The NBA and youth basketball: recommendations for promoting a healthy and positive experience
Open accessAbstract
Participation in sports offers both short-term and long-term physical and psychosocial benefits for children and adolescents. However, an overemphasis on competitive success in youth sports may limit the benefits of participation, and could increase the risk of injury, burnout, and disengagement from physical activity. The National Basketball Association and USA Basketball recently assembled a group of leading experts to share their applied research and practices to address these issues. This review includes the group's analysis of the existing body of research regarding youth sports participation and the related health, performance, and psychosocial outcomes. Based upon this, age-specific recommendations for basketball participation are provided that aim to promote a healthy and positive experience for youth basketball players.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The majority of endurance/long-distance, middle-distance/power, and speed/strength sports are described as 'independent sports' in which one competitor cannot directly interfere with another's performance.
“These sports are similar, with the majority being described as “independent sports” 40 in which one competitor cannot directly interfere with the performance of another.”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
According to Stefani's taxonomy, team sports can be described as 'object sports' where the primary objective is to manipulate an object while another competitor is in direct confrontation.
“According to Stefani's taxonomy of sports rating systems, 40 team sports can be described as “object sports” where the primary objective is to manipulate an object while another competitor is in direct confrontation.”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
The men's long jump world record was set more than 30 years ago (1991: 8.95 m) and only one other athlete has performed within 2% of it since.
“An example of this is the men's long jump, in which the world record was set more than 30 years ago (1991: 8.95 m) and only one other athlete has performed to within 2% of the world record since that time.43”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
The men's 50-km race walk was included as an Olympic Event from 1932 to 2020, the women's event has never featured on the Olympic Games program, and since World Athletics started recording times in 2017, only 182 athletes have posted verified times.
“For instance, although the men's 50-km race walk was included as an Olympic Event from 1932 to 2020, the women's event has never featured on the Olympic Games program, and since World Athletics started recording times in 2017, only 182 athletes have posted verified times.43”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
Since the 1960s, East African countries, particularly Kenya and Ethiopia, have dominated the sport of endurance running.
“Since the 1960s, East African countries, particularly Kenya and Ethiopia have dominated the sport of endurance running.43”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.3.363 · Cited by 9,564 · see citing works
Review of research in education
Shulman, L. S., Mowry, S., & Berliner, D. C. (1973) · F.E. Peacock eBooks · Cited by 7,754 · see citing works
Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 · Cited by 4,829 · see citing works
The four-phase model of interest development
Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_4 · Cited by 4,702 · see citing works
Evidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth
Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J. R., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., Must, A., Nixon, P. A., Pivarnik, J. M., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055 · Cited by 4,222 · see citing works
Self-citationMoral Identity and Developmental Theory
Lapsley, D. K. (2015) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000435926 · Cited by 3,836 · see citing works
(2006) · PubMed · Cited by 3,378 · see citing works
Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöstróm, M. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774 · Cited by 2,885 · see citing works
Chapter 3: Rethinking Transfer: A Simple Proposal With Multiple Implications
Bransford, J. D., & Schwartz, D. L. (1999) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.2307/1167267 · Cited by 1,817 · see citing works
Ebell, M. H., Siwek, J., Weiss, B. D., Woolf, S. H., Susman, J. L., Ewigman, B., & Bowman, M. A. (2004) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.17.1.59 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Principles of sensorimotor learning
Wolpert, D. M., Diedrichsen, J., & Flanagan, J. R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3112 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Masters, R. S. W. (1992) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Youth sport programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development
Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2005) · Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/1740898042000334890 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Self-citationFaigenbaum, A. D., Kraemer, W. J., Blimkie, C. J. R., Jeffreys, I., Micheli, L. J., Nitka, M., & Rowland, T. W. (2009) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31819df407 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Soligard, T., Myklebust, G., Steffen, K., Holme, I., Silvers, H. J., Bizzini, M., Junge, A., Dvořák, J., Bahr, R., & Andersen, T. E. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2469 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M. L., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C. A., Faigenbaum, A. D., Hall, G., Kriemler, S., Léglise, M., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094962 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Self-citationParuthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D’Ambrosio, C. M., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., Malow, B. A., Maski, K. P., Nichols, C. D., Quan, S. F., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6288 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0196-4 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice
(2005) · Sport & Exercise Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpssepr.2005.1.2.56 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Biological maturation of youth athletes: assessment and implications
Malina, R. M., Rogol, A. D., Cumming, S. P., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094623 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Self-citationPreventive Effect of Eccentric Training on Acute Hamstring Injuries in Men’s Soccer
Petersen, J., Thorborg, K., Nielsen, M. B., Budtz–Jørgensen, E., & Hölmich, P. (2011) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546511419277 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus
Lloyd, R. S., Faigenbaum, A. D., Stone, M. H., Oliver, J. L., Jeffreys, I., Moody, J. A., Brewer, C., Pierce, K. C., McCambridge, T. M., Howard, R., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092952 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Self-citationSport-Specific Practice and the Development of Expert Decision-Making in Team Ball Sports
Baker, J. R., Cote, J., & Abernethy, B. (2003) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200305400 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Sports-Specialized Intensive Training and the Risk of Injury in Young Athletes
Jayanthi, N. A., LaBella, C. R., Fischer, D., et al. (2015) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546514567298 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout in child and adolescent athletes
Brenner, J. S., & and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0887 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Self-citationNational Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development
Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J. B., Faigenbaum, A. D., Haff, G. G., Howard, R., Kraemer, W. J., Micheli, L. J., Myer, G. D., & Oliver, J. L. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001387 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Task values, achievement goals, and interest: An integrative analysis.
