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Blood/injury fear, fainting and avoidance of medically-related situations: A family correspondence study
Abstract
The relationship of mutilation fear and fainting was examined in 204 students, (103 fainters and 101 non-fainters) by administering a series of questionnaires and a structured interview concerning the history, effects and circumstances of their fear and fainting. Two hundred and sixty of their parents completed the same scales along with a self-report version of the structured interview. Subjects were classified according to their fainting status and level of fear based on Mutilation Questionnaire scores, as phobic, fearful, and non-fearful fainters, and fearful non-fainters. Phobic and fearful fainters avoided significantly more medical and related situations due to their fear and fainting than fearful non-fainters and non-fearful fainters. Medical avoidance was best predicted by a linear combination of subjects' estimated probability of future fainting and number of past faint episodes. More females reported fainting and females reported greater fear, but they did not differ from males in fear-motivated avoidance of medical situations. A significant parent-child correspondence was found for fainting, but not for fear nor for avoidances. Implications of these findings for fear and fainting acquisition and its relation to avoidance were discussed.
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Older studies have shown fainting rates of up to 80%, and even reported seizures, asystolia, and death.
“Older studies have shown fainting rates of up to 80% (42, 43), and even reported seizures, asystolia, and death (26, 32, 39, 44).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
Vasovagal and orthostatic fainting is very common in female BII phobia patients.
“which is very common in female BII phobia patients (29, 42, 43).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kleinknecht, R. A., & Lenz, J.
- Affiliations
- Western Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kleinknecht, Ronald A.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 537-547
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967909609
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- syncope, fear acquisition, students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Blood, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Personality Tests, Phobic Disorders, Referral and Consultation, Syncope, Wounds and Injuries
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