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Cited by 72Stress Responses and CortisolNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Tyrosine prevents behavioral and neurochemical correlates of an acute stress in rats

Reinstein, Daniel K., Lehnert, Hendrik, Scott, Neal A., Wurtman, Richard J.·1984·Life Sciences
DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90209-1
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Abstract

Exposure of rats to an acute, uncontrollable stressor can increase brain norepinephrine (NE) turnover and decrease locomotor and exploratory behavior. We examined the ability of exogenous tyrosine, NE's amino acid precursor, to protect rats from developing these neurochemical and behavioral changes when stressed. Animals pretreated with saline or tyrosine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) were subjected to tail shock (15 v, 2 mA, 5 sec/30 sec) or to no shock during a 60-min period. Exposure to shock depleted NE and increased its turnover [as indicated by altered NE and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylene-glycol sulfate levels (MHPG-SO4)] within the locus coeruleus, the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. Behavioral deficits were observed using measures of locomotion, standing on hind legs, and hole-poking in an open-field apparatus. Animals given tyrosine before shock displayed neither shock-induced NE depletion nor the deficits in locomotion and hole-poking; brain MHPG-SO4 levels tended to be greater than after shock alone. These observations suggest that the stress caused NE to be released from some neurons more rapidly than it could be restored by synthesis or reuptake, thereby impairing noradrenergic transmission and NE-dependent exploratory behaviors. Tyrosine administration presumably enhanced the transmitter's synthesis in stressed animals, thereby preventing both the neurochemical and the behavioral deficits.

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  • Supplementation of TYR, or TYR-containing diets, increases plasma TYR and enhances brain DA and NE release.

    “The supplementation of TYR, or TYR-containing diets, increase plasma TYR and enhance brain DA and NE release (Lehnert et al., 1984; Reinstein et al., 1984; Acworth et al., 1988; During et al., 1988; see Deijen, 2005, for a comprehensive review).”

    From Working Memory Reloaded: Tyrosine Repletes Updating in the N-Back Task (2013) · cites this paper as Reinstein et al., 1984

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Authors
Reinstein, D. K., Lehnert, H., Scott, N. A., & Wurtman, R. J.
Affiliations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
ORCID
Reinstein, Daniel K.
Venue
Life Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1984-06
Volume
34
Issue
23
Pages
2225-2231
ISSN
0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0024-3205(84)90209-1
OpenAlex
W1981664637
Cited by
72
References
32
Citations by year
2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
tyrosine, acute stress, uncontrollable stress, norepinephrine turnover, norepinephrine depletion, MHPG, locus coeruleus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, locomotor behavior, exploratory behavior, tail shock, noradrenergic neurotransmission
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Male, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, Motor Activity, Norepinephrine, Rats, Inbred Strains, Stress, Physiological, Tyrosine, Rats

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