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Cited by 10Sexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsGambling Behavior and Treatments

Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Adults in Residential Substance Use Treatment

Open access
Brem, Meagan J., Shorey, Ryan C., Anderson, Scott, Stuart, Gregory L.·2019·Mindfulness
DOI 10.1007/s12671-019-01117-7PMC PMC6884324
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Abstract

Objectives: Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is overrepresented among adults with substance use disorders (SUD), yet there is no empirically supported CSB treatment for this population. Cross-sectional and single case designs supported dispositional mindfulness as a potential CSB intervention target. However, the relations between CSB and each of the five dispositional mindfulness facets remain unknown. Methods: Extending prior research to inform intervention efforts, we reviewed medical records for 1993 adults (77.6% male) in residential treatment for SUD to examine gender differences in the relations between dispositional mindfulness facets (acting with awareness, observation of experience, describing with words, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience) and five CSB indicators (loss of control, relationship disturbance, preoccupation, affect disturbance, and internet problems). Results: For men, path analyses revealed that acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, describing with words, nonreactivity to inner experience, alcohol/drug use and problems, and depression and anxiety symptoms related to CSB (p range.00–.04). For women, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, alcohol/drug use and problems, and depression symptoms related to several CSB indicators (p range.00–.04). Conclusions: Mindfulness-based CSB interventions should evaluate the benefit of increasing intentional responses towards present-moment experiences among adults with SUD. Targeting alcohol/drug misuse, negative affect, and judgment towards thoughts and emotions may be beneficial. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12671-019-01117-7

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

11 of 78 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Cross-sectional and single-case studies support negative associations between dispositional mindfulness and compulsive sexual behavior.

    “However, cross-sectional data and single case designs supported negative associations between dispositional mindfulness and CSB, thereby providing preliminary evidence for targeting mindfulness in CSB treatments (Brem, Shorey, Anderson, & Stuart, 2017b, 2017c, 2018; Shorey, Elmquist, Gawrysiak, Anderson, & Stuart, 2016; Van Gordon, Shonin, & Griffiths, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Brem, Shorey, Anderson, & Stuart, 2017b, 2017c, 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Shorey, Elmquist, Gawrysiak, Anderson, & Stuart, 2016 source
    • cites Van Gordon, Shonin, & Griffiths, 2016 source

      The Discussion reports that one participant’s addictive sexual behavior improved after Meditation Awareness Training, providing preliminary support for studying mindfulness-based treatment. It does not report a negative association between dispositional mindfulness and compulsive sexual behavior: this was an intervention case study, not a measurement of that association. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    A single-case study found that mindfulness awareness training produced clinically significant and 6-month-maintained improvements in compulsive sexual behavior.

    “A single case study revealed that mindfulness awareness training resulted in clinically significant improvements in CSB, which were maintained 6 months post-treatment (Van Gordon et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Van Gordon et al., 2016 source
  • Premisecitation

    The observe facet of mindfulness was positively related to substance-related problems among people with substance use disorders.

    “Alternatively, the observe facet positively related to substance-related problems among individuals with SUD, presumably because such individuals need to be attentive towards their internal experiences to know when to consume illicit substances to avoid withdrawal (Eisenlohr-Moul, Walsh, Charnigo, Lynam, & Baer, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Eisenlohr-Moul, Walsh, Charnigo, Lynam, & Baer, 2012 source

      The Discussion reports a positive association between observing and periods of heavy alcohol use, but only at lower levels of nonreactivity. The Method (Participants and Recruitment) describes a sample of undergraduate students, not people diagnosed with substance use disorders. The paper measures periods of substance use rather than substance-related problems and does not establish the proposed withdrawal-avoidance explanation. (LLM, conf=0.90)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    In men and women with substance use disorders, dispositional mindfulness was negatively related to compulsive sexual behavior.

    “Shorey et al. (2016) and Brem and colleagues (2017b, 2017c, 2018) extended prior research to populations of men and women with SUD, finding that dispositional mindfulness negatively related to CSB within these populations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Shorey et al., 2016 source

      The Abstract and Discussion report a negative association between dispositional mindfulness and compulsive sexual behavior among men in residential treatment for substance use disorders. Shorey et al. did not study women; the Discussion identifies testing whether the relationship holds for women as future research. (LLM, conf=0.90)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Brem et al., 2017b, 2017c, 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Premisecitation

    In men seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior, dispositional mindfulness was inversely related to CSB after accounting for impulsivity, emotion regulation, and stress proneness.

    “Using cross-sectional data collected from men seeking treatment for CSB, Reid, Bramen, Anderson, and Cohen (2014) reported that dispositional mindfulness inversely related to CSB above and beyond impulsivity, emotion regulation, and stress proneness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Reid, Bramen, Anderson, and Cohen (2014) source
  • May combine two claims. 24
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 25

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Preliminary data suggest that women with CSB may engage in it to meet interpersonal needs, whereas men with CSB may be driven by problematic reactivity to external cues.

