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Humidity Sensing of Stretchable and Transparent Hydrogel Films for Wireless Respiration Monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Respiratory monitoring plays a pivotal role in health assessment and provides an important application prospect for flexible humidity sensors. However, traditional humidity sensors suffer from a trade-off between deformability, sensitivity, and transparency, and thus the development of high-performance, stretchable, and low-cost humidity sensors is urgently needed as wearable electronics. Here, ultrasensitive, highly deformable, and transparent humidity sensors are fabricated based on cost-effective polyacrylamide-based double network hydrogels. Concomitantly, a general method for preparing hydrogel films with controllable thickness is proposed to boost the sensitivity of hydrogel-based sensors due to the extensively increased specific surface area, which can be applied to different polymer networks and facilitate the development of flexible integrated electronics. In addition, sustainable tapioca rich in hydrophilic polar groups is introduced for the first time as a second cross-linked network, exhibiting excellent water adsorption capacity. Through the synergistic optimization of structure and composition, the obtained hydrogel film exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 13,462.1%/%RH, which is unprecedented. Moreover, the hydrogel film-based sensor exhibits excellent repeatability and the ability to work normally under stretching with even enhanced sensitivity. As a proof of concept, we integrate the stretchable sensor with a specially designed wireless circuit and mask to fabricate a wireless respiratory interruption detection system with Bluetooth transmission, enabling real-time monitoring of human health status. This work provides a general strategy to construct high-performance, stretchable, and miniaturized hydrogel-based sensors as next-generation wearable devices for real-time monitoring of various physiological signals.
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In the citing paper
“When the humidity increases to 33% RH, the complex EIS spectrum still exhibits a complete semicircle. However, the graded Warburg impedance is introduced, and short diagonal lines appear in the low-frequency region, as shown in Fig. 12c.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Spin coating, combined with sol–gel method, was used to prepare thin-film hydrogel humidity sensors with thicknesses of a few microns and sensitivity of up to 13,462.1% RH%−1, which exceeds that of bulk hydrogels (Fig. 12e).”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Liang et al. [206] prepared a transparent DN hydrogel with good mechanical deformability using PAM and cassava gum as raw materials, and introduced polyol and LiBr to further enhance its stability and reliability.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“When the humidity was continuously increased to 37–98% RH, the semicircular part of the complex EIS spectrum gradually disappeared, and the slash part was gradually elongated, as shown in Fig. 12d. In this humidity range, the Warburg impedance becomes the main factor of the EIS spectrum, and the hydrogel-sensitive film absorbs more water molecules, thereby forming a continuous hydrated layer”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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In the citing paper
“As shown in Fig. 12b, the complex EIS spectrum becomes semicircular under a dry environment. The amount of water molecules adsorbed by the sensitive film is small, and ion-conducting channels are not formed.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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“Liang et al. [206] used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to detect the impedance changes of hydrogels at different humidity levels and confirmed their effects on the conductivity of hydrogels.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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“Furthermore, the humidity response of the hydrogel was highly dependent on its thickness.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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“The mask is able to recognize breathing patterns, demonstrating its potential application in sleep apnea disorders monitoring.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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“The hydrogel sensor has a high sensitivity of 13,462.1% RH%−1 to humidity and can still operate in the stretched state.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“By integrating this hydrogel sensor, self-designed circuitry, and the mask, the authors also fabricated a mask that allows wireless breathing monitoring, as shown in Fig. 15c1-c2.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al. [206]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, Y., Ding, Q., Wang, H., Wu, Z., Li, J., Li, Z., Tao, K., Gui, X., & Wu, J.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Jin
- Venue
- Nano-Micro Letters
- Published
- 2022-09-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183-183
- ISSN
- 2150-5551 (ISSN-L)
- 2311-6706
- PMC
- PMC9468213
- OpenAlex
- W4295242544
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 9.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nano-Micro Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- humidity sensing, stretchable hydrogels, double-network hydrogel, polyacrylamide, tapioca, water adsorption, wearable electronics, Bluetooth communication, physiological monitoring
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