Brain energy metabolism: focus on Astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation
Open accessAbstract
The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and tight regulatory mechanisms operate to ensure adequate spatial and temporal delivery of energy substrates in register with neuronal activity. Astrocytes-a type of glial cell-have emerged as active players in brain energy delivery, production, utilization, and storage. Our understanding of neuroenergetics is rapidly evolving from a "neurocentric" view to a more integrated picture involving an intense cooperativity between astrocytes and neurons. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of brain energy metabolism, with a particular emphasis on the metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes.
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Secreted ApoE is generally presumed to be converted into HDL-like LNPs by astrocytes.
“As the major lipid carrier in the brain, secreted ApoE is generally presumed to be converted into HDL-like LNPs by astrocytes.”
From ApoE is Secreted as a Lipid Nanoparticle by Mammalian Cells: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
These LNPs undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis in neurons and glia cells where their lipid constituents are disassembled in lysosomes to supply these constituents to recipient cells.
“In turn, these LNPs undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis in neurons and glia cells where their lipid constituents are disassembled in lysosomes to supply these constituents to the recipient cells.22, 44–47”
From ApoE is Secreted as a Lipid Nanoparticle by Mammalian Cells: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Astrocytes provide critical support to neurons for synapse formation/pruning, neurotransmitter modulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
“Astrocytes provide critical support to neurons for synapse formation/pruning, neurotransmitter modulation, and metabolic homeostasis (Bélanger et al., 2011; Jha and Morrison, 2018).”
From ApoE4 Impairs Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling of Fatty Acid Metabolism (2021) · cites this paper as Bélanger et al., 2011
Neuronal cells in the brain have a particularly high metabolism, using 20% and 25% of total consumed oxygen and glucose, making neurons and their mitochondria particularly susceptible to ROS damage.
“Neuronal cells in the brain have a particularly high metabolism, using 20% and 25% of the total consumed oxygen and glucose,34 this makes neurons and their mitochondria particularly susceptible to ROS damage.”
From Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Extract protects against glutamate toxicity and increases the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Bélanger, M., Allaman, I., & Magistretti, P. J.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Magistretti, Pierre J.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 724-738
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016927879
- Cited by
- 2,313
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 169 · 2025: 194 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 207 · 2022: 197 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 203 · 2019: 175 · 2018: 159 · 2017: 152 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- brain energy metabolism, astrocytes, neurons, neuroenergetics, glial cells, energy storage, neuronal activity
- MeSH terms
- Astrocytes, Brain, Energy Metabolism, Glycogen, Models, Biological, Neurons, Regional Blood Flow, Oxidative Stress, Lactic Acid
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