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The silica cycle in the Precambrian
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“This is the value expected in Precambrian seawater prior to the evolution of silicasecreting organisms [Siever, 1992] and is at the upper limit of weathering fluids found on contemporary Earth, which have silica concentrations ranging from 2 to 60 ppm, depending on rock type [Garr½ls and MacKenzie, 1971, p.160].”
From A chemical model for evaporites on early Mars: Possible sedimentary tracers of the early climate and implications for exploration (1999) · cites this paper as Siever, 1992
In the citing paper
“Similar to Fe(II), the Archaean ocean had significantly elevated concentrations of dissolved silica, at least as high as at saturation with cristobalite (0.67 mM at 40 o C in seawater), between 0.5 and 1.5 mM for Fe(III)-Si gels, depending on the Fe/Si ratio, or as high as 2.20 mM for amorphous silica (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005; Konhauser et al., 2007a; Zheng et al., 2016).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Siever, 1992
In the citing paper
“Abiogenic cherts are predominantly formed in the Precambrian due to high marine silica concentrations in the absence of a biological sink (Siever, 1992;Maliva et al., 2005).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Siever, 1992
In the citing paper
“High concentrations of these ions within sediment pore-waters may also have been favoured by their elevated concentrations in the Precambrian seawater, owing in part, to the lack of significant biomineral sinks (e.g. Maliva et al., 1989; 2005; Siever, 1992; Porter & Knoll, 2000; Shields, 2002; Perry & Lefticariu, 2003).”
From Remarkable preservation of microbial mats in Neoproterozoic siliciclastic settings: Implications for Ediacaran taphonomic models (2009) · cites this paper as Siever, 1992
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bekker, A., Slack, J. F., Planavsky, N., Krapez, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K. O., & Rouxel, O. J. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · Cited by 1,013
“B. Generalized sequence-stratigraphic model for Phanerozoic oolitic ironstones (modified from Maynard and Van Houten, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialTréguer, P. J., & Rocha, C. L. D. L. (2012) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172346 · Cited by 797
“, lower Si/N ratios), diatoms have all but stripped the ocean of DSi (Siever 1991), bringing concentrations down to the roughly 73-μM average of the deep sea and <10-μM average of surface waters.”
BackgroundThe Iron Biogeochemical Cycle Past and Present
Raiswell, R., & Canfield, D. E. (2012) · Geochemical Perspectives · doi:10.7185/geochempersp.1.1 · Cited by 756
“Konhauser et al. (2007) echoed earlier discussions arguing that early in Earth history, long before the evolution of silica-precipitating diatoms and sponges, the oceans likely reached saturation with some silicon oxide phase (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundPhotosynthetic microbial mats in the 3,416-Myr-old ocean
Tice, M. M., & Lowe, D. R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02888 · Cited by 545
“Instead, we conclude that photosynthetic organisms had evolved and were living in a stratified ocean supersaturated in dissolved silic”
BackgroundIron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history
Konhauser, K. O., Planavsky, N. J., Hardisty, D. S., Robbins, L. J., Warchola, T. J., Haugaard, R., Lalonde, S. V., Partin, C. A., Oonk, P. B. H., Tsikos, H., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.012 · Cited by 537
“…silica, at least as high as at saturation with cristobalite (0.67 mM at 40 °C in seawater), between 0.5 and 1.5 mM for Fe(III)-Si gels, depending on the Fe/Si ratio, or as high as 2.20 mM for amorphous silica (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005; Konhauser et al., 2007a; Zheng et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialA palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts
Robert, F., & Chaussidon, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05239 · Cited by 510
The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir
Planavsky, N. J., Rouxel, O. J., Bekker, A., Lalonde, S. V., Konhauser, K. O., Reinhard, C. T., & Lyons, T. W. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09485 · Cited by 488
Jaffrés, J. B. D., Shields, G. A., & Wallmann, K. (2007) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.002 · Cited by 398
“Biogenic (e.g. diatoms) siliceous sediments are converted from relatively soluble opal-A to opal-CT over a period of 103–107 years, and finally to crystalline chert (Siever, 1992; Bohrmann et al., 1994; Knauth, 1994; Perry and Lefticariu, 2003).”
