Relationship between dispositional mindfulness and substance use: Findings from a clinical sample

Bowen, Sarah; Enkema, Matthew C.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.026

Cited by 92Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Relationship between dispositional mindfulness and substance use: Findings from a clinical sample

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Bowen, Sarah, Enkema, Matthew C.·2014·Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.026PMC PMC3909670

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Abstract

There has been rapidly increasing interest over the past decade in the potential of mindfulness-based approaches to psychological and medical treatment, including a recent growth in the area of substance abuse. Thus, the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use has been explored in several studies. Results, however, have been mixed. While several studies of college student populations have evinced positive correlations between levels of trait mindfulness and substance use, the opposite seems to be true in clinical samples, with multiple studies showing a negative association. The current study reviews research in both non-treatment seeking college students and in clinical samples, and examines the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance dependence in a clinical sample (N=281). Further, the study assesses the moderating effect of avoidant coping that might explain the disparate findings in the clinical versus nonclinical samples.

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The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire has good psychometric properties and is supported for use in adults with substance use disorders.
“Existing literature indicate the FFMQ has good psychometric properties and supported the use of the FFMQ within samples of adults with SUD (Baer et al., 2008; Bowen & Enkema, 2014).”
From Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Adults in Residential Substance Use Treatment (2019) · cites this paper as Bowen & Enkema, 2014
Meditation's health benefits are more pronounced for pain and pain-related conditions (such as opioid misuse, stress, depression, and anxiety) than for other health outcomes.
“In contrast to other health outcomes, the health-promoting effects of meditation are most pronounced for pain and pain-related comorbidities, including opioid addiction and misuse,155–158 stress,37, 138 depression,159–161 and anxiety.31, 162, 163”
From Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account (2016) · cites this paper as [156]

