Cited by 128Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchBehavioral and Psychological StudiesChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

Applied Behavior Analysis in Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review

Open access
Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Chichkine, Natalia, McArthur, Laura, Sangha, Sarabjit S., Symington, Vivien·2022·Perspectives on Behavior Science

Abstract

This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of applied behavior analysis (ABA) on children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Seven online databases and identified systematic reviews were searched for published, peer-reviewed, English-language studies examining the impact of ABA on health outcomes. Measured outcomes were classified into eight categories: cognitive, language, social/communication, problem behavior, adaptive behavior, emotional, autism symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Improvements were observed across seven of the eight outcome measures. There were no included studies that measured subject QoL. Moreover, of 770 included study records, only 32 (4%) assessed ABA impact, had a comparison to a control or other intervention, and did not rely on mastery of specific skills to mark improvement. Results reinforce the need for large-scale prospective studies that compare ABA with other non-ABA interventions and include measurements of subject QoL to provide policy makers with valuable information on the impacts of ABA and other existing and emerging interventions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40614-022-00338-x

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • No studies have measured the effect of ABA on autistic subjective quality of life.

    “Although labelled as an evidencebased psychological intervention with favourable outcomes, no studies have measured the effect of ABA on autistic subjective quality of life (Gitimoghaddam et al., 2022).”

    From Rethinking psychological interventions in autism: Toward a neurodiversity‐affirming approach. (2025) · cites this paper as Gitimoghaddam et al., 2022

    The Results (Study Outcomes and Findings) state that none of the reviewed study records measured subject quality of life. The claim says no studies have done so at all, whereas the paper establishes this only for the studies included in its review of children and youth with autism. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

No citation lists for this paper

No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.

