Circulating Sex Steroids and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women
Open accessAbstract
Evidence from both laboratory and epidemiologic studies indicate a key role of hormones in the etiology of breast cancer. In epidemiologic studies, indirect data, including the consistent associations observed between reproductive factors and breast cancer risk, support an important contribution of hormones to risk. Recently, the associations between circulating hormones in premenopausal women and subsequent risk of breast cancer have been evaluated. To date, both positive and null associations have been observed for estrogens and inverse and null associations for progesterone with breast cancer risk. For estrogens, the relationships may vary by menstrual cycle phase (e.g., follicular versus luteal phase), although this requires confirmation. Few studies have evaluated estrogen metabolites in relation to breast cancer risk; hence, no conclusions can yet be drawn. Findings for the largely adrenal-derived dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate also are inconsistent and may vary by age. However, relatively consistent positive associations have been observed between testosterone (or free testosterone) levels and breast cancer risk; these associations are of similar magnitude to those confirmed among postmenopausal women. In this review, we summarize current evidence and identify gaps and inconsistencies that need to be addressed in future studies of sex steroids and premenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Alcohol may affect serum levels of hormones and related signalling pathways, leading to an increased risk of breast cancer, and possibly of prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers.
“Secondly, alcohol may affect serum levels of hormones and related signalling pathways, leading to an increased risk of breast cancer, and possibly of prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers 153, 154, 155.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [155]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hankinson, S. E., & Eliassen, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hankinson, Susan E.
- Venue
- Hormones and Cancer
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-10
- ISSN
- 1868-8497 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8500
- PMC
- PMC3253362
- OpenAlex
- W1996022556
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hormones and Cancer (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CA67262)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA067262)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- breast cancer risk, premenopausal women, sex steroids, circulating hormones, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA sulfate, estrogen metabolites, menstrual cycle phases, reproductive factors, hormone-dependent breast cancer
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Premenopause
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