CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 75Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsDental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Blood phobics and nonphobics: Psychological differences and affect during exposure

Lumley, Mark A., Melamed, Barbara G.·1992·Behaviour Research and Therapy
DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90026-d
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study compared psychological dimensions of blood phobics and nonphobic controls, examined affect in response to phobic and neutral stimuli, and investigated the relationship between reported feelings of faintness and blood pressure. Blood phobics (24 adults with extreme Mutilation Questionnaire scores) and 24 nonphobics completed several psychological measures and viewed one of two 60 sec surgery scenes and a 60 sec neutral scene in counterbalanced order. Subjective, psychophysiologic, and motoric measures of affect were assessed. On questionnaires, phobics reported greater anxiety sensitivity, empathic distress, fear and insecurity, and nightmares, but no difference in autonomic arousal, muscle tension, motion sickness, or other empathy domains. During surgery scenes, phobics had more negative affect than controls; however, phobics were more anxious during only one of the two surgeries, and often only when the surgery was presented prior to the neutral scene. Fainting did not occur, and self-reported feelings of faintness were unrelated to blood pressure changes. The findings highlight the lack of information on blood phobic stimulus properties, fainting's relationship to self-reports and blood pressure, and the specific emotion experienced in blood phobia.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90026-d

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Lumley and Melamed (1992), BII patients who reported feelings of faintness did not necessarily show a drop in BP during exposure to feared stimuli.

    “Furthermore, in a study by Lumley and Melamed (1992), BII patients who reported feelings of faintness did not necessarily show a drop in BP during exposure to feared stimuli.”

    From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Lumley and Melamed, 1992

  • Lack of the second phase of the diphasic response may be due to brief exposures, as a number of patients develop pre-syncopal symptoms only after a few minutes.

    “For example, lack of the second phase of the diphasic response may be due to brief exposures: Lumley and Melamed (1992) used a film presentation as short as 60-s, which may have been too short as a number of patients develop pre-syncopal symptoms only after a few minutes (Engel, 1978).”

    From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Lumley and Melamed (1992)

  • Studies have frequently observed monophasic patterns; Lumley and Melamed observed only increases in heart rate during a surgery film.

    “Studies have frequently observed monophasic patterns. Lumley and Melamed (1992) observed only increases in HR during a surgery film.”

    From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Lumley and Melamed (1992)

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 28

  1. Agras, 1969, The epidemiology of common fears and phobias, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 10, 151, 10.1016/0010-440X(69)90022-4 · DOI
  2. Chambless, 1984, Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobia: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090, 10.1037/0022-006X.52.6.1090 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Connolly, 1976, Selective association of vasovagal fainting with blood-injury-illness fear, Behavior Therapy, 7, 8, 10.1016/S0005-7894(76)80214-6 · DOI
  4. Cook, 1987, Stimulus control and data acquisition for IBM PC's and compatibles, Psychophysiology, 24, 726
  5. Cook, 1988, Emotional imagery and the differential diagnosis of anxiety, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 734, 10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.734 · DOI
  6. Costello, 1982, Fears and phobias in women: A community study, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 280, 10.1037/0021-843X.91.4.280 · DOI
  7. Davis, 1980, A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85
  8. Davis, 1987, Emotional reactions to dramatic film stimuli: The influence of cognitive and emotional empathy, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 126, 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.126 · DOI
  9. Engel, 1978, Psychologic stress, vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope, and sudden death, Annals of Internal Medicine, 89, 403, 10.7326/0003-4819-89-3-403 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Fenz, 1967, Specificity in somatic responses to anxiety, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24, 1183, 10.2466/pms.1967.24.3c.1183 · DOI
  11. Fenz, 1965, Manifest anxiety: Unifactorial or multifactorial composition, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 20, 773, 10.2466/pms.1965.20.3.773 · DOI
  12. Graham, 1961, Prediction of fainting in blood donors, Circulation, 23, 901, 10.1161/01.CIR.23.6.901 · DOI
  13. Graham, 1961, Vasovagal fainting: A diphasic response, Psychosomatic Medicine, 23, 493, 10.1097/00006842-196111000-00004 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Hodes, 1985, Individual differences in autonomic response: Conditioned association or conditioned fear?, Psychophysiology, 22, 545, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01649.x · DOI
  15. Kleinknecht, 1987, Vasovagal syncope and blood/injury fear, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25, 175, 10.1016/0005-7967(87)90043-X · DOI
  16. Kleinknecht, 1988, Specificity and psychosocial correlates of blood/injury fear and fainting, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 303, 10.1016/0005-7967(88)90082-4 · DOI
  17. Kleinknecht, 1990, The Mutilation Questionnaire as a predictor of blood/injury fear and fainting, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 429, 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90163-D · DOI
  18. Klorman, 1975, Autonomic responses to affective visual stimuli, Psychophysiology, 12, 553, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00045.x · DOI
  19. Klorman, 1977, Individual differences in fear and autonomic reactions to affective stimulation, Psychophysiology, 14, 45, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01154.x · DOI
  20. Miller, 1987, Individual differences in imagery and the psychophysiology of emotion, Cognition and Emotion, 1, 367, 10.1080/02699938708408058 · DOI
  21. Ost, 1987, Applied tension: A specific behavioral method for treatment of blood phobia, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25, 25, 10.1016/0005-7967(87)90111-2 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Oswalt, 1977, A review of blood donor motivation and recruitment, Transfusion, 17, 123, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151916.x · DOI
  23. Reiss, 1987, Theoretical perspectives on the fear of anxiety, Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 585, 10.1016/0272-7358(87)90007-9 · DOI
  24. Reiss, 1986, Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1, 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Sheehan, 1967, A shortened form of Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 386, 10.1002/1097-4679(196707)23:3<386::AID-JCLP2270230328>3.0.CO;2-S · DOI
  26. Steptoe, 1988, Emotional fainting and the psychophysiological response to blood and injury: Autonomic mechanisms and coping strategies, Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 402, 10.1097/00006842-198807000-00008 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Thyer, 1985, Blood injury-illness phobia: A review, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 451, 10.1002/1097-4679(198507)41:4<451::AID-JCLP2270410402>3.0.CO;2-O · DOI
  28. White, 1977, The measurement of imagery vividness: Normative data and their relationship to sex, age, and modality differences, British Journal of Psychology, 68, 203, 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1977.tb01576.x · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Lumley, M. A., & Melamed, B. G.
Affiliations
University of Florida Health (US)
Corresponding author
Lumley, Mark A.
ORCID
Lumley, Mark A.
Venue
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1992-09
Volume
30
Issue
5
Pages
425-434
ISSN
0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0005-7967(92)90026-d
OpenAlex
W2051987836
Cited by
75
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (T32DE007133)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Keywords
blood phobia, fear of blood, affect, anxiety, autonomic arousal, muscle tension, motion sickness, empathic distress, anxiety sensitivity, syncope, blood pressure
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Blood, Blood Pressure, Desensitization, Psychologic, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Phobic Disorders, Syncope

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review