BackgroundSecular change in the Precambrian silica cycle: insights from chert petrology
Maliva, R. G., Knoll, A. H., & Simonson, B. M. (2005) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b25555.1 · Cited by 377
Iron isotopes constrain biologic and abiologic processes in banded iron formation genesis
Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., Klein, C., Beukes, N. J., & Roden, E. (2007) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.10.013 · Cited by 352
“It is important to note that although dissolved silica was much higher during BIF formation as compared to today (Siever, 1992), silica does not inhibit Fe(III) reduction rates for DIR that utilizes ferrihydrite as the terminal electron acceptor (Kukkadapu et al.”
BackgroundReverse weathering as a long-term stabilizer of marine pH and planetary climate
Isson, T. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0408-4 · Cited by 306
Iron Formations: Their Origins and Implications for Ancient Seawater Chemistry
Bekker, A., Planavsky, N. J., Krapež, B., Rasmussen, B., Hofmann, A., Slack, J. F., Rouxel, O. J., & Konhauser, K. O. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00719-1 · Cited by 292
“Owing to the absence of silicasecreting organisms during the Precambrian, Archean seawater probably was close to or at saturation with respect to amorphous silica (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialKONHAUSER, K. O., NEWMAN, D. K., & KAPPLER, A. (2005) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00055.x · Cited by 252
“© 2005 The Authors Journal compilation © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd saturation state of amorphous silica, around 110 mg l−1 at 25 °C (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundA key role for green rust in the Precambrian oceans and the genesis of iron formations
Halevy, I., Alesker, M., Schuster, E. M., Popovitz‐Biro, R., & Feldman, Y. (2017) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2878 · Cited by 254
Tosca, N. J., Guggenheim, S., & Pufahl, P. K. (2016) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31339.1 · Cited by 241
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“Siever (1992) drew attention to development of chert during extended periods of rock-water interaction given the greater Si content of Precambrian oceans.”
BackgroundTrace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution
Robbins, L. J., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Partin, C. A., Reinhard, C. T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D. S., Gill, B. C., Alessi, D. S., et al. (2016) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013 · Cited by 227
“Several mechanisms have been proposed for the primary formation of abiogenic Precambrian cherts, including direct precipitation of amorphous silica from seawater (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005) and more recently sedimentation of sand-sized silica granules (Stefurak et al., 2014; 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialIron oxides, divalent cations, silica, and the early earth phosphorus crisis
Jones, C., Nomosatryo, S., Crowe, S. A., Bjerrum, C. J., & Canfield, D. E. (2015) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g36044.1 · Cited by 226
Evolution of the Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Regulation on Earth
Isson, T. T., Planavsky, N. J., Coogan, L. A., Stewart, E. M., Ague, J. J., Bolton, E. W., Zhang, S., McKenzie, N. R., & Kump, L. R. (2020) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2018gb006061 · Cited by 216
“The switch to a biologically controlled Si cycle — where the majority of SiO 2 fl uxes in the oceans are biogenic — caused a dramatic drop in dissolved marine Si concentrations (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundKrapež, B., Barley, M. E., & Pickard, A. L. (2003) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00594.x · Cited by 216
“Despite suggestions that the silica content of Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic sea water was >60 p.p.m. (Siever, 1992), there is no evidence that amorphous silica was precipitated in layers on the sea floor.”
BackgroundInfluentialvan den Boorn, S. H. J. M., van Bergen, M. J., Nijman, W., & Vroon, P. Z. (2007) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g24096a.1 · Cited by 246
Hofmann, A., & Harris, C. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.015 · Cited by 204
An iron shuttle for deepwater silica in Late Archean and early Paleoproterozoic iron formation
Fischer, W. W., & Knoll, A. H. (2006) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b26328.1 · Cited by 196
“In the absence of skeletal removal, oceanic silica concentrations were considerably higher, perhaps close to amorphous silica saturation (Siever, 1991, 1992), and the process of removal was localized to the margins of the oceans, as indicated by the prevalence of peritidal chert in Proterozoic…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRadiolarian palaeoecology and radiolarites: is the present the key to the past?
