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Cited by 229Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Astrocytes: Integrative Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Stroke and Other Neurological Diseases

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Cekanaviciute, Egle, Buckwalter, Marion S.·2016·Neurotherapeutics
DOI 10.1007/s13311-016-0477-8PMC PMC5081110
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Abstract

Astrocytes regulate neuroinflammatory responses after stroke and in other neurological diseases. Although not all astrocytic responses reduce inflammation, their predominant function is to protect the brain by driving the system back to homeostasis after injury. They receive multidimensional signals within the central nervous system and between the brain and the systemic circulation. Processing this information allows astrocytes to regulate synapse formation and maintenance, cerebral blood flow, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Similarly, in response to stroke and other central nervous system disorders, astrocytes detect and integrate signals of neuronal damage and inflammation to regulate the neuroinflammatory response. Two direct regulatory mechanisms in the astrocyte arsenal are the ability to form both physical and molecular barriers that seal the injury site and localize the neuroinflammatory response. Astrocytes also indirectly regulate the inflammatory response by affecting neuronal health during the acute injury and axonal regrowth. This ability to regulate the location and degree of neuroinflammation after injury, combined with the long time course of neuroinflammation, makes astrocytic signaling pathways promising targets for therapies.

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  • Microglia and astrocytes contribute by releasing glutamate under inflammatory conditions, amplifying excitotoxic signaling.

    “Microglia and astrocytes also contribute by releasing glutamate under inflammatory conditions, amplifying excitotoxic signaling [118].”

    From Toward a Unified Framework in Molecular Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Revisiting the Pathophysiological Hypotheses (2026) · cites this paper as [118]

    The section on reactive astrocytes reports that, in slice cultures, microglia release TNF-α, which prompts astrocytes to release glutamate and amplify excitotoxicity (page not available in our copy). It supports astrocytic glutamate release and microglial involvement, but not the claim that microglia also release glutamate in this mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Cekanaviciute, E., & Buckwalter, M. S.
Affiliations
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Buckwalter, Marion S.
ORCID
Venue
Neurotherapeutics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-10
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
685-701
ISSN
1878-7479 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s13311-016-0477-8
PMC
PMC5081110
OpenAlex
W2524968585
Cited by
229
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
FWCI
1.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS067132)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
astrocytes, neuroinflammation, stroke, blood-brain barrier, cerebral blood flow, synaptogenesis, axon regeneration, neurological disorders, neuroprotection
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Humans, Inflammation, Nervous System Diseases, Stroke

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