Hulleman, C. S., Durik, A. M., Schweigert, S. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.2.398 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Avoidance of Soccer Injuries with Preseason Conditioning
Heidt, R. S., Sweeterman, L. M., Carlonas, R. L., Traub, J. A., & Tekulve, F. Y. (2000) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465000280050601 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.29.1.39 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study
Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., España‐Romero, V., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Moreno, L. A., Μanios, Y., Béghin, L., Ottevaere, C., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.062679 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--United States, 2003
Grunbaum, J. A., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., & Lowry, R. (2004) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e307132005-001 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Côté, J., Lidor, R., & Hackfort, D. (2009) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2009.9671889 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Self-citationFundamental Movement Skill Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Cliff, D. P., Okely, A. D., Scott, H. A., Cohen, K. E., & Lubans, D. R. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1167 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects
Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.068098 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Preventing injuries in female youth football – a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Steffen, K., Myklebust, G., Olsen, O. E., Holme, I., & Bahr, R. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00703.x · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Malina, R. M. (2010) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181fe3166 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationMyer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015) · Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738115598747 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationTalent identification and promotion programmes of Olympic athletes
Vaeyens, R., Güllich, A., Warr, C., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2009) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410903110974 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationSports Specialization and Intensive Training in Young Athletes
Brenner, J. S. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2148 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationRees, T., Hardy, L., Güllich, A., Abernethy, B., Côté, J., Woodman, T., Montgomery, H., Laing, S. J., & Warr, C. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0476-2 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationAOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement
LaPrade, R. F., Agel, J. A., Baker, J. R., et al. (2016) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967116644241 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports
DiFiori, J. P., Benjamin, H. J., Brenner, J. S., Gregory, A. J. M., Jayanthi, N. A., Landry, G. L., & Luke, A. C. (2013) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000060 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrack, M. T., Gibbs, J. C., De Souza, M. J., Williams, N. I., Nichols, J. F., Rauh, M. J., & Nattiv, A. (2014) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546513520295 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
The Epidemiology of US High School Basketball Injuries, 2005–2007
Borowski, L. A., Yard, E. E., Fields, S. K., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546508322893 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Positive Youth Development Through Sport
(2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203944783 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Injury in Adolescent Soccer
Emery, C. A., Meeuwisse, W. H., & Hartmann, S. E. (2005) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546505279576 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Ford, P. R., Ward, P., Hodges, N. J., & WILLIAMS, A. M. (2009) · High Ability Studies · doi:10.1080/13598130902860721 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
LaBella, C. R., Huxford, M. R., Grissom, J., Kim, K.-Y., Peng, J., & Christoffel, K. K. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.168 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Kann, L. K., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., Lowry, R., Olsen, E. O., McManus, T., Chyen, D., et al. (2014) · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The developmental model of sport participation: 15 years after its first conceptualization
Côté, J., & Vierimaa, M. (2014) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2014.08.133 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationStrength Training by Children and Adolescents
McCambridge, T. M., & Stricker, P. R. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3790 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
From play to practice: A developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sports
Cote, J., Baker, J. R., & Abernethy, A. B. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Hill-Haas, S. V., DAWSON, B. T., Coutts, A. J., & Rowsell, G. J. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410802206857 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Examining Adolescent Sport Dropout and Prolonged Engagement from a Developmental Perspective
Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200802163549 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental activities that lead to dropout and investment in sport
Wall, M., & Côté, J. (2007) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408980601060358 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationEmery, C. A., Rose, M. S., McAllister, J., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2007) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e31802e9c05 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Influence of Sports Participation on Bone Health in the Young Athlete: A Review of the Literature
Tenforde, A. S., & Fredericson, M. (2011) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.05.019 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Characteristics of expert development in rhythmic gymnastics: a retrospective study.
