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Compassion for Others and Self-Compassion: Levels, Correlates, and Relationship with Psychological Well-being
Open accessAbstract
Compassion for others and self-compassion are assumed to be closely related concepts. Yet, as they have been mostly studied separately, little is known about their relationship and to what extent they differ or resemble each other with respect to their correlates. This cross-sectional study aimed to gain knowledge on their mean levels, interrelationship, and relationships to psychological well-being and demographic factors. A community sample of 328 adults completed a series of standardized self-report questionnaires to assess compassion for others, self-compassion, depressive symptoms, negative affect, and positive affect. Results showed that compassion for others and self-compassion were not significantly related. Self-compassion was more strongly related to negative and positive indicators of affect than compassion for others. Compassion for others was higher in women than in men, and in low educated individuals compared to higher educated individuals. In contrast, self-compassion was lower in low educated individuals. Future research can build up on these findings to enlarge the understanding of how compassion for others and self-compassion relate and differ from each other.
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“Findings related to the relationship between compassion for others and mental health are markedly different from findings related to self-compassion and psychopathology, and in line with previous research [13].”
From Validation of the compassionate engagement and action scales, compassion scale, and Sussex-Oxford compassion scales in a French-Canadian sample (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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“…we expected self-compassion to be significantly related to depressive symptoms, negative affect, and positive affect (MacBeth and Gumley 2012; Neff 2003a; Neff et al. 2007), and compassion for others to be significantly related to positive affect (Jazaieri et al. 2014; Mongrain et al. 2011).”
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“…to large, between self-compassion and mindfulness, positive mental health, and well-being (e.g., Durkin, Beaumont, Martin, & Carson, 2016; López et al., 2018; Neff, 2003; Pommier, 2010), but no such relationships between compassion for others and these constructs (e.g., Durkin et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKirby, J. N., Day, J., & Sagar, V. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.03.001 · Cited by 232
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The relationship of compassion and self-compassion with personality and emotional intelligence
Fabio, A. D., & Saklofske, D. H. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110109 · Cited by 186
Lee, E., Govind, T., Ramsey, M., Wu, T. C., Daly, R., Liu, J., Tu, X. M., Paulus, M. P., Thomas, M. L., & Jeste, D. V. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01491-8 · Cited by 157
Muris, P., van den Broek, M., Otgaar, H., Oudenhoven, I., & Lennartz, J. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1099-z · Cited by 122
“Besides the present findings, there is an increasing number of recent empirical studies showing that the positive and negative subscales of the SCS are totally different by nature (e.g., Brenner et al. 2017; Coroiu et al. 2018; Lopez et al. 2018).”
How Other- and Self-Compassion Reduce Burnout through Resource Replenishment
Schabram, K., & Heng, Y. T. (2021) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2019.0493 · Cited by 131
Chio, F. H. N., Mak, W. W. S., & Yu, B. C. L. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101986 · Cited by 135
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“We believe combinations of first-, second, and third-person compassion measures would help solidify our understanding of how compassion for self relates to compassion for others (López et al., 2018).”
BackgroundA Close Examination of the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms
López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0891-6 · Cited by 103
“This suggests that the strong relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms suggested in previous studies (e.g., MacBeth and Gumley 2012), could be mainly accounted for by the SCS negative items that measure a hard and cold response to the self, that is, the exact opposite of…”
BackgroundSelf-citationKotera, Y., Laethem, M. V., & Ohshima, R. (2020) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-02-2020-0055 · Cited by 110
Mindfulness and Compassion as Key Factors in Improving teacher’s Well Being
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Marshall, S., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P. D., & Sahdra, B. K. (2019) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12492 · Cited by 96
A model for cognitively-based compassion training: theoretical underpinnings and proposed mechanisms
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Matos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S. R., Ferreira, N., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Márquez, M. G., et al. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01822-2 · Cited by 82
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Kotera, Y., Green, P., & Sheffield, D. (2019) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/jwop2019a15 · Cited by 78
“It is noteworthy to highlight that training ought to focus on self-compassion (rather than compassion for others) because self-compassion was not related to compassion for others: further, compassion for others was not related to mental health (López et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPhillips, W. J. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00452-1 · Cited by 73
Okoli, C. T. C., Seng, S., Otachi, J. K., Higgins, J. T., Lawrence, J. N., Lykins, A., & Bryant, E. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12682 · Cited by 61
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Eccles, F. J. R., Sowter, N., Spokes, T., Zarotti, N., & Simpson, J. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2037743 · Cited by 54
Compassion for self versus other: A critical review of compassion training research
Quaglia, J. T., Soisson, A., & Simmer‐Brown, J. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1805502 · Cited by 62
“One out-growth of this challenge has been the uniquely modern division of compassion into self-versus other-compassion (Neff, 2012; López et al., 2018; Zeng et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMatos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S. R., Ferreira, N. B., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Gregório, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2601 · Cited by 59
“For example, one might be able to be compassionate towards others yet struggle with being self-compassionate (Lopez et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-compassion and Adolescents’ Positive and Negative Cognitive Reactions to Daily Life Problems
Muris, P., Otgaar, H., Meesters, C. M. G., Heutz, A., & van den Hombergh, M. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01353-4 · Cited by 47
“Moreover, compassionate and uncompassionate selfresponding components in the SCS have been demonstrated to relate in a different way to external constructs (e.g., Brenner et al. 2017; Brenner et al. 2018; Coroiu et al. 2018; Lopez et al. 2018; Neff et al. 2018a, 2018b).”