References 146 · Cited by 128

Research works printed but not linked: 125

  1. Allison J Wilder DA Chong I Lugo A Pike J Rudy N A comparison of differential reinforcement and noncontingent reinforcement to treat food selectivity in a child with autism Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2012 45 3 613 617 10.1901/jaba.2012.45-613 23060675 PMC3469290 · DOI
  2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Arim RG Miller AR Guèvremont A Lach LM Brehaut JC Kohen DE Children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities: a population-based study of healthcare service utilization using administrative data Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2017 59 12 1284 1290 10.1111/dmcn.13557 28905997 · DOI
  4. Arntzen E Almås IK Effects of mand-tact versus tact-only training on the acquisition of tacts Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2002 35 4 419 422 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-419 12555915 PMC1284406 · DOI
  5. Baer DM Wolf MW Risley TR Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1968 1 91 97 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 16795165 PMC1310980 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Bassett, K., Green, C. J., & Kazanjian, A. (2000). Autism and Lovaas treatment: A systematic review of effectiveness evidence. British Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment. 10.14288/1.0045257 · DOI
  7. Bellini S Akullian J A meta-analysis of video modeling and video self-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders Exceptional Children 2007 73 3 264 287 10.1177/001440290707300301 · DOI
  8. Bijou SW Peterson RF Ault MH A method to integrate descriptive and experimental field studies at the level of data and empirical concepts Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1968 1 2 175 191 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-175 16795175 PMC1310995 · DOI
  9. Birnbrauer JS Leach DJ The Murdoch early intervention program after 2 years Behaviour Change 1993 10 2 63 74 10.1017/S0813483900005556 · DOI
  10. Bishop-Fitzpatrick L Minshew NJ Eack SM A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2013 43 3 687 694 10.1007/s10803-012-1615-8 22825929 PMC3508309 · DOI
  11. Boyle CA Boulet S Schieve LA Cohen RA Blumberg SJ Yeargin-Allsopp M Visser S Kogan MD Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008 Pediatrics 2011 127 6 1034 1042 10.1542/peds.2010-2989 21606152 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Brunner DL Seung H Evaluation of the efficacy of communication-based treatments for autism spectrum disorders: A literature review Communication Disorders Quarterly 2009 31 1 15 41 10.1177/1525740108324097 · DOI
  13. Buescher AVS Cidav Z Knapp M Mandell DS Costs of autism spectrum disorders in the United Kingdom and the United States JAMA Pediatrics 2014 168 8 721 728 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.210 24911948 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Campanaro AM Vladescu JC Kodak T DeBar RM Nippes KC Comparing skill acquisition under varying onsets of differential reinforcement: A preliminary analysis Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020 53 2 690 706 10.1002/jaba.615 31347699 · DOI
  15. Carr EG Durand VM Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1985 18 2 111 126 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 2410400 PMC1307999 · DOI
  16. Carroll RA Kodak T Adolf KJ Effect of delayed reinforcement on skill acquisition during discrete-trial instruction: Implications for treatment-integrity errors in academic settings Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2016 49 1 176 181 10.1002/jaba.268 26947579 · DOI
  17. Carroll RA Kodak T Fisher WW An evaluation of programmed treatment-integrity errors during discrete-trial instruction Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2013 46 2 379 394 10.1002/jaba.49 24114154 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Charlop MH Schreibman L Thibodeau MG Increasing spontaneous verbal responding in autistic children using a time delay procedure Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1985 18 2 155 166 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 4019351 PMC1308002 · DOI
  19. Charlop-Christy MH Daneshvar S Using video modeling to teach perspective taking to children with autism Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 2003 5 1 12 21 10.1177/10983007030050010101 · DOI
  20. Cihon JH Ferguson JL Leaf JB Milne CM Leaf R McEachin J A randomized clinical trial of three prompting systems to teach tact relations Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020 53 2 727 743 10.1002/jaba.617 31347696 · DOI
  21. Colquhoun HL Levac D O’Brien KK Straus S Tricco AC Perrier L Kastner M Moher D Scoping reviews: Time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2014 67 12 1291 1294 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013 25034198 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Dawson G Bernier R A quarter century of progress on the early detection and treatment of autism spectrum disorder Development & Psychopathology 2013 25 4pt2 1455 1472 10.1017/S0954579413000710 24342850 · DOI
  23. Delano ME Video modeling Interventions for individuals with autism Remedial & Special Education 2007 28 1 33 42 10.1177/07419325070280010401 · DOI