Racki, G. (2000) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(00)00024-6 · Cited by 193
Orbital forcing of climate 1.4 billion years ago
Zhang, S., Wang, X., Hammarlund, E. U., Wang, H., Costa, M. M., Bjerrum, C. J., Connelly, J. N., Zhang, B., Bian, L., & Canfield, D. E. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502239112 · Cited by 189
“The Xiamaling Formation itself was deposited well before the evolution of biological Si secretion by animals (sponges) and algae (diatoms and dinoflagellates), and it is generally assumed that Proterozoic marine waters were supersaturated with Si at this time (45, 46).”
BackgroundSPERLING, E. A., ROBINSON, J. M., PISANI, D., & PETERSON, K. J. (2010) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00225.x · Cited by 182
“Although there are no direct measurements for dissolved silica levels in the Precambrian, both modeling studies (Siever, 1992) and sedimentological evidence based on the facies distribution of cherts through time (Maliva et al.”
BackgroundKidder, D. L., & Erwin, D. H. (2001) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/320794 · Cited by 183
van den Boorn, S. H. J. M., van Bergen, M. J., Vroon, P. Z., de Vries, S. T., & Nijman, W. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.009 · Cited by 187
Biosilicification Drives a Decline of Dissolved Si in the Oceans through Geologic Time
Conley, D. J., Frings, P. J., Fontorbe, G., Clymans, W., Stadmark, J., Hendry, K., Marron, A. O., & Rocha, C. L. D. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00397 · Cited by 187
Coccolithophore Cell Biology: Chalking Up Progress
Taylor, A. R., Brownlee, C., & Wheeler, G. L. (2016) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034032 · Cited by 182
Alternating Si and Fe deposition caused by temperature fluctuations in Precambrian oceans
Posth, N. R., Hegler, F., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo306 · Cited by 167
Silicon isotopes in ∼3.8 Ga West Greenland rocks as clues to the Eoarchaean supracrustal Si cycle
André, L., Cardinal, D., Alleman, L., & Moorbath, S. E. (2006) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.046 · Cited by 162
“, [4,19,30]), we begin with a review of current knowledge of Si-isotopic features restricted to non-biogenic isotopic fractionation processes.”
BackgroundCatling, D. C., & Moore, J. M. (2003) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/s0019-1035(03)00173-8 · Cited by 164
“Minitti et al. (2002a, 2002b) have produced thin coatin of gray hematite by oxidizing synthesized basalts in ter trial air at 700◦C from 1–7 days.”
MethodMarin-Carbonne, J., Robert, F., & Chaussidon, M. (2014) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.03.016 · Cited by 157
“3): seawater, crust and sediments (Siever, 1992; Treguer et al., 1995).”
BackgroundSedimentary Ce anomalies: Secular change and implications for paleoenvironmental evolution
Zhang, K., & Shields, G. (2022) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104015 · Cited by 162
Steinhoefel, G., Horn, I., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.037 · Cited by 155
“Considering the presumably long residence times for both Fe and Si in the order of 10(6) years (Siever, 1992; Trendall, 2002), steady state conditions of the ocean are likely and short-term changes of well-mixed seawater within the deposition time of some 10(2) to 10(3) years for the investigated BIF section are unexp…”
BackgroundSteinhoefel, G., von Blanckenburg, F., Horn, I., Konhauser, K. O., Beukes, N. J., & Gutzmer, J. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.01.028 · Cited by 159
Tice, M., & Lowe, D. (2006) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.03.003 · Cited by 139
Biogenic Fe(III) minerals: from formation to diagenesis and preservation in the rock record
Posth, N. R., Canfield, D. E., & Kappler, A. (2014) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.012 · Cited by 153
“In addition, the presence of 2 mM dissolved silica, a likely concentration in the Archean ocean (Siever, 1992), does not hinder the oxidation of Fe(II) by these strains (Konhauser et al., 2007; Posth et al., 2008).”
BackgroundCatling, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1029/1998je001020 · Cited by 148
Muscente, A. D., Hawkins, A. D., & Xiao, S. (2014) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.10.013 · Cited by 148
“In general, the dissolved SiO2 content of seawater in the Precambrian was higher than in the Phanerozoic (Maliva et al., 1989; Siever, 1992; Perry and Lefticariu, 2007).”
