Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets
Open accessAbstract
Many if not most markets with network externalities are two-sided. To succeed, platforms in industries such as software, portals and media, payment systems and the Internet, must “get both sides of the market on board.” Accordingly, platforms devote much attention to their business model, that is, to how they court each side while making money overall. This paper builds a model of platform competition with two-sided markets. It unveils the determinants of price allocation and end-user surplus for different governance structures (profit-maximizing platforms and not-for-profit joint undertakings), and compares the outcomes with those under an integrated monopolist and a Ramsey planner.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Network effects are present in most platform markets.
“Since network effects are present in most platform markets, the nonlinear properties of network effects create a dynamic situation in multi-platform spaces.”
From Smart Timing for Smart Products? Complementor Multihoming in Nascent Platform Markets (2026) · cites this paper as Rochet and Tirole 2003
The Introduction describes network effects in videogame and payment-card platforms. But its broader statement runs in the other direction: many, if not most, markets with network externalities have two sides that interact through a platform. It does not establish that most platform markets have network effects. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPlatforms reduce the search costs of accessing specialized content, from social connections to products in the gig economy, yet this infrastructure of intermediation is by no means neutral.
“By acting as matchmaking intermediaries with strong network effects (Rochet and Tirole, 2003), platforms reduce the search costs of accessing specialized content, from social connections (Van Dijck, 2013) to products in the gig economy (Scholz, 2017; Van Doorn, 2017; Wachsmuth and Weisler, 2018), yet this infrastructure of intermediation is by no means neutral (Gillespie, 2010, 2017).”
From Google Arts & Culture and the platformization of cultural heritage: Convergence, gamification, and shifting positions of institutional partners (2026) · cites this paper as Rochet and Tirole, 2003
Due to network interaction, individual actors' choices affect other actors' value.
“Due to network interaction, individual actors' choices affect other actors' value (Jacobides et al., 2024;Rochet & Tirole, 2003)”
From What role do data network effects play for multihoming complements? An empirical analysis of platform complementors’ strategies for consumer value creation (2025) · cites this paper as Rochet & Tirole, 2003
Platform competition reshapes markets as a whole, unlike conventional inter-firm competition which focuses on moves and counter-moves to capture greater shares of a given market value.
“While conventional inter-firm competition focuses on moves and counter-moves as strategic actions that enable rivaling firms to capture greater shares of a given market value, platform competition reshapes markets as a whole (Rochet & Tirole, 2003).”
From Digital platform ecosystems in flux: From proprietary digital platforms to wide-spanning ecosystems (2023) · cites this paper as Rochet & Tirole, 2003
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Network externalities, competition, and compatibility
Katz, M. L. (1985) · American Economic Review · Cited by 6,152 · see citing works
Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities
Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1986) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261409 · Cited by 2,622 · see citing works
Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation
Farrell, J., & Saloner, G. (1985) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2555589 · Cited by 2,554 · see citing works
Installed base and compatibility : innovation, product preannouncements and predation
Farrell, J. P., & Saloner, G. (1986) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
A Theory of Interdependent Demand for a Communications Service
Rohlfs, J. H. (1974) · The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science · doi:10.2307/3003090 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Information Gatekeepers on the Internet and the Competitiveness of Homogeneous Product Markets
Baye, M. R., & Morgan, J. W. (2001) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.91.3.454 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Payment Systems and Interchange Fees
Schmalensee, R. (2002) · Journal of Industrial Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-6451.00170 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Internet Interconnection and the Off-Net-Cost Pricing Principle
Laffont, J., Marcus, S., Rey, P., & Jean Tirole, Z. (2003) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1593723 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The Antitrust Economics of Two-Sided MarketsPreprint
Evans, D. S. (2002) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.332022 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ownership and Control Rights in Internet Portal Alliances, 1995-1999
Elfenbein, D. W., & Lerner, J. (2003) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1593722 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Bertrand Competition for Inputs and Walrasian Outcomes
Stahl, D. O. (1988) · American Economic Review · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Banking Competition and Market Efficiency
Yanelle, M.-O. (1997) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2971710 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Chicken and Egg: Competing MatchmakersPreprint
Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2001) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 42 · see citing works
On Nonexclusive Membership in Competing Joint Ventures
Hausman, J. A., Leonard, G. K., & Tirole, J. (2003) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/3087442 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fudenberg, D., and J. Tirole (2000) "Pricing Under the Threat of Entry by a Sole Supplier of a Network Good," Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 48(4):373-390.
- Rochet, J.C., and J. Tirole (2002) "Cooperation among Competitors: The Economics of Payment Card Associations," Rand Journal of Economics, 33(4), 1-22.