BackgroundMey, L. K., Wenzel, M., Morello, K., Rowland, Z., Kubiak, T., & Tüscher, O. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02050-y · Cited by 49
Luo, X., Che, X., & Li, H. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100343 · Cited by 41
Matos, M., Duarte, C., Duarte, J., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Petrocchi, N., & Gilbert, P. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01717-2 · Cited by 46
Matos, M., Palmeira, L., Albuquerque, I., Cunha, M. I. V. A., de Lima, M. P., Galhardo, A. B., Maratos, F. A., & Gilbert, P. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01778-3 · Cited by 44
“, 2017), in the sense that one might find it difficult to be self-compassionate but be able to be compassionate towards others (Lopez et al., 2018).”
BackgroundToper, A., Sellman, E. M., & Joseph, S. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00989-6 · Cited by 36
“Likewise, Lopez et al. (2018) showed that compassion for others and self-compassion were only weakly and not statistically significantly correlated.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-compassion in undergraduate nursing: an integrative review
Hagerman, L.-A., Manankil‐Rankin, L., & Schwind, J. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship · doi:10.1515/ijnes-2020-0021 · Cited by 38
“We also agree with the literature (Andrews et al., 2020; Barratt, 2017; Burridge et al., 2017; Gustin & Wagner, 2013; Hofmeyer et al., 2018; López et al., 2018; Raab, 2014; Rao & Kemper, 2017; Simmonds, 2015; Sinclair et al., 2017) that curricular strategies that support self-compassion prepare…”
ResultKirby, J. N., & Gilbert, P. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1088-8 · Cited by 34
Steindl, S. R., Yiu, R. X. Q., Baumann, T., & Matos, M. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12433 · Cited by 44
García-Campayo, J., Barceló-Soler, A., Martínez-Rubio, D., Navarrete, J., Pérez-Aranda, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Luciano, J. V., Baer, R., Kuyken, W., & Montero-Marin, J. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231203966 · Cited by 35
“However, most studies seem to point out that compassion for others is not significantly correlated with these variables (Beaumont et al., 2016; A. Lo´pez et al., 2018), or not as much as self-compassion (Tendhar et al., 2022).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPohl, S., Steuwe, C., Mainz, V., Drießen, M., & Beblo, T. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23070 · Cited by 39
Schussler, D. L., DeWeese, A., Rasheed, D. S., DeMauro, A. A., Fosco, S. L. D., Brown, J. L., Greenberg, M. T., & Jennings, P. A. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01228-1 · Cited by 34
“Although correlations between selfcompassion and compassion for others are weak (López et al. 2018), there is evidence that medical students and psychotherapists with higher self-compassion are more likely to exhibit compassionate behaviors to those in their care after exposure to an MB…”
BackgroundProfiles of self‐compassion and psychological outcomes in cancer patients
Wei, L., Xie, J., Wu, L., Yao, J., Zhu, L., & Liu, A. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5931 · Cited by 30
“This finding is consistent with a previous study showing that self‐compassion is significantly positively associated with age.(27) This association between self‐ compassion and age may be due to better emotional regulation in TAB L E 3 Comparisons on sociodemographic and medical variables between the five profiles of…”
ResultCoutts, J. J., Al‐Kire, R. L., & Weidler, D. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286992 · Cited by 40
“Accordingly, depressive symptomatology is inversely associated with self-compassion [1, 6].”
