One session treatment for specific phobias: an adaptation for paediatric blood–injection–injury phobia in youth
Abstract
Blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia is a chronic and debilitating disorder, which has largely been neglected in the child literature. The present paper briefly reviews the aetiology of specific phobias with particular attention to BII and provides an integrated developmental model of this disorder in youth. Evidence-based treatments for child-specific phobias are discussed, and the development of a modified one session treatment (OST) approach to enhance treatment outcomes for BII phobia in children and adolescents is described. This approach is illustrated in two children with a primary diagnosis of BII phobia. The cases illustrate the unique challenges associated with treating BII in youth and the need for a modified intervention. Modifications included addressing the role of pain (e.g., psychoeducation, more graduated exposure steps) and disgust (e.g., disgust eliciting exposure tasks) in the expression of the phobia and fainting in the maintenance of this phobia. Moreover, it is recommended that parents be more actively involved throughout treatment (e.g., education session prior to OST, contingency management training, guidance regarding planning exposure tasks following treatment) and for families to participate in a structured e-therapy maintenance programme post-treatment.
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Besides intense fear and fainting, disgust plays a major role in the BII phobia reaction.
“Besides intense fear and fainting, disgust plays a major role in the BII phobia reaction (45–47).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
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Jones, M. K., & Menzies, R. G. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00076-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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BackgroundSelf-citationCLINICAL FEATURES OF FOUR DSM-IV–SPECIFIC PHOBIA SUBTYPES
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“In a recent study, Kane et al. (2014) investigated the relationship between fearfulness, anxiety sensitivity, maternal over protection, and perceived control in a sample of 126 (7–13 year old) youth with a primary diagnosis of specific phobia, excluding BII phobia.”
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Thyer (1985) · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198507)41:4
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Oar, E. L., Farrell, L. J., Waters, A. M., Conlon, E. G., & Ollendick, T. H. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Berge, K. G., Agdal, M. L., Vika, M., & Skeie, M. S. (2017) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016357.2017.1297849 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cognitive biases in blood-injection-injury phobia: a review
Abado, E., Aue, T., & Okon-Singer, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678891 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
von Mücke-Heim, I.-A., Walter, I., Nischwitz, S., & Erhardt, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915058 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Additionally, parenting and temperament are deemed factors of BII phobia development in children and adolescents (47).”
Background
- Authors
- Oar, E. L., Farrell, L. J., & Ollendick, T. H.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Oar, Ella L.
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2015-09-15
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 370-394
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- OpenAlex
- W2258691090
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University (AU) (Behavioural Basis of Health)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- blood-injection-injury phobia, specific phobia, single-session intervention, children and adolescents, developmental model, pain, disgust, syncope, psychoeducation, graduated exposure, parental involvement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Phobic Disorders
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