BackgroundExceptional preservation of soft-bodied Ediacara Biota promoted by silica-rich oceans
Tarhan, L. G., Hood, A. V. S., Droser, M. L., Gehlîng, J. G., & Briggs, D. E. G. (2016) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g38542.1 · Cited by 148
The dynamics of cyanobacterial silicification: an infrared micro-spectroscopic investigation
Benning, L. G., Phoenix, V. R., Yee, N., & Konhauser, K. O. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00488-5 · Cited by 145
“Certainly, the ancient oceans contained high concentrations of silica (Siever, 1992) and iron (Morris, 1993), and thus unsurprisingly many ancient microfossils are found preserved in cherts and silica stromatolites (e.g., Cloud, 1965; Awramick et al., 1983; Schopf, 1993).”
BackgroundCallow, R. H. T., & Brasier, M. D. (2009) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.002 · Cited by 142
“High concentrations of these ions within sediment porewaters may also have been favoured by their elevated concentrations in the Precambrian seawater, owing in part, to the lack of significant biomineral sinks (e.g. Maliva et al., 1989; 2005; Siever, 1992; Porter & Knoll, 2000; Shields, 2002; Perry & Lefticariu, 2003).”
BackgroundMcLoughlin, N., WILSON, L. A., & Brasier, M. D. (2008) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00141.x · Cited by 148
A Field Guide to Finding Fossils on Mars
McMahon, S., Bosak, T., Grotzinger, J. P., Milliken, R. E., Summons, R. E., Daye, M., Newman, S., Fraeman, A. A., Williford, K. H., & Briggs, D. E. G. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2017je005478 · Cited by 142
“, 2008) when pore waters became silica saturated in the absence of silica-secreting organisms (Maliva et al., 2005; Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundHot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms
Konhauser, K. O., Jones, B., Reysenbach, A., & Renaut, R. W. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e03-059 · Cited by 137
“Modern terrestrial hot springs are ideal sites for studying biomineralization processes because the hot, reducing, and often silica-supersaturated, geothermal fluids provide conditions that are considered reasonably similar to those that existed in Archean oceans (Siever 1992; Nisbet and Sleep 2001).”
BackgroundThe Evolution of Silicon Transport in Eukaryotes
Marron, A. O., Ratcliffe, S. J., Wheeler, G. L., Goldstein, R. E., King, N., Not, F., de Vargas, C., & Richter, D. J. (2016) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msw209 · Cited by 138
Did life originate from a global chemical reactor?
Stüeken, E. E., Anderson, R. E., Bowman, J. S., Brazelton, W. J., Colangelo-Lillis, J. R., Goldman, A. D., Som, S. M., & Baross, J. A. (2013) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12025 · Cited by 139
“While the Precambrian ocean was probably saturated with silica (Siever, 1992; Hofmann, 2011) and possibly carbonate, which may have lowered the porosity of the crust by precipitation, stronger tidal interaction and more vigorous tectonism could have opened up”
BackgroundCampbell, K. A., Guido, D. M., Gautret, P., Foucher, F., Ramboz, C., & Westall, F. (2015) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.009 · Cited by 132
“Enhanced seawater evaporation on shallow peritidal platforms in warmer oceans than today, combined with the absence of Phanerozoic-style biomineralization as a silica sink, facilitated direct silica precipitation from Precambian seawater (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005).”
BackgroundThe geologic history of seawater oxygen isotopes from marine iron oxides
Galili, N., Shemesh, A., Yam, R., Brailovsky, I., Sela-Adler, M., Schuster, E. M., Collom, C., Bekker, A., Planavsky, N., Macdonald, F. A., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw9247 · Cited by 128
Marin‐Carbonne, J., Chaussidon, M., & Robert, F. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.040 · Cited by 132
Sutton, J. N., André, L., Cardinal, D., Conley, D. J., de Souza, G. F., Dean, J. R., Dodd, J. P., Ehlert, C., Ellwood, M. J., Frings, P. J., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2017.00112 · Cited by 138
“The global oceanic Si cycle has evolved through geologic time primarily due to the uptake of dissolved Si and subsequent biomineralization by organisms, especially sponges, radiolarians and diatoms (Siever, 1991).”