    “These preliminary data suggested that women’s CSB may be motivated by a desire to meet interpersonal needs, and men’s CSB may be motivated by problematic reactivity to external stimuli (e.g., erotic cues).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Ferree, 2001 source
    • cites Perera et al., 2009 source
    • cites Gola et al., 2017 source

      The Discussion (page not provided) reports increased reactivity to cues predicting erotic images among men seeking treatment for problematic pornography use, supporting the proposed cue-reactivity explanation for those men. The paper does not address whether women with CSB seek to meet interpersonal needs, and its findings about men are limited to those seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Dispositional mindfulness comprises five factors: acting with awareness, observation, describing, non-judging, and non-reactivity.

    “Factor analyses supported five factors that comprise dispositional mindfulness: acting with awareness, observation of experience, describing with words, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006; Baer et al., 2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006 source
    • cites Baer et al., 2008 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire has good psychometric properties and is supported for use in adults with substance use disorders.

    “Existing literature indicate the FFMQ has good psychometric properties and supported the use of the FFMQ within samples of adults with SUD (Baer et al., 2008; Bowen & Enkema, 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Baer et al., 2008 source
    • cites Bowen & Enkema, 2014 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    A model constraining paths to be equal across gender had a higher AIC than an unconstrained model, indicating that structural paths differed by gender.

    “Constraining paths to be equal across gender resulted in a higher AIC (104114.66) than the unconstrained model (AIC = 104111.80), suggesting paths varied by gender.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Acting with awareness, nonjudging, alcohol and drug problems, and depression symptoms were related to various compulsive sexual behavior indicators across genders.

    “Most notably, acting with awareness, nonjudging, alcohol and drug problems, and depression symptoms related to various CSB indicators across genders.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Compulsive sexual behavior is more common in men than in women.

    “CSB is more prevalent among men relative to women (Reid et al., 2012)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Reid et al., 2012 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Prevalence of compulsive sexual behavior varies widely across substance use disorder types, from about 8% in benzodiazepine abuse/dependence to 53% in alcohol abuse/dependence.

    “Stavro and colleagues (2013) reported considerable variance in prevalence rates of CSB for various SUD (e.g., 8% of patients with benzodiazepine abuse/dependence, 53% of patients with alcohol abuse/dependence).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Stavro and colleagues (2013)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    About 29% of people in inpatient SUD treatment are at risk for compulsive sexual behavior, compared with 3% to 6% of adults in the general population.

    “Indeed, as many as 29% of individuals in inpatient treatment for SUD identified as at-risk for CSB compared to 3% to 6% of adults in the general population (Deneke, Knepper, Gree, & Carnes, 2015; Stavro et al., 2013; Kuzma & Black, 2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Deneke, Knepper, Gree, & Carnes, 2015 source
    • cites Stavro et al., 2013 source
    • cites Kuzma & Black, 2008 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    About 42% of people in treatment for self-identified sex addiction have a substance use disorder.

    “A similar over-representation of SUD (42%) was observed among individuals in treatment for self-identified “sex addiction” (Carnes, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Carnes, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Shame and compulsive sexual behavior are positively related and mutually reinforcing.

    “Specifically, Reid et al. (2009) and Carnes (2001) suggested that shame and CSB are positively related and reciprocal.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Reid et al., 2009 source
    • cites Carnes, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Full information maximum likelihood is more efficient and less biased than pairwise or listwise deletion for missing data.

    “FIML is more efficient and provides less biased estimates than alternative strategies such as pairwise or listwise deletion (Enders, 2010; Kline, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Enders, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Kline, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Mindfulness-based interventions are effective for substance use disorder and for conditions that co-occur with compulsive sexual behavior.

    “Mindfulness-based interventions were efficacious in treating SUD (Chiesa & Serretti, 2014) and other concerns that co-occur with CSB (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms; Mclean & Follette, 2015; Öst. 2014) which may make such interventions easily adapted to treat CSB.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Chiesa & Serretti, 2014 source
    • cites Mclean & Follette, 2015 source
    • cites Öst. 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Alcohol intoxication directs cognitive and attentional resources toward the most emotionally salient cues in a situation.

    “AMT detailed that alcohol intoxication focuses cognitive and attentional resources on the most emotionally-salient cues in a given context (Steele & Josephs, 1990).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Steele & Josephs, 1990 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Women with compulsive sexual behavior have a clinical profile that differs from men's, including a higher prevalence of sexual assault.

