementary network analysis of intervariate relationships revealed distinct phenomenological clusters of psychological change congruent with the content of each practice. These findings together suggest that although different meditation practices may have common beneficial effects, each practice can also be characterized by a distinct short-term psychological fingerprint, the latter having important implications for the use of meditative practices in different intervention contexts and with different populations.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12671-016-0594-9

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Study design, timeline, and day-to-day meditation measures. A fourth question block requesting that participants free-write about their mental state was also included in the design but is not discussed here. Section A adapted with permission from Singer et al. (2016), p. 36, Figure 4.1, with the timelines for control groups and long-term follow-ups removed
Fig. 1 Study design, timeline, and day-to-day meditation measures. A fourth question block requesting that participants free-write about their mental state was also included in the design but is not discussed here. Section A adapted with permission from Singer et al. (2016), p. 36, Figure 4.1, with the timelines for control groups and long-term follow-ups removedCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Estimates and 95 % confidence intervals for model-derived state changes in the four mental training practices of training cohorts 1 and 2
Fig. 2 Estimates and 95 % confidence intervals for model-derived state changes in the four mental training practices of training cohorts 1 and 2CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Partial correlation structures for each mental training practice combined across TC1 and TC2. Amount of change is represented by relative circle size and corresponds to the estimates in Table 2. Paths between circles represent the significant partial correlations, with solid lines representing positive and dashed lines representing negative correlations. Variables without significant correlations are not shown
Fig. 3 Partial correlation structures for each mental training practice combined across TC1 and TC2. Amount of change is represented by relative circle size and corresponds to the estimates in Table 2. Paths between circles represent the significant partial correlations, with solid lines representing positive and dashed lines representing negative correlations. Variables without significant correlations are not shownCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Model-derived state change estimates for loving-kindness meditation for training cohorts 1, 2, and 3. The error bars represent the person-level standard errors. The stars represent change significantly different from zero
Fig. 4 Model-derived state change estimates for loving-kindness meditation for training cohorts 1, 2, and 3. The error bars represent the person-level standard errors. The stars represent change significantly different from zeroCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Partial correlation structures for each TC3. Amount of change is represented by relative circle size. Paths between circles represent the significant partial correlations, with solid lines representing positive and dashed lines representing negative correlations. Variables without significant correlations are not shown
Fig. 5 Partial correlation structures for each TC3. Amount of change is represented by relative circle size. Paths between circles represent the significant partial correlations, with solid lines representing positive and dashed lines representing negative correlations. Variables without significant correlations are not shownCC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 36 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 145

Related

Metadata

Authors
Kok, B. E., & Singer, T.
Affiliations
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
Corresponding author
Kok, Bethany E.
ORCID
Singer, Tania
Venue
Mindfulness
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-08-19
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
218-231
ISSN
  • 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
  • 1868-8535
DOI
10.1007/s12671-016-0594-9
PMC
PMC5241345
OpenAlex
W2518497773
Cited by
144
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9
FWCI
16.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2016-10-22)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
European Research Council (BE) (ERC-2007-StG)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Keywords
meditation, mindfulness training, affect, mind wandering, metacognition, interoception, interoceptive awareness, loving-kindness meditation, body scanning, breathing meditation, resource projects, middle-aged adults, psychological change, positive affect

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review