- Wilson, R. (1993) Nonlinear Pricing, Oxford University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Towards a theory of ecosystems
Jacobides, M. G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2904 · Cited by 3,724 · see citing works
Competition in two-sided markets
Armstrong, M. (2006) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00037.x · Cited by 3,315 · see citing works
Two-sided markets: A progress report
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00036.x · Cited by 2,994 · see citing works
Self-citationGoldfarb, A., & Tucker, C. (2019) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.20171452 · Cited by 2,744 · see citing works
Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation
Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12105 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works
Chicken & Egg: Competition among Intermediation Service Providers
Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1593720 · Cited by 1,799 · see citing works
Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework
Gawer, A. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.006 · Cited by 1,869 · see citing works
Two-Sided Network Effects: A Theory of Information Product Design
PARKER, G. G., & Alstyne, M. V. (2005) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1050.0400 · Cited by 1,684 · see citing works
The Digital Platform: A Research Agenda
de Reuver, M., Sørensen, C., & Basole, R. C. (2018) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/s41265-016-0033-3 · Cited by 1,681 · see citing works
The Rise of the Sharing Economy: Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry
Zervas, G., Proserpio, D., & Byers, J. W. (2017) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.15.0204 · Cited by 2,376 · see citing works
The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity
Nieborg, D. B., & Poell, T. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444818769694 · Cited by 1,530 · see citing works
The Platformization of the Web: Making Web Data Platform Ready
Helmond, A. (2015) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305115603080 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
The Economics of Two-Sided Markets
Rysman, M. (2009) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.23.3.125 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps
McIntyre, D. P., & Srinivasan, A. (2017) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2596 · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works
Helfat, C. E., & Raubitschek, R. S. (2018) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.019 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach
Ács, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D. B., & O'Connor, A. J. (2017) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9864-8 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Hagiu, A., & Wright, J. (2015) · International Journal of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.03.003 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Introduction—Platforms and Infrastructures in the Digital Age
Constantinides, P., Henfridsson, O., & Parker, G. G. (2018) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2018.0794 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Hein, A., Schreieck, M., Riasanow, T., Setzke, D. S., Wiesche, M., Böhm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-019-00377-4 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View
Baldwin, C. Y., & Woodard, C. J. (2009) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849803311.00008 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Technology Ecosystem Governance
Wareham, J., Fox, P. B., & Cano Giner, J. L. (2014) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2014.0895 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor‐based business models
Casadesus‐Masanell, R., & Zhu, F. (2012) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2022 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Eisenmann, T. R., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. W. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1496336 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Hagiu, A., & Wright, J. (2014) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2014.2042 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Platform competition: Strategic trade‐offs in platform markets
Cennamo, C., & Santalo, J. (2013) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2066 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Poell, T., Nieborg, D., & van Dijck, J. (2019) · Internet Policy Review · doi:10.14763/2019.4.1425 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Pass-Through as an Economic Tool: Principles of Incidence under Imperfect Competition
Weyl, E. G., & Fabinger, M. (2013) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/670401 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
A Price Theory of Multi-Sided Platforms
Weyl, E. G. (2010) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.100.4.1642 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
(2019) · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2019.1573914 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Boudreau, K. J. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0678 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Two-sided Markets, Competitive Bottlenecks and Exclusive Contracts
Armstrong, M., & Wright, J. (2007) · Economic Theory · doi:10.1007/s00199-006-0114-6 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
The economic analysis of advertisingPreprint
Bagwell, K. W. (2005) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.7916/d8qz2p6x · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Chapter 31 Coordination and Lock-In: Competition with Switching Costs and Network Effects
Farrell, J., & Klemperer, P. (2007) · Handbook of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/s1573-448x(06)03031-7 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Platform Ecosystems: How Developers Invert the Firm
Parker, G. G., Alstyne, M. W. V., & Jiang, X.-Y. (2017) · MIS Q. · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.1.13 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Architectural Leverage: Putting Platforms in Context
Thomas, L. D. W., Autio, E., & Gann, D. M. (2014) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2011.0105 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
The Affordances of Social Media Platforms
Bucher, T., & Helmond, A. (2018) · The SAGE Handbook of Social Media · doi:10.4135/9781473984066.n14 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Information Gatekeepers on the Internet and the Competitiveness of Homogeneous Product Markets
Baye, M. R., & Morgan, J. W. (2001) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.91.3.454 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Knowledge mapping of platform research: a visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace
Ding, X., & Yang, Z. H. (2020) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-020-09410-7 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Digital platforms’ boundaries: The interplay of firm scope, platform sides, and digital interfaces
Gawer, A. (2021) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2020.102045 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Market Provision of Broadcasting: A Welfare Analysis
Anderson, S. P., & Coate, S. (2005) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/0034-6527.00357 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Governance by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet
Just, N., & Latzer, M. (2016) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0163443716643157 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
The Economics of Crowdfunding Platforms
Belleflamme, P., Omrani, N., & Peitz, M. (2015) · Information Economics and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2015.08.003 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Some Empirical Aspects of Multi-sided Platform Industries
Evans, D. S. (2003) · Review of Network Economics · doi:10.2202/1446-9022.1026 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Will digital technologies transform agriculture in developing countries?