BackgroundSelf-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Croft, R. L., & Byrd, C. T. (2020) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055 · Cited by 33
“Beyond the stuttering literature, studies conducted in other populations suggest that level of education (López et al., 2018) and overall mental well-being (Durkin et al., 2016) are associated with self-compassion levels and associated quality of life outcomes.”
BackgroundThe Impact of Work Environment on Nurses’ Compassion: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
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From Compassion to Self-Compassion: a Text-Historical Perspective
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Relationship of compassion for self and others to sense of well-being of college students
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“This means that flows of compassion can coexist and impact one another, and they can also be assessed independently [9].”
BackgroundCompassion as a transdiagnostic target to reduce mental health symptoms and promote well-being
Kirby, J. N. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00422-4 · Cited by 32
“However, receiving compassion and self-compassion are typically only weakly associated with showing compassion to others 10,11 .”
Hidding, M., Veling, W., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., & van der Stouwe, E. C. D. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104466 · Cited by 29
Kariyawasam, L., Ononaiye, M. S. P., Irons, C., & Kirby, S. E. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2022.10 · Cited by 26
“Due to the scarcity of cross-cultural studies and ambiguity of the theoretical associations of the concepts discussed above (Gilbert, 2005 a ; Neff et al ., 2008; López et al ., 2018), no firm directional hypotheses were constructed.”
Beshai, S., Mishra, S., Feeney, J. R., Summerfield, T., Hembroff, C. C., & Krätzig, G. P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19105926 · Cited by 30
“Furthermore, both of the examined protective factors have been found to instigate a cascade of other mechanisms, such as lower rumination [51], and as partially demonstrated in this trial, increased positive emotions [52], and improved attentional regulation [53], which could explain both improved mental health and hi…”
BackgroundKirby, J. N., & Baldwin, S. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0989-9 · Cited by 29
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“Therefore it is unclear whether our findings apply to other groups of cancer patients, such as people with a vocational education, for whom rates of self-compassion have been found to be lower than for people with a theoretical education (López et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-Compassion and Compassion for Others: A Multiple Mediation Study of Personal Values
Jane, E., Serlachius, A. S., Cavadino, A., Kirby, J. N., & Consedine, N. S. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02202-8 · Cited by 24
“While some studies have failed to find links between self-and other-focused compassion (López et al., 2018), others suggest a positive association between these two constructs (e.g., Neff & Pommier, 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMantelou, A., & Karakasidou, E. (2019) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2019.103021 · Cited by 20
Compassionate Embodied Virtual Experience Increases the Adherence to Meditation Practice
Navarrete, J., Martínez-Sanchis, M., Bellosta‐Batalla, M., Baños, R., Cebolla, A., & Herrero, R. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11031276 · Cited by 21
Alcaraz‐Córdoba, A., Fernández, M. D. R., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Ventura‐Miranda, M. I., Garcia-Navarro, E. B., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05618-0 · Cited by 20
“…compassion; however, there is currently a debate about the link between both concepts (Strauss et al., 2016), with disparate results: a significant relationship (Rashid et al., 2020); a not very significant relationship (Elices et al., 2017); and a non-significant relationship (López et al., 2018).”
Dixson, D. D., Anderson, C. L., & Keltner, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Well-Being Assessment · doi:10.1007/s41543-019-00015-y · Cited by 21
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“Moreover, self-compassion is associated with a natural desire to learn (Neff et al., 2007) and positive mental health outcomes such as reduced stress, depression, anxiety and higher life satisfaction (López et al., 2018).”
Brief Compassion-Focused Imagery Dampens Physiological Pain Responses
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“, self-compassion associated with less psychopathology in low-risk groups, including community and collegiate samples) and suggests both a preventive and interventive therapeutic role for self-compassion (Kaniuka et al., 2019; López et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultBruk, A., Scholl, S., & Bless, H. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211031080 · Cited by 11
“…link between self-compassion and compassion for others (Fuochi et al., 2018; Neff & Pommier, 2013), several studies failed to detect such a relationship (Barnard & Curry, 2011; Beresford, 2016; Leary et al., 2007; López et al., 2018) or even found a reverse correlation (Mills et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultKim, J., & Seo, J.-W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.744481 · Cited by 15
Karakasidou, E., Raftopoulou, G., & Stalikas, A. (2020) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.25344 · Cited by 16
“On the contrary, feminine gender norms, such as prioritization of relationships and care for others, relate more to higher levels of compassion towards others than self-compassion (Lopez et al., 2018; Neff, 2003b; Neff and McGehee, 2010; Neff & Pommier, 2013; Raes, 2010; Yarnell et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKarras, M., Delhomme, P., & Csillik, A. S. (2023) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2023.107373 · Cited by 15
Oliveira, S., Rosado, A. F. B., Cunha, M. I. V. A., & Ferreira, C. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1907763 · Cited by 17
“Several studies have shown that compassion has a positive impact on physical, psychological and social well-being (e.g., Gilbert, 2014; López et al., 2018).”