  24. Delfs CH Conine DE Frampton SE Shillingsburg MA Robinson HC Evaluation of the efficiency of listener and tact instruction for children with autism Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2014 47 4 793 809 10.1002/jaba.166 25324150 · DOI
  25. Department of Defense. (2019). The Department of Defense comprehensive autism care demonstration quarterly report to Congress, second quarter, fiscal year 2019. Washington, DC, United States of America.
  26. Diggle, T. T. J., McConachie, H. H. R., & Randle, V. R. (2002). Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD003496. 10.1002/14651858.cd003496 12535477 · DOI
  27. Dixon MR Belisle J Stanley CR Rowsey K Student outcomes after 1 year of front line staff implementation of the PEAK curriculum Behavioral Interventions 2018 33 2 185 195 10.1002/bin.1516 · DOI
  28. Dugan, K. T. (2006). Facilitating independent behaviors in children with autism employing picture activity schedules (Publication No. 3230863). [Doctoral dissertation, Farley Dickinson University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
  29. Dwiggins, G. A. (2009). Promoting efficiency: A comparison of two teaching protocols in the education of children with autism (Publication No. 3328158). [Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 69(9-A). ProQuest Information & Learning.
  30. Dyer, K. (2013). Antecedent-behavior-consequence (ABC) analysis. In F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders (pp. 175–180). New York, NY: Springer.
  31. Eikeseth S Smith T Jahr E Eldevik S Outcome for children with autism who began intensive behavioral treatment between ages 4 and 7: A comparison controlled study Behavior Modification 2007 31 3 264 278 10.1177/0145445506291396 17438342 · DOI
  32. Eldevik S Hastings RP Hughes JC Jahr E Eikeseth S Cross S Meta-analysis of early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2009 38 3 439 450 10.1080/15374410902851739 19437303 · DOI
  33. Elsabbagh M Divan G Koh YJ Kim YS Kauchali S Marcín C Montiel-Nava C Patel V Paula CS Wang C Yasamy MT Fombonne E Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders Autism Research 2012 5 3 160 179 10.1002/aur.239 22495912 PMC3763210 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Ezzeddine EW DeBar RM Reeve SA Townsend DB Using video modeling to teach play comments to dyads with ASD Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020 53 2 767 781 10.1002/jaba.621 31378940 · DOI
  35. Fernell E Hedvall A Westerlund J Hoglund Carlsson L Eriksson M Barnevik Olsson M Holm A Norrelgen F Kjellmer L Gillberg C Early intervention in 208 Swedish preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. A prospective naturalistic study Research in Developmental Disabilities 2011 32 6 2092 2101 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.08.002 21985993 · DOI
  36. Fisher WW O’Connor JT Kurtz PF DeLeon IG Gotjen DL The effects of noncontingent delivery of high- and low-preference stimuli on attention-maintained destructive behavior Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2000 33 1 79 83 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-79 10738954 PMC1284224 · DOI
  37. Gongola, L. C. (2009). The influence of a differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) protocol with an embedded token economy to reduce challenging behaviors among children with autism. (Publication No. 3338321) [Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University]. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, 69(11-A). ProQuest Information & Learning.
  38. Grannan L Rehfeldt RA Emergent intraverbal responses via tact and match-to-sample instruction Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2012 45 3 601 605 10.1901/jaba.2012.45-601 23060673 PMC3469306 · DOI
  39. Granpeesheh D Tarbox J Dixon DR Applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism: A description and review of treatment research Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2009 21 3 162 173 19758537
  40. Groskreutz MP Groskreutz NC Higbee TS Response competition and stimulus preference in the treatment of automatically reinforced behavior: A comparison Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2011 44 1 211 215 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-211 21541129 PMC3050455 · DOI
  41. Grow LL Carr JE Kodak TM Jostad CM Kisamore AN A comparison of methods for teaching receptive labeling to children with autism spectrum disorders Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2011 44 3 475 498 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-475 21941380 PMC3177331 · DOI
  42. Hayward D Eikeseth S Gale C Morgan S Assessing progress during treatment for young children with autism receiving intensive behavioural interventions Autism: The International Journal of Research & Practice 2009 13 6 613 633 10.1177/1362361309340029 19933766 · DOI
  43. Hilton JC Seal BC Brief report: Comparative ABA and DIR trials in twin brothers with autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2007 37 1197 1201 10.1007/s10803-006-0258-z 17072747 · DOI
  44. Horner RH Carr EG Strain PS Todd AW Reed HK Problem behavior interventions for young children with autism: A research synthesis Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2002 32 5 423 446 10.1023/A:1020593922901 12463518 · DOI