    “For instance, women with CSB presented with a clinical profile that differed from their male counterparts’ (e.g., higher prevalence of sexual assault; Perera et al., 2009), which may have implications for mindfulness-based approaches to treatment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Perera et al., 2009 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test has good psychometric properties.

    “The DUDIT evidenced good psychometric properties (Stuart et al., 2003a, 2003b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Stuart et al., 2003a, 2003b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    People high in dispositional mindfulness notice the transient nature of present-moment experiences, which reduces the need to react compulsively or avoid.

    “By attending to their present-moment experiences, individuals with high levels of dispositional mindfulness notice the transient nature of these experiences, thereby reducing the need to compulsively react or avoid (Brown et al., 2007).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brown et al., 2007 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire has good psychometric properties in people with substance use disorders.

    “The PDSQ demonstrated good psychometric properties within a population of individuals with substance use disorders (Zimmerman, Sheeran, Chelminski, & Young, 2004).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zimmerman, Sheeran, Chelminski, & Young, 2004 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Revised was not designed to capture all ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder and was not used as a diagnostic tool.

    “It should be noted that the SAST-R was not designed to capture all the diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder outlined in the ICD-11 (WHO, 2018) and as such was not used as a diagnostic tool.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites WHO, 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test has excellent reliability and validity.

    “The AUDIT demonstrated excellent reliability and validity (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders, & Monteiro, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders, & Monteiro, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    A lower Akaike information criterion value indicates better model fit.

    “Lower AIC indicates better fit (Kline, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kline, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    People without adequate coping skills for painful experiences may use maladaptive behaviors like compulsive sexual behavior and substance use to reduce shame.

    “Deneke et al. (2015) further suggested that individuals who lack adequate coping mechanisms to otherwise deter painful experiences (e.g., depression and anxiety) may turn to maladaptive coping mechanisms such as CSB and SUD to temporarily alter or reduce thoughts and experiences such as shame.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Deneke et al., 2015 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Prior research treated dispositional mindfulness as a unitary construct even though evidence indicates it is multifaceted.

    “First, prior research operationalized dispositional mindfulness as a unitary construct despite evidence that dispositional mindfulness is multifaceted (Baer et al., 2006, 2008; Rau & Williams, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Baer et al., 2006, 2008

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rau & Williams, 2016 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Negative affect can be both a cause and a consequence of compulsive sexual behavior.

    “Negative affect should be an important target in CSB interventions for both men and women with SUDs given that negative affect may be both a cause and consequence of CSB (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Reid et al., 2008).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004 source
    • cites Reid et al., 2008 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The SAST-R showed adequate psychometric performance in clinical and non-clinical groups of men and women of different sexual orientations.

    “The SAST-R demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in clinical and non-clinical samples of men and women across sexual orientations (Carnes et al., 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Carnes et al., 2010 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Women with compulsive sexual behavior are motivated to engage in CSB in response to feeling lonely, abandoned, and powerless.

    “and were motivated to engage in CSB in response to feeling lonely, abandoned, and powerless (Ferree, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ferree, 2001 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Depression and anxiety symptoms are theoretical and statistical correlates of compulsive sexual behavior and substance misuse.

    “That depression and anxiety symptoms are theoretical and statistical correlates of CSB and substance misuse suggest that controlling for these symptoms is warranted (Brem et al., 2017a).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brem et al., 2017a source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is possible that participants' compulsive sexual behavior and substance use disorder shaped how they saw themselves, which then affected their answers on the mindfulness questionnaire.

    “It is plausible that CSB and SUD informed participants’ conceptualization of themselves (e.g., as being judgmental of their thoughts and behaviors), thereby influencing their responses on the FFMQ.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisenone given

    Mindfulness-based approaches have not been adequately evaluated as treatments for compulsive sexual behavior.

    “It should be noted that mindfulness-based approaches were not adequately evaluated for CSB treatment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Nonjudging was linked to more compulsive sexual behavior indicators for men than for women, suggesting that a judgmental approach may be a stronger risk factor for men with substance use disorder.

    “However, the nonjudging facet was linked to more CSB indicators for men relative to women, suggesting that judgmental approaches to one’s thoughts and experiences may be a pronounced CSB risk factor for men with SUD.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The SAST-R does not cover all ICD-11 criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder, such as the six-month persistence requirement, continued behavior despite little satisfaction, and exclusion of moral judgments.

    “Indeed, the SAST-R does not capture all compulsive sexual behavior disorder criteria included in the ICD-11, including the requirement that symptoms persisted for at least 6 months, that CSB continued despite little to no satisfaction, and that symptoms were not limited to moral judgments or the disproval of others (WHO, 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites WHO, 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Some men may welcome sexual thoughts and internet-related sexual activity and not view them as distracting or as something they get caught up in.

