Magnesium Deficiency in Vitro Enhances Free Radical-Induced Intracellular Oxidation and Cytotoxicity in Endothelial Cells
Abstract
The effect of magnesium (Mg)‐deficient culture on endothelial cell susceptibility to oxidative stress was examined. Bovine endothelial cells were cultured in either control sufficient (0.8 mM) or deficient (0.4 mM) levels of MgCl 2. Oxygen radicals were produced extracellularly by the addition of dihydroxyfumarate and Fe 3+‐ADP. Isolated Mg‐deficient endothelial cells produced 2‐ to 3‐fold higher levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)‐reactive materials when incubated with this free radical system. Additional studies were performed using digitized video microscopy and 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) as an intracellular indicator for oxidative events at the single cell level. In response to the exogenous oxidative Stress, endothelial cells exhibited a time‐dependent increase in fluorescence, suggestive of intracellular lipid peroxidation. The increase in cellular fluorescence began within 1 min or free radical addition; the Mg‐deficient cells exhibited a more rapid increase in fluoresence than that of Mg‐sufficient cells. In separate experiments, cellular viability was assessed using the Trypan blue exclusion assay. Mg deficiency increased cytotoxicity of the added oxyradicals, but the loss or cellular viability began to occur only after 15 min of free radical exposure, tagging behind the detection of intracellular oxidation products. These results suggest that increased oxidative endothelial cell injury may contribute to vascular injury during Mg deficiency.
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The structural and functional roles of zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, and manganese are crucial for antioxidant defence.
“Concerning the latter, the structural and functional roles of a few minerals such as zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg) copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) is crucial (Table 5) [409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [416]
In endothelial cell cultures, magnesium deficiency enhances free radical production and cell apoptosis, and increases release of pro-inflammatory molecules.
“Cell culture studies have demonstrated that Mg shortage negatively impact antioxidant defence, cell cycle progression and cellular viability; in particular, its deficiency in endothelial cell cultures enhances free radicals production and cell apoptosis [416], and increases the release of pro-inflammatory molecules [417].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [416]
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- Authors
- Dickens, B. F., Weglicki, W. B., Li, Y.-S., & Mak, I. T.
- Affiliations
- George Washington University Hospital (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dickens, B.F.
- ORCID
- Mak, I.T.
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-10-26
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 187-191
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2076877526
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01hl038079-05, 5r01hl036418-14)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01-HL 38079, R01-HL-36418)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- hypomagnesemia, endothelial cells, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, oxygen free radicals, intracellular oxidation, cytotoxicity, vascular injury, TBARS, cell viability
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Diphosphate, Animals, Aorta, Cattle, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Endothelium, Vascular, Free Radicals, Fumarates, Kinetics, Magnesium, Magnesium Deficiency, Oxidation-Reduction, Lipid Peroxidation, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
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