  45. Howard JS Stanislaw H Green G Sparkman CR Cohen HG Comparison of behavior analytic and eclectic early interventions for young children with autism after three years Research in Developmental Disabilities 2014 35 12 3326 3344 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.021 25190094 · DOI
  46. Howlin P Gordon RK Pasco G Wade A Charman T The effectiveness of picture exchange communication system (PECS) training for teachers of children with autism: A pragmatic, group randomised controlled trial Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 2007 48 5 473 481 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01707.x 17501728 · DOI
  47. Hoyson M Jamieson B Strain PS Individualized group instruction of normally developing and autistic-like children: The LEAP curriculum model Journal of the Division for Early Childhood 1984 8 2 157 172 10.1177/105381518400800209 · DOI
  48. Hwang B Hughes C The effects of social interactive training on early social communicative skills of children with autism Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2000 30 4 331 343 10.1023/A:1005579317085 11039859 · DOI
  49. Idring, S., Rai, D., Dal, H., Dalman, C., Sturm, H., Zander, E., Lee, B. K., Serlachius, E., & Magnusson, C. (2012). Autism spectrum disorders in the Stockholm youth cohort: Design, prevalence and validity. PLoS ONE, 7(7). 10.1371/journal.pone.0041280 PMC3401114 22911770 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Jessel J Ma S Spartinos J Villanueva A Transitioning from rich to lean reinforcement as a form of error correction Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020 53 4 2108 2125 10.1002/jaba.717 32342522 · DOI
  51. Kamio, Y., Haraguchi, H., Miyake, A., & Hiraiwa, M. (2015). Brief report: Large individual variation in outcomes of autistic children receiving low-intensity behavioral interventions in community settings. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 10.1186/s13034-015-0039-6 PMC4425890 25960766 · DOI
  52. Kim YS Leventhal BL Koh YJ Fombonne E Laska E Lim EC Cheon KA Kim SJ Kim YK Lee HK Song DH Grinker RR Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample American Journal of Psychiatry 2011 168 9 904 912 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532 21558103 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Koenig K Williams White S Pachler M Lau M Lewis M Klin A Scahill L Promoting social skill development in children with pervasive developmental disorders: A feasibility and efficacy study Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2010 40 1209 1218 10.1007/s10803-010-0979-x 20204689 · DOI
  54. Kovshoff H Hastings RP Remington B Two-year outcomes for children with autism after the cessation of early intensive behavioral intervention Behavior Modification 2011 35 5 427 450 10.1177/0145445511405513 21586502 · DOI
  55. Lai MC Lombardo MV Baron-Cohen S Autism The Lancet 2014 383 9920 896 910 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1 24074734 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Landa RJ Holman KC O’Neill AH Stuart EA Intervention targeting development of socially synchronous engagement in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 2011 52 1 13 21 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02288.x 21126245 PMC3059234 · DOI · Paper page
  57. Leaf JB Cihon JH Ferguson JL Milne CM Leaf R McEachin J Comparing error correction to errorless learning: A randomized clinical trial Analysis of Verbal Behavior 2020 36 1 1 20 10.1007/s40616-019-00124-y 32699736 PMC7343685 · DOI
  58. Leaf JB Leaf JA Milne C Taubman M Oppenheim-Leaf M Torres N Townley-Cochran D Leaf R McEachin J Yoder P An evaluation of a behaviorally based social skills group for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2017 47 2 243 259 10.1007/s10803-016-2949-4 27807755 · DOI
  59. Lee GT Singer-Dudek J Effects of fluency versus accuracy training on endurance and retention of assembly tasks by four adolescents with developmental disabilities Journal of Behavioral Education 2012 21 1 1 17 10.1007/s10864-011-9142-9 · DOI
  60. Lee S-H Simpson RL Shogren KA Effects and implications of self-management for students with autism: A meta-analysis Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities 2007 22 1 2 13 10.1177/10883576070220010101 · DOI
  61. Lerna, A., Esposito, D., Conson, M., Russo, L., & Massagli, A. (2012). Social-communicative effects of the picture exchange communication system (PECS) in autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00172.x 22938071 · DOI
  62. Lindgren S Wacker D Suess A Schieltz K Pelzel K Kopelman T Lee J Romani P Waldron D Telehealth and autism: Treating challenging behavior at lower cost Pediatrics 2016 137 S167 S175 10.1542/peds.2015-2851O 26908472 PMC4727312 · DOI
  63. Lobo MA Moeyaert M Cunha AB Babik I Single-case design, analysis, and quality assessment for intervention research Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 2017 41 3 187 197 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000187 28628553 PMC5492992 · DOI
  64. Lovaas OI Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1987 55 1 3 9 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 3571656 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Lovaas OI Schreibman L Koegel RL A behavior modification approach to the treatment of autistic children Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia 1974 4 2 111 129 10.1007/BF02105365 4479842 · DOI
