The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in plasma hormones across the menstrual cycle in patients with menstrually related mood disorder and in control subjects
Abstract
A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the premenstrual syndromes. These hypotheses serve as rationales for an equally diverse range of proposed treatments. To investigate these hypotheses, we obtained multiple blood samples across the menstrual cycle in women with well-characterized menstrually related mood disorder and in control subjects. No diagnosis-related differences were observed in the levels or patterns of secretion of progesterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, prolactin, or cortisol. Our data suggest that premenstrual syndrome does not represent a simple hormonal deficiency and that the cited rationales for several of the proposed treatments are of questionable merit.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Three other studies failed to detect any significant differences between cortisol patterns in healthy controls and PMS/PMDD patients [57, 66, 106].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [106]
Citations
Cites
Greene, R., & Dalton, K. (1953) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4818.1007 · Cited by 1,819
TREATMENT OF EXCESSIVE AXILLARY SWEATING
Gibbs, J. R. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91979-5 · Cited by 560
Reid, R. L., & Yen, S. S. C. (1981) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(81)90417-8 · Cited by 291
Bäckström, T. C., Sanders, D., Leask, R., Davidson, D., Warner, P., & Bancroft, J. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198312000-00004 · Cited by 266
Premenstrual syndromes: overview from a methodologic perspective
Rubinow, D. R., & Roy‐Byrne, P. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.2.163 · Cited by 223
Self-citationSERUM-PROLACTIN IN WOMEN WITI PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Halbreich, U. M. (1976) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92465-x · Cited by 122
Wild, R. A., Umstot, E. S., Andersen, R. N., Ranney, G. B., & Givens, J. R. (1983) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)90998-5 · Cited by 114
Self-citationMaddocks, S., Hahn, P. M., Moller, F., & Reid, R. L. (1986) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90604-6 · Cited by 101
PROLACTIN LEVELS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE*
Franchimont, P., Dourcy, C., Legros, J. J., REUTER, A. M., VRINDTS‐GEVAERT, Y., Cauwenberge, J. R. V., & Gaspard, U. (1976) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03867.x · Cited by 97
TSH and prolactin responses to TRH in patients with premenstrual syndrome
Roy‐Byrne, P., Rubinow, D. R., Hoban, M. C., Grover, G. N., & Blank, D. U. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.4.480 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–235 of 235
The effect of nutritional supplementation on premenstrual syndrome
Avila, C. (2009) · Cross Connect (Southern Cross University) · Cited by 2
Premenstrual Symptoms and Psychiatric Morbidity in Two Italian Health Care Settings
de Girolamo, G., Marchitelli, G., Corbani, R., & Palazzi, S. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000288323 · Cited by 2
Dalton, K., & Holton, W. M. (1992) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460080109 · Cited by 2
Stenhammar, E., Dubol, M., Stiernman, L., Poromaa, I. S., Bixo, M., & Comasco, E. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100573 · Cited by 1
Berga, S. L., & Smith, Y. R. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375097-6.10025-3 · Cited by 1
Lakshmi, S., & Shankari, G. (2014) · International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications · Cited by 1
Lu, G., Shiver, T. M., Blackburn, S., Yao, W. C., Bhattacharjee, M. B., & Zhu, J. (2020) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.922797 · Cited by 1
Sex hormone binding globulin concentrations in premenstrual syndrome
Massil, H. Y., Thomas, M., & O’Brien, P. M. S. (1993) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14245.x · Cited by 1
Mehta, D., Schweitzer, R., & Maczkowiack, J. (2017) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.s12-002 · Cited by 1
The effects of caffeine on premenstrual syndrome
Vo, H. T. (2007) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · Cited by 1
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in relation to neuroactive steroids and alcohol
Nyberg, S. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
PET evaluation of central serotonergic neurotransmission in women
Jovanovic, H. (2008) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Dog, T. L. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06639-9.50009-5 · Cited by 1
Kirby, A. W., Comperatore, C. A., Clayton, M., Rivera, P., & Arroyo, S. (1998)
Dog, T. L. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-458-1911-1.50055-5
Vitamin B6levels in premenstrual syndrome
Chuong, C. J., Dawson, E. B., & Smith, E. R. (1991) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/01674829109077997
Wakeman, M. (2013) · Nutrition and Dietary Supplements · doi:10.2147/nds.s48133
Clinical data of estrogen's effects in the central nervous system: estrogen and mood
Powers, B. N., Williams, K. E., Wroolie, T., Khaylis, A., & Rasgon, N. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635700.013
Premenstrual Syndrome: Clinical Update
Plouffe, L., & Trott, E. A. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2943-6_32
Potential modulators and modifiers of estrogenic effects
Hogervorst, E., Henderson, V. W., Gibbs, R. B., & Brinton, R. D. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635700.012
Alberts, P. S. (1984) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1984.tb02195.x
Effects of menstrual cycle phases and dietary behavior on threshold and preference for sucrose
McGinnis, A. A. (1989) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood
Björn, I. (2003) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Dog, T. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00056-6
Premenstrual (postovulatory) syndrome
Lachelin, G. C. L. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-1171-8.50012-x
Hormorial Therapy in the Management of Premenstrual Syndrome
Tiemstra, J. D., & Patel, K. (1998)
Psychiatric Illnesses in Women
Brockington, I., & Lanczik, M. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59519-6_55
Bremer, E. (2021) · Each Woman’s Menopause: An Evidence Based Resource · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85484-3_10 · Cited by 2
Johnson, C. A. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4005-9_105
Management of Severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Panay, N. (2024) · ISGE series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55300-4_8
Estrogens and Other Hormones in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndromes
Born, L., & Steiner, M. S. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-27063-9_8
Casto, K. V., & Stern, J. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107742
Premenstrual Disorders, Menstruation and Mental Health
Behrman, S., & Florio, A. D. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009689489.007
Bencker, C., Schmalenberger, K. M., Comasco, E., & Nater, U. M. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-123210
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubinow, D. R., Hoban, M. C., Grover, G. N., Galloway, D. S., Roy-Byrne, P., Andersen, R., & Merriam, G. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubinow, David R.
- ORCID
- Rubinow, David R.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-11
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012067598
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cycle, plasma hormones, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, cortisol, dihydrotestosterone
- MeSH terms
- Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Hormones, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Luteinizing Hormone, Menstrual Cycle, Premenstrual Syndrome, Prolactin, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Mood Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
