Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that tyrosine may prove useful in promoting improved performance in situations in which performance is compromised by stress. To extend the generality of previous tyrosine findings, the present study examined the effects of tyrosine ingestion on performance during both a Multiple Task and a Simple Task battery. The multiple task battery was designed to measure working memory, arithmetic skills, and visual and auditory monitoring simultaneously, whereas the simple task battery measured only working memory and visual monitoring. Ten men and 10 women subjects underwent these batteries 1 h after ingesting 150 mg/kg of l-tyrosine or placebo. Administration of tyrosine significantly enhanced accuracy and decreased frequency of list retrieval on the working memory task during the multiple task battery compared with placebo. However, tyrosine induced no significant changes in performance on the arithmetic, visual, or auditory tasks during the Multiple Task, or modified any performance measures during the Simple Task battery. Blood levels of ACTH and cortisol were not, but heart rate and blood pressure were significantly increased during the performance tasks. The present results indicate that tyrosine may sustain working memory when competing requirements to perform other tasks simultaneously degrade performance, and that supplemental tyrosine may be appropriate for maintaining performance when mild to severe decrements are anticipated.
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TYR may replete cognitive resources, but only under sufficiently demanding conditions.
“The results revealed beneficial effects of TYR supplementation when competing requirements to perform other tasks simultaneously degrade performance (Thomas et al., 1999). This indicates that TYR may replete cognitive resources, but only under sufficiently demanding conditions.”
From Working Memory Reloaded: Tyrosine Repletes Updating in the N-Back Task (2013) · cites this paper as Thomas et al., 1999
Two studies found higher working memory scores in the tyrosine group on multitasking tasks.
“The other two studies observed higher scores of the tyrosine group on working memory tasks that require multitasking (Colzato et al., 2013;Thomas et al., 1999).”
From Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults (2015) · cites this paper as Thomas et al., 1999
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“, 2015) as well as working memory performance (Colzato et al., 2013; Hensel et al., 2019; Kühn et al., 2019; Thomas et al., 1999; van de Rest et al., 2017) and reward processing (Aquili, 2020), resulting in either improved (habitual dietary tyr or protein shakes) or both improved and weakened (high-dose oral supplemen…”
BackgroundPlini, E. R. G., Melnychuk, M. C., Harkin, A., Dahl, M. J., McAuslam, M., Kühn, S., Boyle, R. T., Whelan, R., Andrews, R., Düzel, S., et al. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0406.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DIVIDED ATTENTION, PERCEPTION AND AUDITORY RECALL
Bardolf, L. B. (2006)
L-Tirozin'in 131 I ile Radyoişaretlenmesi ve Radyofarmasötik Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi
Sarıkaya, M., & Enginar, H. (2012) · DSpace - AKÜ (Afyon Kocatepe University)
Freye, E. C. K. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0_15
From bench to bar side: Evaluating thered wine storage lesion
Klaschik, S., Ellerkmann, R. K., Gehlen, J., Frede, S., & Hilbert, T. (2021) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.1515/biol-2021-0089
“multitasking skills within a short time after consumption which may furthermore explain our results [39].”
ResultColzato, L. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57505-6_1
RetractedPlini, E. R. G., Melnychuk, M. C., Harkin, A., Dahl, M. J., McAuslan, M. J., Kühn, S., Boyle, R. T., Whelan, R., Andrews, R., Düzel, S., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3166636/v1
O'Malley, C., Vine, S. J., Arthur, T., Meléndez‐Torres, G. J., Mitchell, G. L., & Harris, D. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115014
“Of those 18 studies, two were considered of good quality [31,48], seven were considered of moderate quality [35,39,43 – 45, 47 ] , six were considered of”
- Authors
- Thomas, J. R., Lockwood, P. A., Singh, A., & Deuster, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deuster, Patricia A
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 495-500
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081268267
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- tyrosine, working memory, multitasking, cognitive performance, stress, dietary supplementation, arithmetic performance, visual monitoring, auditory monitoring, heart rate, blood pressure, ACTH, cortisol
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Attention, Auditory Perception, Catecholamines, Endocrine Glands, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Psychomotor Performance, Stimulation, Chemical, Tyrosine, Visual Perception
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