Law, M. P., Côté, J., & Ericsson, K. A. (2007) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2008.9671814 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Self-citationLate specialization: the key to success in centimeters, grams, or seconds (cgs) sports
Moesch, K., Elbe, A., Hauge, M.-L. T., & Wikman, J. M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01280.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
From novice to no know-how: A longitudinal study of implicit motor learning
Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., & Eves, F. F. (2000) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404100365180 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Hall, R. T., Foss, K. B., Hewett, T. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2013-0101 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The FIFA 11+ Program Is Effective in Preventing Injuries in Elite Male Basketball Players
Longo, U. G., Loppini, M., Berton, A., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546512438761 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Motor learning and performance: A problem-based learning approach
Pringle, R. K. (2000) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mmt.2000.106091 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Transfer of pattern recall skills may contribute to the development of sport expertise
Abernethy, B., Baker, J. R., & Côté, J. (2005) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1102 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationTwisk, J. W. R., Kemper, H. C. G., & van Mechelen, W. (2002) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2002-28455 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Thirteen-Year Trends in Child and Adolescent Fundamental Movement Skills: 1997–2010
HARDY, L. L., BARNETT, L., ESPINEL, P., & OKELY, A. D. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318295a9fc · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Gulbin, J. P., Croser, M. J., Morley, E. J., & Weissensteiner, J. R. (2013) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.781661 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Predictors of Running-Related Injuries in Novice Runners Enrolled in a Systematic Training Program
Buist, I., Bredeweg, S. W., LEMMINK, K. A. P. M., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546509347985 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Prevalence of Sport Specialization in High School Athletics
Bell, D. R., Post, E. G., Trigsted, S. M., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546516629943 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Baker, J. R., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200590907577 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citation(2002) · Journal of sport behavior · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Parallels with the Female Athlete Triad in Male Athletes
Tenforde, A., Barrack, M., Nattiv, A., & Fredericson, M. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0411-y · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Considering long‐term sustainability in the development of world class success
Güllich, A., & Emrich, E. (2012) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.706320 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen Is It Too Early for Single Sport Specialization?
Feeley, B. T., Agel, J. A., & LaPrade, R. F. (2015) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546515576899 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hansen, D. M., & Larson, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.006 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Carlson, R. (1988) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.5.3.241 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Perkins, D. F., Jacobs, J. E., Barber, B. L., & Eccles, J. S. (2004) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x03261619 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in Collegiate and High School Athletics in the United States
Roos, K. G., Marshall, S. W., Kerr, Z. Y., Golightly, Y. M., Kucera, K. L., Myers, J. B., Rosamond, W. D., & Comstock, R. D. (2015) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546515580790 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Visscher, C., LEMMINK, K. A. P. M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410600719945 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
From early to adult sport success: Analysing athletes' progression in national squads
Barreiros, A., Côté, J., & Fonseca, A. M. (2012) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.671368 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationVella, S. A., Cliff, D. P., Magee, C., & Okely, A. D. (2014) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.071 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Ford, P. R., & WILLIAMS, A. M. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.09.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Correlates of Stress Fractures Among Preadolescent and Adolescent Girls
Loud, K. J., Gordon, C. M., Micheli, L. J., & Field, A. E. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1868 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2010) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181de1214 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Youth sports specialization and musculoskeletal injury: a systematic review of the literature
Fabricant, P. D., Lakomkin, N., Sugimoto, D., Tepolt, F. A., Stracciolini, A., & Kocher, M. S. (2016) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2016.1177476 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Do pattern recognition skills transfer across sports? A preliminary analysis
Smeeton, N. J., Ward, P., & WILLIAMS, A. M. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410310001641494 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Weissensteiner, J. R., Abernethy, B., Farrow, D., & Müller, S. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.6.663 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Pearce, N., & Larson, R. W. (2006) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads1003_2 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Practice and play in the development of German top‐level professional football players
Hornig, M., Aust, F., & Güllich, A. (2014) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.982204 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of Basketball, Soccer, and Volleyball Injuries in Middle-School Female Athletes
Foss, K. D. B., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2014) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2014.05.2066 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Deliberate practice and expert performance
Ward, P., Hodges, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203646564-18 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Specializers” versus “Samplers” in Youth Sport: Comparing Experiences and Outcomes