BackgroundParental marital quality and adolescent psychological well-being: A meta-analysis
Wahyuningsih, H., Kusumaningrum, F. A., & Novitasari, R. (2020) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1819005 · Cited by 15
Pradhan, R. K., Jandu, K., Hati, L., & Panda, M. (2022) · Business Perspectives and Research · doi:10.1177/22785337221113157 · Cited by 19
“…apparent connection between compassion and well-being outcomes, the past research hints at the need to capture the experience of the compassion provider as well as to examine the mechanisms by which compassion influences happiness (López et al., 2018; Mongrain et al., 2011; Sanchez et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultO’Hara-Gregan, J. (2022) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01432-0 · Cited by 16
“Previous research has failed to find a strong link between self-focused and other-focused compassion (López et al., 2018; Neff & Pommier, 2013), but Gilbert’s (2017) research on interactions between the human threat and soothing systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) suggests…”
Mavituna, S., Hahn, E. W., Hahne, I., Bergmann, N., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Ta, T. M. T., Tafelski, L., & Böge, K. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02908-3 · Cited by 18
“Several studies have found self-compassion to be positively correlated with positive affect and negatively correlated with negative affect (López et al., 2018; Neff et al., 2007; Sirois et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMental Health Shame, Caregiver Identity, and Self-Compassion in UK Education Students
Kotera, Y., Tsuda‐McCaie, F., Edwards, A., Bhandari, D., Williams, D., & Neary, S. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10030584 · Cited by 20
“Findings indicate that individuals with higher levels of self-compassion may be more resilient [50], thus lowering levels of anxiety, depression, and stress-related illnesses [51,52].”
BackgroundSchlosser, M., Pfaff, N. G., Schweinberger, S. R., Marchant, N. L., & Klimecki, O. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01344-5 · Cited by 18
Moore, S. K., Okst, K., Smith, L., Fatkin, T., Creedon, T., Fredericksen, A. K., Gawande, R., & Schuman-Olivier, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780383 · Cited by 12
Qu, G. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-04074-2 · Cited by 25
“López et al. (2018) explored the relationship between compassion directed towards oneself and others, revealing its implications for psychological health.”
The flows of compassion in adolescents as measured by the compassionate engagement and action scales
Cunha, M. I. V. A., Galhardo, A. B., Gilbert, P., Rodrigues, C., & Matos, M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02097-5 · Cited by 17
“The inter-relationship between the three flows of compassion, as measured by the CEAS-A scales, is considered a key aspect of the CFT/CMT approach (Gilbert et al., 2017; Gilbert, 2020), as they are highly interactive but can also be independent (Lopez et al., 2018).”
MethodEpidemiology of compassion: A literature review
Addiss, D. G., Richards, A., Adiabu, S., Horwath, E., Leruth, S., Graham, A. L., & Buesseler, H. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992705 · Cited by 29
Self-Compassion in Relationships and Caregiving Contexts
Lathren, C. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_15 · Cited by 12
Schaab, B. L., Cunha, L. F., Silveira, D. C., da Silva, P. C., Ballejos, K. G., Diaz, G. B., Kaiser, V., Calvetti, P. Ü., Cazella, S. C., Barros, H. M. T., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414948 · Cited by 16
“…self-compassion with lower rates of distress and higher rates of positive mental health, including optimism (Zhao et al., 2022), positive affect and life satisfaction (Stoeber et al., 2020), hope (Yang et al., 2016), compassion (López et al., 2018) and emotion regulation (Rech et al., 2023).”