BackgroundInfluentialExhalative origins of iron formations
Kimberley, M. M. (1989) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/0169-1368(89)90003-6 · Cited by 126
An early ecosystem of Archean tidal microbial mats (Moodies Group, South Africa, ca. 3.2 Ga)
Heubeck, C. (2009) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g30101a.1 · Cited by 121
Microbiological processes in banded iron formation deposition
Posth, N. R., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. A. (2013) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12051 · Cited by 124
“It has also been shown that Fe(II) oxidation is not hindered by the high concentrations of silica (2 mM) estimated for the Archean oceans (Siever, 1992; Konhauser et al., 2007a).”
BackgroundGeilert, S., Vroon, P. Z., Roerdink, D. L., Cappellen, P. V., & van Bergen, M. J. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.003 · Cited by 121
Smith, A. J. B., Beukes, N. J., & Gutzmer, J. (2012) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/econgeo.108.1.111 · Cited by 116
“The dissolved silica concentrations in early Precambrian oceans are considered to have been at least six times as high as in the modern ocean (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundRasmussen, B., Krapež, B., Muhling, J. R., & Suvorova, A. (2015) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g36309.1 · Cited by 115
Fe(II)-carbonate precipitation kinetics and the chemistry of anoxic ferruginous seawater
Jiang, C. Z., & Tosca, N. J. (2018) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.010 · Cited by 118
“127 The concentration in Precambrian seawaters, in the absence of a biological silica 128 sink, would have been limited by the precipitation of amorphous silica (120-140ppm; 129 ; Maliva et al., 2005; Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundPhoenix, V. R., Bennett, P. C., Engel, A. S., Tyler, S. W., & Ferris, F. G. (2006) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00063.x · Cited by 116
“Due to the high concentration of dissolved silica and concomitant widespread precipitation of amorphous silica in the ancient oceans (Holland, 1984; Siever, 1992; Sugitani, 1992), Precambrian photosynthetic life likely developed in a habitat where silica precipitation was occurring, similar to that…”
BackgroundRasmussen, B., Muhling, J. R., Suvorova, A., & Krapež, B. (2017) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.12.005 · Cited by 111
Highly alkaline, high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in the early Archean ocean
Shibuya, T., Komiya, T., Nakamura, K., Takai, K., & Maruyama, S. (2010) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2010.08.011 · Cited by 112
An oceanic subduction origin for Archaean granitoids revealed by silicon isotopes
Deng, Z., Chaussidon, M., Guitreau, M., Puchtel, I. S., Dauphas, N., & Moynier, F. (2019) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0407-6 · Cited by 107
Spence, G. H., Heron, D. P. L., & Fairchild, I. J. (2016) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12261 · Cited by 105
“An argument for lack of preservation of Neoproterozoic siliceous spicules (Sperling et al., 2010) is contradicted by the arguments for oceanic silica saturation (Siever, 1991) and common evidence of early diagenetic silicification in carbonate facies in the Neoproterozoic.”
