Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11

Kraus, Shane W.; Krueger, Richard B.; Briken, Peer; First, Michael B.; Stein, Dan J.; Kaplan, Meg S.; Voon, Valerie; Abdo, Carmita H.N.; Grant, Jon E.; Atalla, Elham; Reed, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1002/wps.20499

Cited by 511Sexuality, Behavior, and TechnologySexual function and dysfunction studiesGambling Behavior and Treatments

Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11

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Kraus, Shane W., Krueger, Richard B., Briken, Peer, First, Michael B., Stein, Dan J., Kaplan, Meg S., Voon, Valerie, Abdo, Carmita H.N. +3 more·2018·World Psychiatry

DOI 10.1002/wps.20499PMC PMC5775124

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Abstract

to support it.However, these factors must be considered when deciding what is immediately implementable, versus that which requires a supportive framework which has yet to be created.All digital health research and claims are informative.Some offer immediate solutions to health care that should be implemented today and others highlight the potential of what may be possible.However, blurring the line between actual and aspirational can be counterproductive.Claiming that aspirational digital health research is ready for immediate use can lead to immediate negative results and broad disappointment.It may even inadvertently contribute to digital health "hype" and foster undue skepticism for the field.However, ignoring digital health technologies with good evidence for real-world implementation is a missed opportunity for improving patient outcomes.Appreciating how aspirational research can guide, inform, and inspire current efforts is also important.Likewise, appreciating the real world success of actualized efforts can help guide aspirational research to be more translatable into health care systems.There is no superior designation, as both ends of the actual and aspirational spectrum have critical roles that cannot be separated.However, the value of both depends upon correct identification of where any given project lies on this spectrum -and further consideration of populations sampled and incentives used are critical to determining this.

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SA/CSB is excessive, compulsive and uncontrollable sexual behaviour accompanied by sexual preoccupations and fantasies, mental discomfort, escalation and functional impairment.
“Studies refer to SA/CSB as excessive, compulsive and uncontrollable sexual behaviour accompanied by sexual preoccupations and fantasies, mental discomfort, escalation and functional impairment, all of which are consistent with the findings of this research (Carnes, 2000;Grubbs et al., 2019;Kraus et al., 2018).”
From The Lived Experiences and Well-Being of Female Partners Following Discovery or Disclosure of Their Male Partner’s Compulsive Sexual Behaviours: An Australian Phenomenological Study (2025) · cites this paper as Kraus et al., 2018
In “Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11” (page not provided), the paper describes persistent failure to control repetitive sexual impulses or urges, resulting in behaviour that causes marked distress or functional impairment. It does not describe sexual fantasies or escalation as features of the disorder; it also cautions that distress alone does not warrant a diagnosis. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ICD-11 guidelines describe CSBD as characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour over an extended period.
“the ICD-11 guidelines describe CSBD as characterized by “a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour” ([2], p. 109) over an extended period.”
From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
To avoid overpathologizing individually unacceptable, socially unacceptable, or high-frequency sexual behavior, a restriction was added to the diagnostic requirements that one's distress should not be exclusively related to moral judgment or social disapproval.
“To avoid overpathologizing individually unacceptable, socially unacceptable, or high-frequency sexual behavior, a restriction was added to the diagnostic requirements that one’s distress should not be exclusively related to moral judgment or social disapproval.2,26”
From Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
The WHO explicitly decided not to classify compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the grouping of Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours because the evidence was not considered strong enough to support that model.
“The WHO explicitly decided not to classify the new diagnostic category in the grouping of Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours (i.e., with gambling disorder and gaming disorder), because the evidence was not considered to be strong enough to support this model 223,226 .”
From Emerging experience with selected new categories in the <scp>ICD</scp>‐11: complex <scp>PTSD</scp>, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [223]
These presentations were considered to meet the basic definition of a mental disorder and to be associated with substantial suffering for which health services might reasonably be provided.
“These presentations were considered to meet the basic definition of a mental disorder 223,226 and to be associated with substantial suffering for which health services might reasonably be provided.”
From Emerging experience with selected new categories in the <scp>ICD</scp>‐11: complex <scp>PTSD</scp>, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [223]

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

[2]2. Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA; 2 Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; 3 Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Ger- many; 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hos- pital, Cape Town, South Africa; 5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 6 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 7 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;
[3]3. Grant JE, Atmaca M, Fineberg NA et al. World Psychiatry 2014;13:125-7.
[4]4. Gilliland R, South M, Carpenter BN et al. Sex Addict Compulsivity 2011;18: 12-29.
[6]6. Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN et al. Arch Neurol 2010;67:589-95.
[8]8. Kraus SW, Voon V, Potenza MN. Addiction 2016;111:2097-106.
[9]9. Kraus SW, Voon V, Potenza MN. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016;41: 385-6.
[10]10. Kuzma JM, Black DW. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2008;31:603-11.
[11]11. Klein V, Rettenberger M, Briken P. J Sex Med 2014;11:1974-81. DOI:10.1002/wps.20499

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Authors: Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M.
Affiliations: Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (US)
New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
University of Cape Town (ZA)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
University of Chicago (US)
Ministry of Health (BH)
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Kraus, Shane W.
Krueger, Richard B.
Briken, Peer
First, Michael B.
Stein, Dan J.
Voon, Valerie
Abdo, Carmita H.N.
Grant, Jon E.
Reed, Geoffrey M.
Venue: World Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-01-19
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 109-110
ISSN: 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
2051-5545
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20499
PMC: PMC5775124
OpenAlex: W2789504944
Semantic Scholar: 2f507da1b8a5c40b8e4ba6c2ed7035614c93f2e1
Cited by: 511
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 28
FWCI: 66.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
Medical Research Council (MR/P008747/1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Keywords: ICD-11, sexual addiction, psychiatric classification, diagnostic criteria, digital health, translational research, research hype

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