Pituitary–adrenal hormones and testosterone across the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome and controls
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic mood disorder, widely believed, yet not conclusively shown, to be of endocrine etiology. This study examines basal levels of several hormones reported, albeit inconsistently, to differ in women with PMS compared with controls.Methods Subjects (10 PMS patients and 10 controls) had their blood drawn for one full menstrual cycle. Subjects' mood and behavioral symptoms were assessed by daily self-ratings and objective ratings. Plasma was assayed for total and free testosterone (T), beta-endorphin (beta-EP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol.Results No differences were observed between the PMS and control groups for beta-EP, ACTH, or cortisol. PMS subjects had significantly lower total and free T plasma levels with a blunting of the normal periovulatory peak, a finding that may be epiphenomenal to age.Conclusions This study does not confirm previous reports of abnormalities in plasma levels of either ACTH or beta-EP in women with PMS; it also fails to replicate a previous observation of high free T levels in women with PMS. These results are not supportive of a primary endocrine abnormality in PMS patients.
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Three other studies failed to detect any significant differences between cortisol patterns in healthy controls and PMS/PMDD patients.
“Three other studies failed to detect any significant differences between cortisol patterns in healthy controls and PMS/PMDD patients [57, 66, 106].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Bloch, M., Schmidt, P. J., Su, T.-P., Tobin, M. B., & Rubinow, D. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubinow, David R
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 897-903
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021662699
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cycle, testosterone, free testosterone, beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, pituitary-adrenal axis, endocrine etiology, mood symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, beta-Endorphin, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Menstrual Cycle, Pituitary Hormones, Premenstrual Syndrome, Testosterone
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