BackgroundHeck, P. R., Huberty, J. M., Kita, N. T., Ushikubo, T., Kozdon, R., & Valley, J. W. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.023 · Cited by 109
“Diatoms, radiolarians, and sponges, the silica precipitating organisms that later became important for silicon fractionation in the ocean (De La Rocha et al., 1997; De La Rocha, 2003), did not exist in the Precambrian (Kooistra and Medlin, 1996; Gehling and Rigby, 1996; Love et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialHendry, K., Georg, R. B., Rickaby, R. E. M., Robinson, L. F., & Halliday, A. N. (2010) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.005 · Cited by 102
“Siliceous sponges originated in the Precambrian (Love et 218 al,. 2009), with a relatively low affinity for Si (Frølich & Barthel, 1997), at a time when 219 weathering of silicate rocks resulted in high oceanic Si(OH)4 (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundIron silicate microgranules as precursor sediments to 2.5-billion-year-old banded iron formations
Rasmussen, B., Meier, D. B., Krapež, B., & Muhling, J. R. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g33828.1 · Cited by 101
Rasmussen, B., Krapež, B., & Meier, D. B. (2014) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30944.1 · Cited by 96
Biomineralization and Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Cappellen, P. V. (2003) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2113/0540357 · Cited by 97
“During the Precambrian, prior to biological silicification, the marine silica cycle was probably dominated by sorption reactions of dissolved silicic acid to clay minerals, zeolites and organic matter (Siever 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarbonates before skeletons: A database approach
Cantine, M. D., Knoll, A. H., & Bergmann, K. (2019) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103065 · Cited by 98
Si isotope variability in Proterozoic cherts
Chakrabarti, R., Knoll, A. H., Jacobsen, S. B., & Fischer, W. W. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.025 · Cited by 98
“313 Much, however, left the oceans as precipitates during evaporation of seawater and is 314 preserved primarily as early diagenetic cherts in shallow water carbonate successions 315 (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundSilicon uptake by sponges: a twist to understanding nutrient cycling on continental margins
Maldonado, M., Navarro, L., Grasa, A., González, A., & Vaquerizo, I. (2011) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00030 · Cited by 95
The experimental silicification of Aquificales and their role in hot spring sinter formation
Lalonde, S. V., Konhauser, K. O., Reysenbach, A., & Ferris, F. G. (2005) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00042.x · Cited by 94
“Nisbet & Sleep, 2001): (1) It is believed that the early oceans were warm (Knauth & Lowe, 2003) and supersaturated with respect to amorphous silica (Siever, 1992; Tice & Lowe, 2004).”
BackgroundMarin‐Carbonne, J., Chaussidon, M., & Robert, F. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.016 · Cited by 100
Pickard, A. L., Barley, M., & Krapež, B. (2004) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.06.007 · Cited by 94
“…Precambrian A.L. Pickard et al. / Sedimentary Geology 170 (2004) 37–6248 seawater had high silica concentrations (Simonson and Hassler, 1997); Siever (1992) estimated a minimum value of ~ 60 ppm during the Palaeoproterozoic and likewise interpreted a diagenetic replacement origin for most…”
BackgroundPelagic Sedimentation in Modern and Ancient Oceans
Hüneke, H., & Henrich, R. (2010) · Developments in sedimentology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53000-4.00004-4 · Cited by 95
Was the Deposition of Large Precambrian Iron Formations Linked to Major Marine Transgressions?
Simonson, B. M., & Hassler, S. W. (1996) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/629861 · Cited by 89
Coupled silicon–oxygen isotope fractionation traces Archaean silicification
Abraham, K., Hofmann, A., Foley, S., Cardinal, D., Harris, C., Barth, M. G., & André, L. (2010) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.002 · Cited by 91
“Mineral precipitation from such an isotopically fractionated ocean (residence time of Si=10(5) yr; Siever, 1992), should therefore contrast with the rather limited range of δ(30)Si variation in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks (δ(30)Si=−0.”
BackgroundInfluentialWestall, F., Foucher, F., Cavalazzi, B., de Vries, S. T., Nijman, W., Pearson, V. K., Watson, J. S., Verchovsky, A. B., Wright, I. P., Rouzaud, J., et al. (2010) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.006 · Cited by 87
“The Early Archaean seawater was saturated with respect to amorphous silica (Siever, 1992) and, in the case of the Kitty’s Gap environment, there was an additional source of hydrothermal silica (van den Boorn et al.”
BackgroundPrimary hematite in Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic oceans
Sun, S., Konhauser, K. O., Kappler, A. A., & Li, Y. (2015) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31122.1 · Cited by 86
“For instance, chert (microcrystalline quartz) was initially deposited as amorphous silica, or as silica fl occulated with ferric oxyhydroxides (e.g., Siever, 1957, 1992; Fischer and Knoll, 2009).”
BackgroundTutolo, B. M., & Tosca, N. J. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.01.019 · Cited by 88
“Siever and Woodford (1973), Hager (1980), 218 and Siever (1992) have all emphasized the diagenetic implications of silica sorption onto clay 219 minerals and carbonates in marine settings, processes which are also applicable to alkaline lakes.”