BackgroundCompassion protects against vital exhaustion and negative emotionality
Saarinen, A. I. L., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Viding, E. M., Dobewall, H., Kaseva, K., Lehtimäki, T. J., Raitakari, O. T., & Hintsanen, M. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09878-2 · Cited by 16
Self-compassion, mental health shame and work motivation in German and Japanese employees
Kotera, Y., Mayer, C., & Vanderheiden, E. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2148829 · Cited by 13
“Trainers would need to be careful that the training is not shifted towards compassion for others, which is not necessarily associated with mental health (L opez et al., 2018).”
BackgroundChildren’s and Adolescents’ Pet Attachment, Empathy, and Compassionate Responding to Self and Others
Bosacki, S., Tardif-Williams, C. Y., & Roma, R. P. S. (2022) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents2040039 · Cited by 13
“The Self-Compassion Scale modified for Children (Ages 8–12) [45].”
MethodMa, J., & Xiao, Q. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241226906 · Cited by 11
“Some researchers have found no signi fi cant relationship between them (López et al., 2018), or negative correlation ( r = (cid:1) .122) (Mills et al., 2018).”
Compassion Questionnaires Revised: Scales Development and Validation
Khoury, B., & Vergara, R. C. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251337185 · Cited by 11
Wu, L., Schroevers, M. J., & Zhu, L. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01721-6 · Cited by 11
Self-Compassion, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, and Psychological Well-Being in Women
Koch, J. M., Ross, J. B., Karaffa, K. M., & Rosencrans, A. C. R. (2021) · Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/26320770211039214 · Cited by 12
“Likewise, López et al. (2018) examined self-compassion for others and self-compassion as related to psychological well-being and found that self-compassion, unlike compassion for others, was significantly related to indicators of psychological well-being, specifically higher positive affect and…”
BackgroundRuiz‐Palomino, P., Zoghbi‐Manrique‐de‐Lara, P., & Silva, G. M. (2023) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/jwop2023a3 · Cited by 17
“These variables were included because prior research suggests gender and age differences exist in the extent to which compassionate behaviors are performed (López et al., 2018) and that level of education and hotel’s number of stars correlate with P-O Fit and OCBs (Afsar & Badir, 2015).”
Positive and negative attitudes towards compassion predict compassionate outcomes
Kirby, J. N., Seppala, E. M., Wilks, M., Cameron, C. D., Tellegen, C. L., Nguyen, D. T. H., Misra, S., Simon-Thomas, E. R., Feinberg, M., Martin, D. E., et al. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00405-8 · Cited by 13
“Research has shown that individuals can have different levels of fear compassion across these three dimensions (Gilbert and Procter 2006; Lopez et al. 2018).”
BackgroundMatos, M., Gonçalves, E., Palmeira, L., Melo, I., Steindl, S. R., & Gomes, A. A. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02311-4 · Cited by 13
Brophy, K., Emery, M., MacDonald, C., Côté, C. I., & Körner, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305776 · Cited by 10
Chio, F. H. N., Mak, W. W. S., Cheng, R. H. L., Hsu, A. Y. K., & Kwan, H. H. M. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1913638 · Cited by 10
“…between self-compassion and compassion to clients among mental health providers (Yip et al., 2017), other cross-sectional studies showed that the association between self-compassion and compassion to others was non-significant (Beaumont et al., 2016; López et al., 2018; Neff & Pommier, 2013).”
BackgroundCompassion in health professionals: Development and validation of the Capacity for Compassion Scale
Fernández, M. D. R., Alcaraz‐Córdoba, A., Hernández‐Padilla, J. M., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Garcia-Navarro, E. B., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2023) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15987 · Cited by 12
Gillett, J. L., Rakhimov, A., Karadag, P., Themelis, K., Ji, C., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2025) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637241312070 · Cited by 13
Zhang, D., & Shen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1072548 · Cited by 18
“As age, grade, single child status, residential location (Sedlmeier et al., 2012; Homan, 2016; Bluth et al., 2017; López et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2021), and meditation (Kabat-Zinn, 1994; Soler et al.”
BackgroundTesting a teacher costs to caring resilience model to identify burnout mediators
Brown, S. P., & Biddle, C. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104078 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- López, A., Sanderman, R., Ranchor, A. V., & Schroevers, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- López, Angélica
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2017-07-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 325-331
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- PMC
- PMC5770484
- OpenAlex
- W2736494566
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 17.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Keywords
- compassion for others, self-compassion, psychological well-being, affect, depressive symptoms, gender differences, educational attainment, positive affect, negative affect
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