A model of inexact reasoning in medicine

Fuzzy sets

Zadeh, L. A. (1965) · Information and Control · doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x · Cited by 67,855 · see citing works

FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICS

Anderson, N. H. (2001) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410600004-24 · Cited by 6,939 · see citing works

Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice

Tversky, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032955 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works

The Logic of Scientific Discovery.

Kendall, M. G., & Popper, K. R. (1959) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2332835 · Cited by 2,896 · see citing works

Doctoral Dissertation

(2015) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400873364-029 · Cited by 2,581 · see citing works

Logical Foundations of Probability.

Burks, A. W., & Carnap, R. (1951) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2021419 · Cited by 2,380 · see citing works

Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science.

Fain, H., & Hempel, C. G. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091314 · Cited by 2,197 · see citing works

Foundations of Mathematics and other Logical Essays

Ramsey, F. P. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315887814 · Cited by 2,004 · see citing works

The Foundations of Statistics

Mahalanobis, P. C. (1954) · dialectica · doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1954.tb01124.x · Cited by 1,722 · see citing works

The logic of inexact concepts

Goguen, J. A. (1969) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/bf00485654 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works

Modern Probability Theory and its Applications.

Wishart, D. M. G., & Parzen, E. (1961) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2343247 · Cited by 767 · see citing works

The Foundations Of Scientific Inference

Salmon, W. C. (1967) · University of Pittsburgh Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt5hjqm2 · Cited by 681 · see citing works

The Principles of Scientific Thinking

Harré, R. (1970) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-81592-0 · Cited by 634 · see citing works

Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications.

J., N. L., & Parzen, E. (1960) · The Incorporated Statistician · doi:10.2307/2987474 · Cited by 629 · see citing works

Handbook of Mathematical Psychology

McGinnis, R., Luce, R. D., Bush, R. R., & Galanter, E. (1967) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421001 · Cited by 551 · see citing works

On the Epistemology of the Inexact Sciences

Helmer, O., & Rescher, N. (1959) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.6.1.25 · Cited by 532 · see citing works

I.—STUDIES IN THE LOGIC OF CONFIRMATION (II.)

Hempel, C. G. (1945) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/liv.214.97 · Cited by 528 · see citing works

Aspects of Inductive Logic

(1966) · Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics · doi:10.1016/s0049-237x(08)x7084-3 · Cited by 314 · see citing works

Decision analysis and clinical judgment

Schwartz, W. B., Gorry, G. A., Kassirer, J. P., & Essig, A. (1973) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90203-9 · Cited by 245 · see citing works

An Artificial Intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy

Shortliffe, E. H., Axline, S. G., Buchanan, B. G., Merigan, T. C., & Cohen, S. N. (1973) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(73)90029-3 · Cited by 230 · see citing works

A rule-based computer program for advising physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy selection

Shortliffe, E. H. (1974) · ACM Annual Conference · doi:10.1145/1408800.1408906 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Uncertainty in Economics and Other Reflections

Dickson, H., & Shackle, G. L. S. (1956) · Ekonomisk Tidskrift · doi:10.2307/3438809 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Probability, Induction and Statistics. The Art of Guessing

Rosenblatt-Roth, M., & de Finetti, B. (1979) · International Statistical Review · doi:10.2307/1403216 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Experience with a Model of Sequential Diagnosis

Gorry, G. A., & Barnett, G. O. (1985) · Computers and medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8554-7_11 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Experience with a model of sequential diagnosis

Gorry, G. A., & Barnett, G. O. (1968) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(68)90016-5 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Decision analysis as the basis for computer-aided management of acute renal failure

Gorry, G. A., Kassirer, J. P., Essig, A., & Schwartz, W. B. (1973) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90204-0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

An Introduction to Confirmation Theory.

Pastin, M., & Swinburne, R. G. (1975) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184089 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

EXPERIENCE WITH BAYE'S THEOREM FOR COMPUTER DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE*

Warner, H. R., Toronto, A. F., & Veasy, L. G. (1964) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb50648.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Uncertainty in Economics and other Reflections

Krelle, W. E., & Shackle, G. L. S. (1957) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1905394 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Expectation in Economics.