Deichmann, U., Goyal, A., & Mishra, D. (2016) · Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/agec.12300 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Global platforms and ecosystems: Implications for international business theories
Nambisan, S., Zahra, S. A., & Luo, Y. (2019) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-019-00262-4 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Coordinating Supply and Demand on an On-Demand Service Platform with Impatient Customers
Bai, J., So, K. C., Tang, C. S., Chen, X. M., & Wang, H. (2018) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2018.0707 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Platform Ecosystems: Aligning Architecture, Governance, and Strategy
Tiwana, A. (2013) · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Pricing and commitment by two-sided platforms
Hagiu, A. (2006) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00039.x · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Au, Y. A., & Kauffman, R. J. (2007) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2006.12.004 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
The disruptor's dilemma: <scp>TiVo</scp> and the U.S. television ecosystem
Ansari, S. (., Garud, R., & Kumaraswamy, A. (2016) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2442 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Chapter 28 The Economic Analysis of Advertising
Bagwell, K. W. (2007) · Handbook of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/s1573-448x(06)03028-7 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon.com
Zhu, F., & Liu, Q. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2932 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Ridesourcing systems: A framework and review
Wang, H., & Yang, H. (2019) · Transportation Research Part B Methodological · doi:10.1016/j.trb.2019.07.009 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Coordination and Lock-In: Competition with Switching Costs and Network EffectsPreprint
Farrell, J., & Klemperer, P. D. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.917785 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Initial coin offerings (ICOs) to finance new ventures
Fisch, C. O. (2018) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.007 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Dependence and precarity in the platform economy
Schor, J. B., Attwood-Charles, W., Cansoy, M., Ladegaard, I., & Wengronowitz, R. (2020) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-020-09408-y · Cited by 550 · see citing works
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Data Network Effects for Creating User Value
Gregory, R. W., Henfridsson, O., Kaganer, E., & Kyriakou, H. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0178 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Perspectives on Innovation Processes
Garud, R. B., Tuertscher, P., & de Ven, A. H. V. (2013) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2013.791066 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Competition Between Networks: A Study of the Market for Yellow Pages
Rysman, M. (2004) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/0034-6527.00512 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
The Rise of the Platform Business Model and the Transformation of Twenty-First-Century Capitalism
Rahman, K. S., & Thelen, K. (2019) · Politics & Society · doi:10.1177/0032329219838932 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Algorithmic Management of Work on Online Labor Platforms: When Matching Meets Control
Möhlmann, M., Zalmanson, L., Henfridsson, O., & Gregory, R. W. (2021) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2021/15333 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Business models: A challenging agenda
Baden‐Fuller, C. W. F., & Mangematin, V. (2013) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/1476127013510112 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Platform Competition: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Review of the Literature
Rietveld, J., & Schilling, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206320969791 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Fintechs: A literature review and research agenda
Milian, E. Z., Spínola, M. D. M., & de Carvalho, M. M. (2019) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2019.100833 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Innovation, Openness, and Platform Control
Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2018) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2017.2757 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Platform Owner Entry and Innovation in Complementary Markets: Evidence from Intel
Gawer, A., & Henderson, R. (2007) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2007.00130.x · Cited by 620 · see citing works
The architecture of collaboration
Fjeldstad, Ø., Snow, C. C., Miles, R. E., & Lettl, C. (2012) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.1968 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Optimal Information Disclosure
Rayo, L., & Segal, I. (2010) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/657922 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Furman, J., & Seamans, R. (2018) · Innovation Policy and the Economy · doi:10.1086/699936 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Nicholas Economides, A., & Katsamakas, E. G. (2006) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0549 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Marketing in Computer-Mediated Environments: Research Synthesis and New Directions
Yadav, M. S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.12.0020 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
The age of digital entrepreneurship
Sahut, J., Iandoli, L., & Teulon, F. (2019) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-019-00260-8 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Firm Strategies in the “Mid Tail” of Platform-Based Retailing
Jiang, B., Jerath, K., & Srinivasan, K. (2011) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.1110.0656 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Competing in Digital Markets: A Platform-Based Perspective
Cennamo, C. (2021) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2016.0048 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Government control of the media
Gehlbach, S. G., & Сонин, К. И. (2014) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.06.004 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Responses to Entry in Multi-Sided Markets: The Impact of Craigslist on Local Newspapers
Seamans, R. C., & Zhu, F. (2014) · Management Sciences · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1785 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Greenwood, B. N., & Wattal, S. (2017) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.1.08 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Price Fluctuations and the Use of Bitcoin: An Empirical Inquiry
Polasik, M., Piotrowska, A. I., Wisniewski, T. P., Kotkowski, R., & Lightfoot, G. (2015) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10864415.2016.1061413 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
The Online Advertising Industry: Economics, Evolution, and Privacy
Evans, D. S. (2009) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.23.3.37 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Steinhoff, L., Arli, D. I., Weaven, S. K., & Kozlenkova, I. V. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-018-0621-6 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Fintech: what’s old, what’s new?