    “It is plausible that some men welcomed sexual thoughts and internet-related sexual activity and do not consider the thoughts or online activities to be distracting or see themselves as getting caught up in them.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Men with well-developed abilities to communicate affective experiences may have more opportunities to find and successfully court sexual partners.

    “Similarly, having well-developed abilities to communicate affective experiences may allow men more opportunities to seek out and successfully court partners for sexual experiences.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    These factors were related to more compulsive sexual behavior indicators for men than for women, suggesting that dispositional mindfulness may be a particularly important treatment target for men's compulsive sexual behavior.

    “These factors related to more CSB indicators for men relative to women, suggesting that dispositional mindfulness may be a particularly important target for men’s CSB treatment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study sample consisted mainly of White adults with substance use disorder, and their sexual orientation was not recorded.

    “First, the present sample was comprised of primarily White adults with SUD whose sexual orientation was not ascertained.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The sample was mostly men, which may explain some gender differences because there was more statistical power to detect relationships for men.

    “Finally, the present sample was comprised of primarily men, which may explain some of the gender differences as there was more power to detect the relations among constructs for men in the study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Gender differences in the relationships between mindfulness facets and compulsive sexual behavior were small, but treatment studies may still consider gender-specific experiences.

    “Gender differences in the relationships between mindfulness facets and CSB were minimal; nonetheless, treatment studies may wish to evaluate the utility of attending to gender-specific experiences related to CSB among individuals with comorbid CSB and SUD.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    If Deneke et al.'s idea is correct, then people who accept their thoughts and behaviors more may have less self-criticism and therefore less need for maladaptive coping such as compulsive sexual behavior.

    “If Deneke et al.’s (2015) supposition is accurate, then individuals who are more accepting of their thoughts and behaviors may experience less self-criticism, thereby reducing the need to engage in maladaptive coping behaviors (e.g., CSB).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Deneke et al., 2015 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The findings may not generalize to more diverse samples or to non-clinical samples.

    “It is possible that these findings do not generalize to more diverse samples, or to non-clinical samples.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The positive relationships between nonreactivity and men's preoccupation and internet problems might be spurious because they were only marginally significant.

    “Alternatively, it is plausible that these findings were spurious given the marginally significant positive relationships between these variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The study offers preliminary evidence that certain mindfulness facets may protect against compulsive sexual behavior, though future research should evaluate this.

    “Despite these limitations, the present study provided preliminary evidence for the potential protective utility of specific mindfulness facets against CSB which future research should evaluate.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is possible that men who can describe their emotions well are more able to recognize their sexual behavior as uncontrolled.

    “It is plausible that men with a well-developed ability to describe their emotions were better able to identify their sexual behavior as uncontrolled.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
41 of 41

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The medical records from the single private residential treatment facility are representative of adults in residential substance use treatment generally.

    “We reviewed patients’ medical records from a private, residential substance misuse treatment facility located in the Southeastern United States.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The medical record data accurately reflect the patients' self-reported measure responses and diagnoses.

    “Patients completed a series of self-report measures following admission to the program and after medical detoxification (if necessary); no post-treatment data were available for the present chart review.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Sexual activity can serve as a way for individuals with substance use disorder to obtain illicit drugs.

    “For individuals with SUD, sexual activity may be a means through which illicit substances are acquired.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    People with compulsive sexual behavior may use substances to change or intensify feelings arising from that behavior.

    “Additionally, individuals who engage in CSB may misuse substances to alter or attenuate any affect they experience because of CSB (e.g., shame), or to heighten the experience of sexual activity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Compulsive sexual behavior and substance misuse each increase the risk of the other.

    “Given the reciprocal risk both CSB and substance misuse pose for one another, CSB interventions should carefully evaluate the relations between substance use and sexual activity.”
5 of 5

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Women's depression association is assigned to different CSB indicators

    Major

    The Results say women's depression symptoms were positively related to internet problems, preoccupation, and relationship disturbance. The Discussion replaces internet problems with affect disturbance when describing the same findings.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 66 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. (2006). Mplus: the comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
  2. World Health Organization. (2018). International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th rev.). Geneva: Author.

Cited by

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Related

Authors
Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
Corresponding author
Brem, Meagan J.
ORCID
Venue
Mindfulness
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-02-22
Volume
10
Issue
8
Pages
1592-1602
ISSN
  • 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
  • 1868-8535
DOI
10.1007/s12671-019-01117-7
PMC
PMC6884324
OpenAlex
W2915752760
Cited by
10
References
66
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 5
FWCI
2.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Mindfulness (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F31AA026489)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Keywords
trait mindfulness, compulsive sexual behavior, substance use disorders, gender differences, residential addiction treatment, acting with awareness, alcohol and drug abuse, depression, anxiety, internet problems, relationship problems, mindfulness-based interventions

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