Shackle, G. L. S. (1953) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217133 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Computer Diagnosis and Diagnostic Methods

Feinstein, A. R. (1973) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03220280056034 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Probability and Confirmation

Harré, R. (1970) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-81592-0_6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Confirmation

Salmon, W. C. (1973) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0573-75 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

The estimation of the implicit utilities of medical consultants

Card, W. I., & Good, I. J. (1970) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/0025-5564(70)90057-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Induction and Hypothesis, A Study in the Logic of Confirmation.

Salmon, W. C., & Barker, S. F. (1959) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2182171 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Syntax-directed concept analysis in the reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis

Ledley, R. S. (1973) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0010-4825(73)90054-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Two Measures of Evidential Strength

Törnebohm, H. (1966) · Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics · doi:10.1016/s0049-237x(08)71664-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Choosing Between Confirmation Theories

Swinburne, R. G. (1970) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/288329 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine

Holzinger, A., Langs, G., Denk, H., Zatloukal, K., & Müller, H. (2019) · WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1002/widm.1312 · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works

What do we need to build explainable AI systems for the medical domain?

Holzinger, A., Biemann, C., Pattichis, C. S., & Kell, D. B. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1712.09923 · Cited by 636 · see citing works

Generating Visual Explanations

Hendricks, L. A., Akata, Z., Rohrbach, M., Donahue, J., Schiele, B., & Darrell, T. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46493-0_1 · Cited by 534 · see citing works

Computer-based consultations in clinical therapeutics: Explanation and rule acquisition capabilities of the MYCIN system

Shortliffe, E. H., Davis, R., Axline, S. G., Buchanan, B. G., Green, C. C., & Cohen, S. N. (1975) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(75)90009-9 · Cited by 493 · see citing works

Multimodal Explanations: Justifying Decisions and Pointing to the Evidence

Park, D. H., Hendricks, L. A., Akata, Z., Rohrbach, A., Schiele, B., Darrell, T., & Rohrbach, M. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00915 · Cited by 418 · see citing works

How to Design AI for Social Good: Seven Essential Factors

Floridi, L., Cowls, J., King, T. C., & Taddeo, M. (2020) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-020-00213-5 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

The Probability Heuristics Model of Syllogistic Reasoning

Chater, N., & Oaksford, M. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0696 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

A systematic survey of computer-aided diagnosis in medicine: Past and present developments

Yanase, J., & Triantaphyllou, E. (2019) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112821 · Cited by 303 · see citing works

Grounding visual explanations

Hendricks, L. A., Hu, R., Darrell, T., & Akata, Z. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01216-8_17 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Beginnings of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM): Computational Artifice Assisting Scientific Inquiry and Clinical Art – with Reflections on Present AIM Challenges

Kulikowski, C. A. (2019) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677895 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Human-Centric Justification of Machine Learning Predictions

Biran, O., & McKeown, K. (2017) · Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/202 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

A review of medical artificial intelligence

Liu, R., Rong, Y., & Peng, Z. (2020) · Global Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.glohj.2020.04.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Flexible and Context-Specific AI Explainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Beaudouin, V., Bloch, I., Bounie, D., Clémençon, S., d'Alché-Buc, F., Eagan, J., Maxwell, W., Mozharovskyi, P., & Parekh, J. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3559477 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

A review of explainable artificial intelligence from the perspectives of challenges and opportunities

Kabir, S., Hossain, M. S., & Andersson, K. (2025) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a18090556 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Improving Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Early Pregnancy Using a Clinical Decision Support System; A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

Papandreou, P., Amerikanou, C., Vezou, C., Gioxari, A., Kaliora, A. C., & Skouroliakou, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020432 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Parthers Selection Model for Virtual Enterprises under the Conditions of Imperfect Information

Yang, L. (2005)

The use of imperfect data in managed care organizations.

Fetterolf, D. E. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

On the Power of Imperfect Information

Berwanger, D., & Doyen, L. (2008) · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) · doi:10.4230/lipics.fsttcs.2008.1742 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Optimal menu when agents make mistakes

Mikhalishchev, S. (2022) · Research in Economics · doi:10.1016/j.rie.2022.12.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

On one conflict control problem with imperfect delayed information

Красовский, А. Н., & Ladeyshchikov, A. N. (2014) · Automation and Remote Control · doi:10.1134/s0005117914100105