  66. Luiselli, J. K., Russo, D. C., Christian, W. P., & Wilcyznski, S. M. (2008). Effective practices for children with autism: Educational and behavior support interventions that work. Oxford University Press.
  67. Luiselli JK O’Malley Cannon B Ellis JT Sisson RW Home-based behavioral intervention for young children with autism/pervasive developmental disorder: A preliminary evaluation of outcome in relation to child age and intensity of service delivery Autism 2000 4 4 426 438 10.1177/1362361300004004007 · DOI
  68. Lydon H Healy O Leader G A comparison of video modeling and pivotal response training to teach pretend play skills to children with autism spectrum disorder Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2011 5 2 872 884 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.002 · DOI
  69. Lyons EA Rue HC Luiselli JK DiGennaro FD Brief functional analysis and supplemental feeding for postmeal rumination in children with developmental disabilities Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2007 40 4 743 747 10.1901/jaba.2007.743-747 18189110 PMC2078561 · DOI
  70. Magiati I Charman T Howlin P A two-year prospective follow-up study of community-based early intensive behavioural intervention and specialist nursery provision for children with autism spectrum disorders Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 2007 48 8 803 812 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01756.x 17683452 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Majdalany L Wilder DA Smeltz L Lipschultz J The effect of brief delays to reinforcement on the acquisition of tacts in children with autism Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2016 49 2 411 415 10.1002/jaba.282 26792114 · DOI
  72. Makrygianni MK Gena A Katoudi S Galanis P The effectiveness of applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic study Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2018 51 June 2017 18 31 10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.006 · DOI
  73. Matson JL Smith KRM Current status of intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism and PDD-NOS Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2008 2 1 60 74 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.003 · DOI
  74. McConachie H Diggle T Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2007 13 1 120 129 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x 17286734 · DOI · Paper page
  75. McDougale CB Richling SM Longino EB O’Rourke SA Mastery criteria and maintenance: A descriptive analysis of applied research procedures Behavior Analysis in Practice 2020 13 2 402 410 10.1007/s40617-019-00365-2 32642396 PMC7314871 · DOI
  76. Mello C Rivard M Terroux A Mercier C Differential responses to early behavioural intervention in young children with autism spectrum disorders as a function of features of intellectual disability Journal on Developmental Disabilities 2018 23 3 5 17
  77. Miller AR Mâsse LC Shen J Schiariti V Roxborough L Diagnostic status, functional status and complexity among Canadian children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities: A population-based study Disability & Rehabilitation 2013 35 6 468 478 10.3109/09638288.2012.699580 22794277 · DOI
  78. Miller A Shen J Mâsse LC Child functional characteristics explain child and family outcomes better than diagnosis: Population-based study of children with autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders/disabilities Health Reports 2016 27 6 9 18 27305076
  79. Mohammadzaheri F Koegel LK Rezaee M Rafiee SM A randomized clinical trial comparison between pivotal response treatment (PRT) and structured applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention for children with autism Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2014 44 2769 2777 10.1007/s10803-014-2137-3 24840596 PMC4194254 · DOI
  80. Mohammadzaheri F Koegel LK Rezaei M Bakhshi E A randomized clinical trial comparison between pivotal response treatment (PRT) and adult-driven applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention on disruptive behaviors in public school children with autism Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2015 45 9 2899 2907 10.1007/s10803-015-2451-4 25953148 PMC4554985 · DOI
  81. Novack MN Hong E Dixon DR Granpeesheh D An evaluation of a mobile application designed to teach receptive language skills to children with autism spectrum disorder Behavior Analysis in Practice 2019 12 1 66 77 10.1007/s40617-018-00312-7 30918771 PMC6411554 · DOI
  82. Odluyurt S Tekin-Iftar E Adalioglu I Does treatment integrity matter in promoting learning among children with developmental disabilities? Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 2012 32 3 143 150 10.1177/0271121410394208 · DOI
  83. Odom SL Brown WH Frey T Karasu N Lee Smith-Canter L Strain PS Evidence-based practices for young children with autism: Contributions for single-subject design research Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities 2003 18 3 166 175 10.1177/10883576030180030401 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Odom SL Collet-Klingenberg L Rogers SJ Hatton DD Evidence-based practices in interventions for children and youth with autism spectrum disorders Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children & Youth 2010 54 4 275 282 10.1080/10459881003785506 · DOI
