Endocrine characteristics of adolescent menstrual cycles: impact of early menarche
Abstract
An initial group of 200 girls, 7-17 years old, was investigated longitudinally 4 times at 1.5-, 1.5- and 5-year intervals. The present study gives information of the impact of early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, on some physical and endocrine characteristics in these subjects. The frequency of ovulation depended significantly on both the time since menarche and the age at menarche. Early menarche was associated with early onset of ovulatory cycles. Even in early puberty, before menarche, the subjects who displayed early menarche during follow-up had higher serum FSH and estradiol concentrations than the girls whose menarche took place after the age of 13.0 years. Adrenal androgen secretion (dehydroepiandrosterone) was not influenced by age at menarche but it increased, as expected, on the basis of chronological age. The group with early menarche was characterized by high circulating estradiol concentrations also after menarche, even in the oldest subjects so far studied, 17-25 years of chronological age. At these ages, the differences in the frequencies of ovulatory cycles were disappearing between the groups formed on the basis of age at menarche. The present findings in pre- and postmenarcheal subjects suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with early menarche is created over several years of exposure to high-level estrogen stimulus.
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Approximately 41% of girls have achieved ovulatory cycles by the fourth gynecologic year.
“Approximately 41% of girls have achieved ovulatory cycles by the fourth gynecologic year [133].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Vihko, R., & Apter, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- ORCID
- Apter, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Steroid Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 231-236
- ISSN
- 0022-4731 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051445164
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Steroid Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- early menarche, age at menarche, ovulation rate, serum FSH, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, adrenal androgen secretion, breast cancer risk, estrogen exposure, puberty, longitudinal cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Body Composition, Child, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Menarche, Menstruation, Progesterone, Prolactin, Puberty, Precocious, Testosterone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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