Strachan, L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. M. (2009) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.23.1.77 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationThe dynamic process of development through sport
Côté, J., Turnnidge, J., & Evans, M. B. (2014) · Kinesiologia Slovenica scientific journal on sport · doi:10.52165/kinsi.20.3.14-26 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationTwisk, J. W. R., Kemper, H. C. G., & van Mechelen, W. (2002) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2002-28461 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The benefits of sampling sports during childhood
Côté, J., Horton, S., MacDonald, D. J., & Wilkes, S. (2009) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationVariability in the Response of HDL Cholesterol to Exercise Training in the HERITAGE Family Study
Leon, A. S., Gaskill, S. E., Rice, T., Bergeron, J., Gagnon, J., Rao, D. C., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., & Bouchard, C. (2002) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2002-19270 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Injuries in Norwegian female elite soccer: a prospective one‐season cohort study
Tegnander, A., Olsen, O. E., Moholdt, T. T., et al. (2007) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-007-0403-z · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., & Cumming, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.1.1.23 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Evaluation of the support of young athletes in the elite sports system
Güllich, A., & Emrich, E. (2006) · European Journal for Sport and Society · doi:10.1080/16138171.2006.11687783 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationSociodemographic Predictors of Sport Injury in Adolescents
ROSE, M. S., Emery, C. A., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815ce61a · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Developing football expertise: a football-specific research review
Haugaasen, M., & Jordet, G. (2012) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.677951 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Many roads lead to Rome – Developmental paths to Olympic gold in men's field hockey
Güllich, A. (2014) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.905983 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationBrouwers, J., Bosscher, V. D., & Sotiriadou, P. (2012) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.smr.2012.05.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The relationship between athletic participation and high school students' leadership ability.
Dobosz, R. P., & Beaty, L. A. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Visnes, H., Aandahl, H. Å., & Bahr, R. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091385 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Güllich, A. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1265662 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacteristics of stress fractures in young athletes under 20 years.
Ohta-Fukushima, M., Mutoh, Y., Takasugi, S.-I., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 88 · see citing works
History of Sport Participation in Relation to Obesity and Related Health Behaviors in Women
Alfano, C. M., Klesges, R. C., Murray, D. M., Beech, B. M., & McClanahan, B. S. (2002) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0963 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Diversification and Deliberate Play during the Sampling Years
Côté, J., & Erickson, K. T. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315776675-27 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationCumps, E., Verhagen, E. A. L. M., & MEEUSEN, R. R. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Souza, M. D. D., Nattiv, A., Joy, E., Misra, M., Williams, N., Mallinson, R. J., Gibbs, J. C., Olmsted, M., Goolsby, M. A., & Matheson, G. (2014) · Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000085 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Injuries to High School Football Athletes in California
Ramirez, M. R., Schaffer, K. B., Shen, H., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546505284385 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Success in elite cycling: A prospective and retrospective analysis of race results
Schumacher, Y. O., Mroz, R., Mueller, P., et al. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500457299 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Coutinho, P., Mesquita, I., Davids, K., Fonseca, A. M., & Côté, J. (2016) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.04.004 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationLangendonck, L. V. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg170 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Current Perspectives on Profiling and Enhancing Wheelchair Court Sport Performance
Paulson, T. A. W., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0231 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The scientific foundations and associated injury risks of early soccer specialisation
Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., Croix, M. B. A. D. S., Myer, G. D., & Lloyd, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1173221 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
McCabe, K. O., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0454-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Overuse Injuries in High School Athletes
Cuff, S. C., Loud, K. J., & O’Riordan, M. A. (2010) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922810363154 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Appelqvist‐Schmidlechner, K., Vaara, J. P., HÄKKINEN, A. H., Vasankari, T. J., Mäkinen, J., Mäntysaari, M., & Kyröläinen, H. (2017) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117117746336 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study
Wijnstok, N. J., Hoekstra, T., van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H. C. G., & Twisk, J. W. R. (2012) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys028 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Benefits and Practical Use of Cross-Training in Sports
Loy, S. F., Hoffmann, J. J., & Holland, G. J. (1995) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199519010-00001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Agostinete, R. R., Lynch, K. R., Gobbo, L. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2016.04.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Güllich, A. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1449089 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Beijsterveldt, A. M. C., Krist, M. R., Schmikli, S. L., Stubbe, J. H., de Wit, G. A., Inklaar, H., van de Port, I. G. L., & BACKX, F. J. G. (2010) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.2010.027979 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Davids, K., Güllich, A., Shuttleworth, R., & Araújo, D. (2017) · SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) · doi:10.4324/9781315668017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth behavior changes in adolescence and young adulthood: Implications for cardiometabolic risk.