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Mindfulness Correlates with Stress and Coping in University Students
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Associations Between Specific Mindfulness Facets, Self-Compassion, Internally Motivated Drinking, and Alcohol-Related Problems
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01172-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Disrupting the path to craving: Acting without awareness mediates the link between negative affect and craving.
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Self-citation
Mindfulness as a predictor of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes in inner-city adults with posttraumatic stress and substance dependence
Vujanovic, A. A., Smith, L. J., Green, C., Lane, S. D., & Schmitz, J. M. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106283 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mindfulness Profiles Among Gamblers: Exploring Differences in Gambling Behaviors, Motivations, Cognitions, and Mental Health
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Abstract and concrete repetitive thinking modes in alcohol-dependence
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The Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Smartphone Addiction: The Mediating Effect of Rumination and The Mediated Moderating Effect of Mindfulness
Jeong, J.-H., & Bae, S. (2024) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2022.0288 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mindfulness Treatments for Domestic Violence: A Review
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Relationships between coping, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life in outpatients with substance use disorders: results of the SUBUSQOL study
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Specific facets of trait mindfulness reduce risk for alcohol and drug use among first-year undergraduate students
Single, A., Bilevicius, E., Johnson, E. A., & Keough, M. T. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-1092-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mindfulness Facets, Social Anxiety, and Drinking to Cope with Social Anxiety: Testing Mediators of Drinking Problems
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The conceptualization and measurement of values: A review of the psychometric properties of measures developed to inform values work with adults
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Dispositional Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Substance Use in Predicting Depressive Symptoms in a Treatment‐Seeking Sample
Shorey, R. C., Gawrysiak, M. J., Anderson, S. T., & Stuart, G. L. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22139 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Trait mindfulness and early maladaptive schemas in women seeking residential substance use treatment: A preliminary investigation
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Effect of fear of missing out on learning burnout in medical students: a moderated mediation
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Mindfulness and Early Maladaptive Schemas Among Men in Treatment for Substance Use Disorder
Grigorian, H. L., Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S. T., & Stuart, G. L. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01384-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Does trait mindfulness level affect quitting cannabis use? A six week follow-up study
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Dispositional Mindfulness Profiles and Cannabis Use in Young Adults
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A pilot RCT of an online mindfulness‐based cognitive intervention for chemsex
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Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Adults in Residential Substance Use Treatment
Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01117-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders
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Longitudinal associations between dispositional mindfulness and addictive behaviors in adolescents
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The Relation Between Compulsive Sexual Behaviors and Aggression in a Substance-Dependent Population
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Trait mindfulness and the mental and physical health of caregivers for individuals with cancer
Hecht, C. L., Aarshati, A., Miceli, J., Olejniczac, D., Peyser, T., Geller, D., Antoni, M., Kiefer, G., Reyes, V., Zandberg, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101325 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Trait mindfulness and cannabis use–related factors in adolescents and young adults with frequent use
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Mindfulness in addictions
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A preliminary investigation of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and eating disorder symptoms among men in residential substance use treatment
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Predictors of Treatment Completion among Women Receiving Integrated Treatment for Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders
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Negative Urgency Mediates the Relation between Negative Emotion and Smartphone Addiction
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Jugendliches Alkoholkonsumverhalten während der COVID-19-Pandemie und die Bedeutung von Achtsamkeit
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An assessment of mindfulness intervention as a regular subject in Ecuadorian higher education
Prado, S. M. M., & Anastacio, J. A. R. (2018) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2018.1450273 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Relationship between levels of mindfulness and substance use pattern
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The circular argument relationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction: evidence based on the diary method
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Mindfulness training for clinically elevated social anxiety: The impact on peak drinking.
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Sigara, alkol veya madde kullanan üniversite öğrencilerinin bağımlılığa yönelik farkındalık, olumsuz tutum ve damgalama düzeyleri
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Mediating Effects of Thought Suppression in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Substance Use Craving
Smith-Russell, D., & Bowen, S. W. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2212277 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review
Grant, S., Hempel, S., Colaiaco, B., Motala, A., Shanman, R., Booth, M. J., Dudley, W., & Sorbero, M. E. S. (2015) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr1031 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Drug use influence on mindfulness among nursing students
Seleghim, M. R., & Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0773 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Atenção plena disposicional, regulação emocional e estresse percebido em estudantes de enfermagem
da Costa, D. A. V., Kogien, M., Hartwig, S. V., Ferreira, G. E., Guimarães, M. K. D. O. R., & Ribeiro, M. R. R. (2022) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0086pt · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Craving for cigarette smoking among male adolescents in Isfahan based on mindfulness and emotional self-regulation
Nosratabadi, M., Halvaiepour, Z., & Abootorabi, S. H. (2017) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2016-0113 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention in a sample of veterans in a substance use disorder aftercare program: A randomized controlled trial
Killeen, T. K., Baker, N. L., Davis, L. L., Bowen, S., & Brady, K. T. (2023) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2023.209116 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness and clinical correlates in methamphetamine use disorder
Jarrett, O., London, E., Mahmoudie, T., Suh, J., Ghahremani, D., & Dean, A. C. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Environmental enrichment and complementary clinical interventions as therapeutic approaches for alcohol use disorder in animal models and humans
Camarini, R., Marianno, P., Costa, B. Y., Palombo, P., & Noto, A. R. (2024) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2024.08.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Relation between Moment-To-Moment Mindful Attention and Anxiety among Young Adults in Substance use Treatment
Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S. T., Lookatch, S. J., Moore, T. M., & Stuart, G. L. (2014) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.935841 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
University Students' Early Maladaptive Schemas' Prediction of Their Mindfulness Levels.
Yalçın, S., Kavaklı, M., Kesici, Ş., & Ak, M. (2017) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mindfulness facets are differentially related with reward processing stages in striatum and alcohol use in adolescence
Guldner, S., Prignitz, M., & Nees, F. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nonpartner violence perpetration among emerging adults: Associations with polysubstance use and trait mindfulness.
Galano, M. M., Stein, S. F., Hart, N., Ramirez, J. I., Cunningham, R. M., Walton, M. A., Eisman, A. B., & Ngo, Q. (2022) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000448 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Associations of thalamocortical networks with reduced mindfulness in alcohol use disorder
Denier, N., Soravia, L. M., Moggi, F., Stein, M., Grieder, M., Federspiel, A., Kupper, Z., Wiest, R., & Bracht, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1123204 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mindfulness Profiles and Substance Use Outcomes in University Students: The Role of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Motives
Folivi, F., Bravo, A. J., & Pearson, M. R. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02544-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on primary school students’ symptoms of inattention, depression, and anxiety: A moderated mediation examinationPreprint
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Alcohol-related Consequences: Factor Structure and Associations With Trait Mindfulness and Drinking Motivations
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Mindfulness Facets Differentially Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cannabis Use Severity
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Facets of Mindfulness and Health Among a Predominantly Low-Income Community Sample
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Mindfulness Practices in Prevention and Therapy of Addictiveness: Review of Scientific Studies
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Interfaces Between Clinical Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies in the Treatment of Drug Addiction
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Gender pay gap: A mediating agent of compassion, self-esteem, mindfulness, personal sense of uniqueness and racial socialization for psychological well being
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Intensive Longitudinal Assessment of Cannabis use and Related Experiences
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Self-Efficacy, Trait Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Risk of Substance Use Relapse
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Effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and intellectual-motor exercises in craving beliefs among industrial substance abusers
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Mindfulness, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Depressive Symptoms After Outpatient Alcohol Treatment
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A moderation examination of the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on primary school students’ symptoms of inattention, depression, and anxietyPreprint
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A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors
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Mindfulness and clinical correlates in methamphetamine use disorder
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Self-citation

Authors: Bowen, S., & Enkema, M. C.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Bowen, Sarah
ORCID: Bowen, Sarah
Enkema, Matthew C.
Venue: Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-03
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Pages: 532-537
ISSN: 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.026
PMC: PMC3909670
OpenAlex: W1968766620
Cited by: 92
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 9.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA025764)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords: trait mindfulness, substance use, substance dependence, avoidance coping, moderating effect, clinical samples, university students, mindfulness-based interventions
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Substance-Related Disorders, Mindfulness

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Relationship between dispositional mindfulness and substance use: Findings from a clinical sample

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