  85. Olusanya BO Davis AC Wertlieb D Boo NY Nair MKC Halpern R Kuper H Breinbauer C de Vries PJ Gladstone M Halfon N Kancherla V Mulaudzi MC Kakooza-Mwesige A Ogbo FA Olusanya JO Williams AN Wright SM Manguerra H Kassebaum NJ Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 The Lancet Global Health 2018 6 10 e1100 e1121 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30309-7 30172774 PMC6139259 · DOI · Paper page
  86. Park HL Du L Choi J Education for children with ASD in South Korea: A case study Behavior Analysis in Practice 2020 13 4 838 848 10.1007/s40617-020-00453-8 33269194 PMC7666265 · DOI
  87. Pasco, G., & Tohill, C. (2011). Predicting progress in picture exchange communication system (PECS) use by children with autism. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 10.3109/13682822.2010.484851 20536353 · DOI
  88. Perone M How I learned to stop worrying and love replication failures Perspectives on Behavior Science 2018 42 1 91 108 10.1007/s40614-018-0153-x 31976423 PMC6701718 · DOI
  89. Plavnick JB Ferreri SJ Establishing verbal repertoires in children with autism using function-based video modeling Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2011 44 4 747 766 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-747 22219527 PMC3251279 · DOI
  90. Quigley J Griffith AK Kates-McElrath K A comparison of modeling, prompting, and a multi-component intervention for teaching play skills to children with developmental disabilities Behavior Analysis in Practice 2018 11 4 315 326 10.1007/s40617-018-0225-0 30538905 PMC6269383 · DOI
  91. Rad F Mihailescu I Nedelcu MC Buica A Stancu M Andrei E Irimie A Anghel C Dobrescu I The outcome of a sample of pre-schoolers diagnosed with ASD comorbid with ADHD after one year of Applied Behavioural Analysis Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 2019 19 2 109 118 10.24193/jebp.2019.2.16 · DOI
  92. Reed P Osborne LA Corness M The real-world effectiveness of early teaching interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder Exceptional Children 2007 73 4 417 433 10.1177/001440290707300402 · DOI
  93. Reed P Osborne LA Corness M Brief report: Relative effectiveness of different home-based behavioral approaches to early teaching intervention Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2007 37 9 1815 1821 10.1007/s10803-006-0306-8 17180714 · DOI
  94. Reichow, B., Barton, E. E., Boyd, B. A., & Hume, K. (2012). Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.10.1002/14651858.cd009260.pub2 23076956 · DOI
  95. Reichow B Barton EE Boyd BA Hume K Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD): A systematic creview Campbell Systematic Reviews 2014 9 1 1 116 10.4073/csr.2014.9 23076956 · DOI
  96. Reichow B Hume K Barton EE Boyd BA Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018 5 5 CD009260 10.1002/14651858.CD009260.pub3 29742275 PMC6494600 · DOI · Paper page
  97. Reichow B Volkmar FR Social skills interventions for individuals with autism: Evaluation for evidence-based practices within a best evidence synthesis framework Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2010 40 149 166 10.1007/s10803-009-0842-0 19655240 · DOI
  98. Reitzel J Summers J Lorv B Szatmari P Zwaigenbaum L Georgiades S Duku E Pilot randomized controlled trial of a functional behavior skills training program for young children with autism spectrum disorder who have significant early learning skill impairments and their families Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2013 7 11 1418 1432 10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.025 · DOI
  99. Richling SM Williams WL Carr JE The effects of different mastery criteria on the skill maintenance of children with developmental disabilities Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2019 52 3 701 717 10.1002/jaba.580 31155708 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Rodgers M Marshall D Simmonds M Le Couteur A Biswas M Wright K Rai D Palmer S Stewart L Hodgson R Interventions based on early intensive applied behaviour analysis for autistic children: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis Health Technology Assessment 2020 24 35 1 306 10.3310/hta24350 32686642 PMC7397479 · DOI
  101. Romaniuk C Miltenberger R Conyers C Jenner N Jurgens M Ringenberg C The influence of activity choice on problem behaviors maintained by escape versus attention Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2002 35 4 349 362 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-349 12555907 PMC1284398 · DOI
  102. Russell G Rodgers LR Ukoumunne OC Ford T Prevalence of parent-reported ASD and ADHD in the UK: Findings from the millennium cohort study Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2014 44 1 31 40 10.1007/s10803-013-1849-0 23719853 · DOI
  103. Saini V Gregory MK Uran KJ Fantetti MA Parametric analysis of response interruption and redirection as treatment for stereotypy Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2015 48 1 96 106 10.1002/jaba.186 25640901 · DOI
  104. Sallows GO Graupner TD Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors American Journal of Mental Retardation 2005 110 6 417 438 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2 16212446 · DOI · Paper page
  105. Scheithauer M Call NA Lomas Mevers J McCracken CE Scahill L A feasibility randomized clinical trial of a structured function-based intervention for elopement in children with autism spectrum disorder Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2020 51 8 2866 2875 10.1007/s10803-020-04753-4 33125623 · DOI