Ames, M. E., Leadbeater, B. J. R., & MacDonald, S. W. S. (2017) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000560 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
On the Efficacy of Talent Identification and Talent Development Programmes
Güllich, A., & Cobley, S. P. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315668017-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationA Personal Assets Approach to Youth Sport
Côté, J., Turnnidge, J., & Vierimaa, M. (2016) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · doi:10.4324/9780203795002.ch23 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationStanforth, D., Lu, T., Stults‐Kolehmainen, M., Crim, B. N., & Stanforth, P. R. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000785 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Deliberate practice and expert performance : defining the path to excellence
Ward, P., Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., & Starkes, J. L. (2004) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Participation in High-Impact Sports Predicts Bone Mineral Density in Senior Olympic Athletes
Leigey, D. F., Irrgang, J. J., Francis, K., Cohen, P. Z., & Wright, V. J. (2009) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738109347979 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Calafat, C. B., Farrerons, J., Farrés, M. G., & Serra-Grima, J. R. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prioritizing School Intramural and Interscholastic Programs Based on Observed Physical Activity
Bocarro, J. N., Kanters, M. A., Edwards, M. B., Casper, J. M., & McKenzie, T. L. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.130430-quan-205 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Making It to the Top in Team Sports: Start Later, Intensify, and Be Determined!
Moesch, K., Hauge, M.-L. T., Wikman, J. M., et al. (2013) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Enhanced Bone Mass and Physical Fitness in Prepubescent Basketball Players
Zribi, A., Zouch, M., Chaari, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2013.04.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Drahota, A., Gal, D., Windsor, J., Dixon, S., Udell, J. E., Ward, D., Soilemezi, D., Dean, T., & Severs, M. P. (2011) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040154 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Weissensteiner, J. R. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315668017-10 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Incidence of injury based on sports participation in high school athletes
Kahlenberg, C. A., Nair, R., Monroe, E. J., Terry, M. A., & Edwards, S. L. (2016) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2016.1180269 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the Efficacy of Talent Identification and Talent Development Programmes
Güllich, A., & Cobley, S. P. (2017) · doi:10.4324/9781315668017.ch7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationAn examination of athletes' experiences of the talent transfer process
Rea, T., & Lavallee, D. E. (2015) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining Young Recreational Male Soccer Players' Experience in Adult- and Peer-Led Structures
Imtiaz, F., Hancock, D. J., & Côté, J. (2016) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2016.1189073 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationYouth Sport Readiness: A Predictive Model for Success.
Aicinena, S. (1992) · The Physical Educator · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- [16]Brenner JS Small EW Bernhardt DT American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness Pediatrics. 2007 119 6 1242 1245 17545398
- [53]Van Mechelen W Twisk J Kemper H The relationship between physical activity and physical fitness in youth and cardiovascular health later on in life Int J Sports Med. 2002 23 S1 S50 12012256
- [96]Cathey RM. Retrospective practice histories of expert and novice baseball pitchers (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Carolina, Columbia. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. 2010. [UMI No. 3413286].
- [127]Côté J Fraser-Thomas J Crocker PRE Youth involvement and positive development in sport Sport psychology: a Canadian perspective 2016 3 Toronto Pearson 256 287
- [144]Malina RM Weiss MR Gould D Readiness for competitive youth sport Chapter 7 Sport for children and youths 1986 Champaign Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc 45 50
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework
McKay, A. K. A., Stellingwerff, T., Smith, E. S., Martin, D. T., Mujika, I., Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L., Sheppard, J., & Burke, L. M. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451 · Cited by 3,093 · see citing works
- Authors
- DiFiori, J. P., Güllich, A., Brenner, J. S., Côté, J., Hainline, B., Ryan, E., & Malina, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Special Surgery (US)
- University of Kaiserslautern (DE)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- DiFiori, John P.
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2018-06-30
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2053-2065
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- PMC
- PMC6096539
- OpenAlex
- W2809774965
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Keywords
- youth basketball, youth sport participation, competitive success, sports injuries, burnout, psychosocial outcomes, physical health outcomes, performance outcomes, NBA
- MeSH terms
- Youth Sports, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, Basketball, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Guidelines as Topic, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
