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The Significance of Education for Mortality Compression in the United States
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Recent studies of old-age mortality trends assess whether longevity improvements over time are linked to increasing compression of mortality at advanced ages. The historical backdrop of these studies is the long-term improvement in a population's socioeconomic resources that fueled longevity gains. We extend this line of inquiry by examining whether socioeconomic differences in longevity within a population are accompanied by old-age mortality compression. Specifically, we document educational differences in longevity and mortality compression for older men and women in the United States. Drawing on the fundamental cause of disease framework, we hypothesize that both longevity and compression increase with higher levels of education and that women with the highest levels of education will exhibit the greatest degree of longevity and compression. Results based on the Health and Retirement Study and the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File confirm a strong educational gradient in both longevity and mortality compression. We also find that mortality is more compressed within educational groups among women than men. The results suggest that educational attainment in the United States maximizes life chances by delaying the biological aging process.
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“Whenever compression of morbidity was found, there seems to be a strong influence of socioeconomic status, favoring individuals with a higher status (e.g., Brown et al., 2012; House, Lantz, & Herd, 2005).”
From Toward a More Comprehensive Concept of Successful Aging: Disability and Care Needs: Table 1. (2016) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2012
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, D. C., Hayward, M. D., Montez, J. K., Hummer, R. A., Chiu, C.-T., & Hidajat, M. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Dustin C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Demography
- Publisher
- Duke University Press
- Published
- 2012-05-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 819-840
- ISSN
- 0070-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-7790
- PMC
- PMC3500099
- OpenAlex
- W2150844713
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 36.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Demography (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Texas at Austin (R24HD042849, 5 R24 HD042849, 5 T32 HD007081)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD042849, 1 R01-HD053696)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD042849, 1 R01, R01HD053696, T32HD007081)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Keywords
- longevity, educational attainment, fundamental cause theory, sex differences, older adults, life chances, biological aging, mortality trends
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Sex Distribution, Health Status Disparities, Mortality, Premature
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