BackgroundDeMaster, D. J. (2003) · Treatise on Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/07095-x · Cited by 87
Delvigne, C., Cardinal, D., Hofmann, A., & André, L. (2012) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.035 · Cited by 87
“In the absence of silica-secreting organisms, our current understanding of Precambrian oceans is limited to the assumption that silicon (Si) concentrations were close to saturation of amorphous silica (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundHydrothermal activity during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: Silicon isotopic evidence
Fan, H., Wen, H., Zhu, X., Hu, R., & Tian, S. (2012) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.09.004 · Cited by 85
PERCAK‐DENNETT, E. M., BEARD, B. L., XU, H., KONISHI, H., JOHNSON, C. M., & RODEN, E. E. (2011) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00277.x · Cited by 83
“In addition, seawater in the Proterozoic and Archaean was probably saturated with respect to amorphous silica (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005) because of the lack of silica-secreting organisms in the Precambrian.”
BackgroundZheng, X.-Y., Beard, B. L., Reddy, T. R., Roden, E. E., & Johnson, C. M. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.012 · Cited by 81
Phosphorus sources for phosphatic Cambrian carbonates
Creveling, J., Johnston, D., Poulton, S., Kotrc, B., März, C., Schrag, D., & Knoll, A. (2014) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30819.1 · Cited by 76
Hao, J., Knoll, A. H., Huang, F., Schieber, J., Hazen, R. M., & Daniel, I. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.005 · Cited by 83
“In the absence of a skeletal silica sink, dissolved silica concentration would presumably have been relatively high, limited by the solubility of amorphous silica (Siever, 1992; Tréguer and De La Rocha, 2012).”
BackgroundGreenalite and its role in the genesis of early Precambrian iron formations – A review
Rasmussen, B., Muhling, J. R., & Krapež, B. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103613 · Cited by 83
Formation and Geochemistry of Precambrian Cherts
Perry, E. C., & Lefticariu, L. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/07138-3 · Cited by 85
Hickman‐Lewis, K., Cavalazzi, B., Foucher, F., & Westall, F. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.04.007 · Cited by 82
“Considering the doubtless high concentration of silica in Precambrian oceans (Siever, 1992; Maliva et al., 2005; Knauth, 2005)”
BackgroundFrings, P. J., Clymans, W., Jeppesen, E., Lauridsen, T. L., Struyf, E., & Conley, D. J. (2014) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-013-9944-z · Cited by 78
“This potentially confounds attempts to use silicon isotopes to address questions of long-term changes in ocean Si cycling (Siever 1991, 1992) or terrestrial weathering regimes.”
BackgroundDong, L., Shen, B., Lee, C. A., Shu, X.-J., Peng, Y., Sun, Y., Tang, Z., Rong, H., Lang, X., Ma, H., et al. (2015) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1002/2014gc005595 · Cited by 75
Low‐Fe(III) Greenalite Was a Primary Mineral From Neoarchean Oceans
Johnson, J. E., Muhling, J. R., Cosmidis, J., Rasmussen, B., & Templeton, A. S. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076311 · Cited by 77
“Previous work has established that silica levels were significantly higher in the Archean oceans (Maliva et al., 2005; Siever, 1992) and observations of primary authigenic silica granules in Archean cherts (Stefurak et al.”
BackgroundKrissansen-Totton, J., & Catling, D. C. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116181 · Cited by 75
“Ocean dissolved silica was assumed to be at silica saturation, or approximately 1500 μM (Siever, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialPersistent late Permian to Early Triassic warmth linked to enhanced reverse weathering
Cao, C., Bataille, C. P., Song, H., Saltzman, M. R., Cramer, K. T., Wu, H., Korte, C., Zhang, Z., & Liu, X. (2022) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-022-01009-x · Cited by 73
Hiatt, E. E., Pufahl, P. K., & Edwards, C. T. (2015) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.01.006 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Siever, R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Siever, Raymond
- Venue
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3265-3272
- ISSN
- 0016-7037 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992933657
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- silica cycling, Precambrian, Neoproterozoic, dissolved silica, clay minerals, zeolites, pore water, hydrothermal input, weathering, tectonism, silica solubility
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