The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Micro-work, artificial intelligence and the automotive industry
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“In addition, all companies with AI products require their data annotated and the cost and labour-intensive nature of this process results in the majority of these tasks being outsourced to external providers (Tubaro and Casilli 2019).”
From The poverty of ethical AI: impact sourcing and AI supply chains (2025) · cites this paper as Tubaro and Casilli 2019
In the citing paper
“As sociologists of technological innovation highlight, a lot of human labour is needed to fill the cracks of AI (Gray and Suri 2019;Tubaro and Casilli 2019;Tubaro et al. 2020).”
From Artificial intelligence and work: a critical review of recent research from the social sciences (2024) · cites this paper as Tubaro and Casilli 2019
Citations
Cites
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Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation
Autor, D. H. (2015) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.29.3.3 · Cited by 3,917 · cited 1×
“…policymakers have echoed the dire job loss predictions of a few prospective studies (Brynjolfsson and McAfee 2014; Frey and Osborne 2017), although historical evidence suggests that dynamics of complementarity rather than substitution between labor and machinery might also be in place (Autor 2015).”
BackgroundLabor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century.
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Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work
Star, S. L., & Strauss, A. (1999) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1023/a:1008651105359 · Cited by 1,500
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West, J. C. (2015) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2015.1105632 · Cited by 1,423
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Irani, L. (2016). The labor that makes AI “magic”. White House and NYU: AINow Summit.
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Sprenger, F. (2021) · Digitale Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839450246 · Cited by 1
Lazega, E. (2020) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781839102370.00016
Arendt in the Platformised World: Labour, Work and Action on Digital Platforms
Charlton‐Czaplicki, T. (2023) · doi:10.22439/phd.24.2023
AI Adoption in Automotive R&D: A Case Study Method for Prioritization of Inhibitors
Reddy, R. C., Mishra, D., Goyal, D., & Rana, N. P. (2023) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50192-0_3
Sensing Decisions: Perceiving, Classifying, Finessing
Hind, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1749-1_4
Training Decisions: Ground-Truthing the Interesting
Hind, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1749-1_3
Feature Learning using Deep Variational Autoencoder for Prediction of Defects in Car Engine
Susanto, N., & Pardede, H. F. (2024) · International Conference on Information Technology Research and Innovation (ICITRI) · doi:10.1109/icitri62858.2024.10699115
Moving Beyond Haves and Have-Nots
Han, N., & Siegel, E. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198945215.003.0050 · Cited by 1
VR and AR Technologies Integrated Intelligent Transport System
Jadhav, S. G., Jahan, N. Z., Karthiga, S., Punitha, A., Neeraja, K. N., & Kannan, R. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7287-6.ch005
Virtual Prototyping in the Automotive Industry
Kumar, S., Ananth, J., Manikandan, N., Karthik, K., Vijayaraghavan, P., & Sudhakar, M. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7287-6.ch002
Artificial intelligence and creativity: the ethical debate
Vinchon, F., Rolland, F., & Lubart, T. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34073-4.00017-4
El-Kady, R. M. (2025) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02526-5_20
Gonthier, N. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9abc66b4zca61z423bz85dcz07b849b15209
Elambert, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5a29908cz9b0fz4d26za729zf767449aedbd
Développer des machines parlantes : les chatbots à l’épreuve du marché
Esteban, C. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5d8e685cz5a3bz4f85z87e6z5a514d3e4a1f
O MICROTRABALHO E MÉTODOS DE TREINAMENTO DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Oliviero, M., Sobrinho, L. L. P., & Basigli, N. (2025) · Novos Estudos Jurídicos · doi:10.14210/nej.v30n3.p334-349
Üretken Yapay Zekâ Çağında Çalışmanın Geleceği Nedir? Marksist ve Ricardocu Bir Analiz
Eren, E. (2026) · 4 BOYUT Medya ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Dergisi / 4 BOYUT Journal of Media and Cultural Studies · doi:10.26650/4boyut.2026.1953989
Hafeez-ur-Rehman, & Ferraro, A. V. (2026) · International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries Social Science · doi:10.54938/ijemdss.2026.05.1.684
YURTSEVER, A. E. (2026) · Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi · doi:10.18493/kmusekad.1655005
Wu, T., & Xia, B. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111373096-024
Metadata
- Authors
- Tubaro, P., & Casilli, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Télécom Paris (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Tubaro, Paola
- Venue
- Journal of Industrial and Business Economics
- Published
- 2019-06-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 333-345
- ISSN
- 0391-2078 (ISSN-L)
- 1972-4977
- OpenAlex
- W2948141579
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 30.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Industrial and Business Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Force Ouvrière-IRES (2017-3)
- France Stratégie (2018)
- MSH Paris Saclay (17MA07)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Legal and Labor Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, data annotation, low-skilled labor, automotive industry, autonomous vehicles, connected vehicles, AI training data, digital platforms, global supply chains, gig economy
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