Boot, A., Hoffmann, P., Laeven, L., & Ratnovski, L. (2021) · Journal of Financial Stability · doi:10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100836 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
A strategic framework for a profitable business model in the sharing economy
Kumar, V., Lahiri, A., & Dogan, O. B. (2018) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.021 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Unpaid Crowd Complementors: The Platform Network Effect Mirage
Boudreau, K. J., & Jeppesen, L. B. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2324 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Unpacking the Disruption Process: New Technology, Business Models, and Incumbent Adaptation
Cozzolino, A., Verona, G., & Rothaermel, F. T. (2018) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12352 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Price structure in two-sided markets: Evidence from the magazine industry
Kaiser, U., & Wright, J. (2005) · International Journal of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.06.002 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Two‐Sided Platforms: Product Variety and Pricing Structures
Hagiu, A. (2009) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2009.00236.x · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Marchand, A., & Hennig‐Thurau, T. (2013) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.05.001 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Economic analysis of ride-sourcing markets
Zha, L., Yin, Y., & Yang, H. (2016) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2016.07.010 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Chapter 33 A Primer on Foreclosure
Rey, P., & Jean Tirole, Z. (2007) · Handbook of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/s1573-448x(06)03033-0 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
A two-sided, empirical model of television advertising and viewing markets
Wilbur, K. C. (2008) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.1070.0303 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Chen, L., Tong, T. W., Tang, S., & Han, N. (2022) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063211045023 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship in digital platforms: <scp>A</scp> network‐centric view
Srinivasan, A., & Venkatraman, N. (2018) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1272 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Hermes, S., Riasanow, T., Clemons, E. K., Böhm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020) · BuR - Business Research · doi:10.1007/s40685-020-00125-x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
University of Sydney, Tan, B., Pan, S., University of New South Wales, Lu, X., Fudan University, Huang, L., & Fudan University (2015) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00393 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Multistakeholder recommendation: Survey and research directions
Abdollahpouri, H., Adomavičius, G., Burke, R., Guy, I., Jannach, D., Kamishima, T., Krasnodebski, J., & Pizzato, L. A. S. (2020) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/s11257-019-09256-1 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Bridging Differing Perspectives on Technological Platforms: Toward an Integrative Framework
Gawer, A. (2014) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2014.278 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Threat of platform‐owner entry and complementor responses: Evidence from the mobile app market
Wen, W., & Zhu, F. (2019) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3031 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Two-Sided Markets: An Overview ∗
Rochet, J.-C. M., & Jean Tirole, Z. (2004) · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationOperations Management in the Age of the Sharing Economy: What Is Old and What Is New?
Benjaafar, S., & Hu, M. (2019) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2019.0803 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Zachariadis, M., Hileman, G., & Scott, S. V. (2019) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.03.001 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J.
- Affiliations
- Institut d'Économie Industrielle (FR)
- ORCID
- Rochet, Jean-Charles
- Venue
- Journal of the European Economic Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 990-1029
- ISSN
- 1542-4766 (ISSN-L)
- 1542-4774
- OpenAlex
- W1516051863
- Cited by
- 5,642
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 477 · 2025: 384 · 2024: 338 · 2023: 408 · 2022: 411 · 2021: 424 · 2020: 415 · 2019: 374 · 2018: 330 · 2017: 247 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 207 · 2014: 182 · 2013: 188 · 2012: 178
- FWCI
- 259.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.idref.fr
- Locations
- Journal of the European Economic Association (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications (Université Toulouse I Capitole) (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Merger and Competition Analysis
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Auction Theory and Applications
- Keywords
- platform competition, two-sided markets, network effects, platform business models, platform governance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