  106. Schreck KA Metz B Mulick JA Smith A Making it fit: A provocative look at models of early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism The Behavior Analyst Today 2000 1 3 27 32 10.1037/h0099886 · DOI
  107. Schreibman L Dawson G Stahmer AC Landa R Rogers SJ McGee GG Kasari C Ingersoll B Kaiser AP Bruinsma Y McNerney E Wetherby A Halladay A Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions: Empirically validated treatments for autism spectrum disorder Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2015 45 8 2411 2428 10.1007/s10803-015-2407-8 25737021 PMC4513196 · DOI · Paper page
  108. Seida JK Ospina MB Karkhaneh M Hartling L Smith V Clark B Systematic reviews of psychosocial interventions for autism: An umbrella review Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2009 51 2 95 104 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03211.x 19191842 · DOI · Paper page
  109. Shabani DB Lam WY A review of comparison studies in applied behavior analysis Behavioral Interventions 2013 28 2 158 183 10.1002/bin.1361 · DOI
  110. Skinner, B. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan.10.1021/cen-v028n052.p4529 · DOI
  111. Smith T Outcome of early intervention for children with autism Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice 1999 6 33 49 10.1093/clipsy/6.1.33 · DOI
  112. Smith T Discrete trial training in the treatment of autism Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities 2001 16 2 86 92 10.1177/108835760101600204 · DOI · Paper page
  113. Smith T Evolution of research on interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Implications for behavior analysts The Behavior Analyst 2012 35 1 101 113 10.1007/BF03392269 22942539 PMC3359846 · DOI
  114. Smith T Eikeseth S O. Ivar Lovaas: Pioneer of applied behavior analysis and intervention for children with autism Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 2011 41 3 375 378 10.1007/s10803-010-1162-0 21153872 · DOI
  115. Smith T Groen AD Wynn JW Randomized trial of intensive early intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorder American Journal on Mental Retardation 2000 105 4 269 285 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0269:RTOIEI>2.0.CO;2 10934569 · DOI · Paper page
  116. Snodgrass, M. R., Chung, M. Y., Kretzer, J. M., & Biggs, E. E. (2021). Rigorous assessment of social validity: A scoping review of a 40-year conversation. Remedial & Special Education, 1–17. 10.1177/07419325211017295 · DOI
  117. Stahmer AC Collings NM Palinkas LA Early intervention practices for children with autism: Descriptions from community providers Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities 2005 20 2 66 79 10.1177/10883576050200020301 16467905 PMC1350798 · DOI · Paper page
  118. Strain PS Bovey EH Randomized, controlled trial of the LEAP model of early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 2011 31 3 133 154 10.1177/0271121411408740 · DOI
  119. Sullivan WE Saini V DeRosa NM Craig AR Ringdahl JE Roane HS Measurement of nontargeted problem behavior during investigations of resurgence Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020 53 1 249 264 10.1002/jaba.589 31219177 · DOI
  120. Sy JR Vollmer TR Discrimination acquisition in children with developmental disabilities under immediate and delayed reinforcement Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2012 45 4 667 684 10.1901/jaba.2012.45-667 23322925 PMC3545492 · DOI
  121. Tincani M Travers J Replication research, publication bias, and applied behavior analysis Perspectives on Behavior Science 2019 42 1 59 75 10.1007/s40614-019-00191-5 31976421 PMC6701502 · DOI
  122. Toussaint KA Kodak T Vladescu JC An evaluation of choice on instructional efficacy and individual preferences among children with autism Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2016 49 1 170 175 10.1002/jaba.263 26510978 · DOI
  123. Valentino AL Conine DE Delfs CH Furlow CM Use of a modified chaining procedure with textual prompts to establish intraverbal storytelling Analysis of Verbal Behavior 2015 31 1 39 58 10.1007/s40616-014-0023-x 27606203 PMC4883542 · DOI
  124. Vietze P Lax LE Early intervention ABA for toddlers with ASD: Effect of age and amount Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues 2020 39 4 1234 1244 10.1007/s12144-018-9812-z · DOI
  125. Zachor DA Ben-Itzchak E Rabinovich A-L Lahat E Change in autism core symptoms with intervention Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2007 1 4 304 317 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.001 · DOI

Authors
Gitimoghaddam, M., Chichkine, N., McArthur, L., Sangha, S. S., & Symington, V.
Affiliations
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
Venue
Perspectives on Behavior Science
Published
2022-05-18
Volume
45
Issue
3
Pages
521-557
ISSN
  • 2520-8969 (ISSN-L)
  • 2520-8977
OpenAlex
W4280584756
Cited by
128
References
146
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
FWCI
3.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Perspectives on Behavior Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords
applied behavior analysis, autism spectrum disorder, children and young people, health outcomes, quality of life, cognitive outcomes, language outcomes, social communication, behavioral problems, adaptive behavior, emotional outcomes, autism symptoms

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review