Cited by 309Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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The Development and Validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (Long- and Short Form)

Neff, Kristin D., Tóth-Király, István, Knox, Marissa C., Kuchar, Ashley, Davidson, Oliver·2021·Mindfulness

DOI 10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4

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A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains
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“The SCS-SF has a near perfect correlation with the SCS-long form, as well as strong internal consistency, and reliability (Neff et al., 2021).”
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“We created a 6-item state self-compassion scale (after Neff et al., 2021).”
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“Using this state-based approach, the initial psychometric evaluation of SSCS (Neff et al., 2021 ) examined the rela - tionships between state self-compassion – along with its specific components – and both positive and negative affect (i.e., the experience of pleasant versus unpleasant emo -…”
Influential
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“Additionally, Bifactor models are appropriate when there is a general factor with strong loadings, at least one well-defined specific factor, and theoretical justification for such modeling (Neff et al., 2021).”
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“We evaluated self-compassion using The State Self-Compassion Scale Long Form (SSCS-L, Neff et (Felitti et al., 1998 ), SSCS-L The State Self-Compassion Scale - Long Form (Neff et al., 2021), GAD-7 The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Spitzer et al., 2006), PHQ-9 The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Kroenke et al., 2001”
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“To assess the multidimensional impact of voice identity on reflection, five dimensions were measured: voice receptivity, emotional engagement, self-distancing, reflection depth, and perceived usefulness [10, 12, 16, 24, 30].”
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“Items were averaged, with higher scores indicating higher functionality appreciation ( 𝛼 = .93) Self-Compassion; 6-item State Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SSCS-SF; [22]) The SSCS-SF utilises a 5-point scale (0 = not at all true for me to 5 = very true for me ; [22]).”
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“State self-compassion (SSCS-S) was measured through the short form of the state self-compassion scale (Neff et al., 2021, Cronbach’s α = 0.76–0.79), which included a total of 6 items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = “not at all true for me,” 5 = “very true of me,” Neff et al., 2021).”
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“Furthermore, the six subdimensions of self-compassion are grouped into a bipolar dimension, including self-kindness vs. self-judgement, common humanity vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs. over-identification (Neff et al., 2021).”
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Development and Validation of the Brief Sussex–Oxford Compassion Scales
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Karakasidou, E., Raftopoulou, G., Papadimitriou, A., Chotzoglou, K., & Koundourou, C. (2026) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint7050189
“Trait self-compassion is broader, applies across various situations, and is relatively stable over time, whereas state self-compassion is primarily time-specific and tied to a particular circumstance [5].”
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Is self-compassion good for mental toughness? Insights of cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from diverse British athletes and competitive club players
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Bozkurt, E. G., Ergin, A., & KARDAŞ, F. (2026) · Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal · doi:10.14812/cuefd.1771167
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The Interplay of Academic Self-Efficacy and Loneliness in Female Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Social Support and Self-Compassion
Naqvi, S. H., Tahmasebipour, N., & Babazadeh, M. H. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261491624
Factores mediadores entre la ansiedad rasgo y la calidad de vida: el rol de la autocompasión, la resiliencia y el apoyo social
Martín-Rey, M. D. C., Medina-Cibantos, D., & Moreno‐Jiménez, P. (2026) · CES Psicología · doi:10.21615/cesp.8005

Authors: Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M. C., Kuchar, A., & Davidson, O.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author: Neff, Kristin D.
ORCID: Neff, Kristin D.
Knox, Marissa C.
Kuchar, Ashley
Venue: Mindfulness
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-09-30
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 121-140
ISSN: 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
1868-8535
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4
OpenAlex: W3091051561
Cited by: 309
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 18
FWCI: 10.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Mindfulness (publishedVersion)
Funders: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (435-2018-0368)
Horizon Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: state self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, scale development, factor structure, bifactor model, positive and negative affect, psychometric validation, short-form scale

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The Development and Validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (Long- and Short Form)

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