The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This model provides a comprehensive framework for capturing the complexity of human emotions using only three dimensional values, making it highly suitable for predicting player experiences in games.”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“The PAD model describes emotions along three continuous dimensions: Pleasure (P), Arousal (A), and Dominance (D).”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“Another popular approach is to place a particular emotion into a space having a limited set of dimensions [15], [16], [17]. These dimensions include valence (how pleasent or unpleasent a feeling is) activation2 (how likely is the person to take action under the emotional state) and control (the sense of control over the emotion).”
From Survey on RGB, 3D, Thermal, and Multimodal Approaches for Facial Expression Recognition: History, Trends, and Affect-Related Applications (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957) · Cited by 9,433
(1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,295
Self-citationConflict, arousal, and curiosity.
Berlyne, D. E. (1960) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11164-000 · Cited by 6,018
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Linear models in decision making.
Dawes, R. M., & Corrigan, B. (1974) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0037613 · Cited by 1,887
Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning
Carroll, J. B., Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., & Miron, M. S. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421762 · Cited by 1,154
Schlosberg, H. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054570 · Cited by 1,096
(2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76516-5_4 · Cited by 792
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Mehrabian, 1972, Nonverbal communication, Vol. 19
- Mehrabian, 1975, Environmental effects on affiliation among strangers, Humanitas, 11, 219
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,002
Managers' workplace attitudes, tolerance of ambiguity and firm performance
Katsaros, K. K., Tsirikas, A. N., & Nicolaidis, C. S. (2014) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-01-2013-0021 · Cited by 19
Hines, M., & Mehrabian, A. (1979) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.1979.7.2.223 · Cited by 19
Self-citationA collaborative personalized affective video retrieval system
Soleymani, M., Davis, J., & Pun, T. (2009) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2009.5349526 · Cited by 19
THE CONSTRUCT OF AROUSAL IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
Christ, W. G. (1985) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00061.x · Cited by 19
Affective appraisal of virtual environments
Houtkamp, J. M. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 19
Understanding the feeling of missing out: A temporal perspective
Hayran, C., & Gürhan‐Canlı, Z. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111307 · Cited by 18
Bai, S., Jiang, F., Li, Q., Yu, D., & Tan, Y. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20010030 · Cited by 20
Triantafyllopoulos, A., & Schuller, B. W. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414896 · Cited by 21
Empowering Emotion: The Driving Force of Share and Purchase Intentions in Viral Advertising
Wen, T. J., Choi, C., Wu, L., & Morris, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2021.1937408 · Cited by 18
The influence of visitor-based social contextual information on visitors’ museum experience
Yi, T., Lee, H.-Y., Yum, J., & Lee, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266856 · Cited by 18
Speech emotion recognition for the Urdu language
Zaheer, N., Ahmad, O. U., Shabbir, M., & Raza, A. A. (2022) · Language Resources and Evaluation · doi:10.1007/s10579-022-09610-7 · Cited by 18
Saha, O., Mahmud, M. S., Fattah, S. A., & Saquib, M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224725 · Cited by 18
Singh, N. K., Yu, J., Ariza‐Montes, A., & Han, H. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01527-y · Cited by 18
Emotion Detection From Micro-Blogs Using Novel Input Representation
Anzum, F., & Gavrilova, M. L. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3248506 · Cited by 18
Converging towards a French translation of soundscape attributes: Insights from Quebec and France
Tarlao, C., Aumond, P., Lavandier, C., & Guastavino, C. (2023) · Applied Acoustics · doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109572 · Cited by 18
Wang, Y., Wijenayake, S., Hoggenmüeller, M., Hespanhol, L., Worrall, S., & Tomitsch, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3604261 · Cited by 18
Collective Emotion: A Framework for Experimental Research
Chung, V., Grèzes, J., & Pacherie, É. (2023) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739231214533 · Cited by 19
Perceived Duration of Emotional Events: Evidence for a Positivity Effect in Older Adults
Nicol, J. R., Tanner, J., & Clarke, K. (2013) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2013.839307 · Cited by 18
Vrachimi‐Souroulla, A., Panteli, M., Robinson, J. D., & Panayiotou, G. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.11.007 · Cited by 18
Peñate, W. (2011) · Análisis y Modificación de Conducta · doi:10.33776/amc.v36i153-154.1058 · Cited by 18
The Besançon Affective Picture Set-Adolescents (the BAPS-Ado): Development and validation
Szymanska, M., Monnin, J., Noiret, N., Tio, G., Galdon, L., Laurent, É., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.055 · Cited by 19
Aesthetic Approaches to Human-Computer Interaction
Bertelsen, O. W., Petersen, M. G., & Pold, S. B. (2004) · DAIMI Report Series · doi:10.7146/dpb.v33i572.7129 · Cited by 18
Alcohol exposure therapy: generalisation and changes in responsivity
Staiger, P. K., Greeley, J. D., & Wallace, S. D. (1999) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00037-x · Cited by 18
Affivir: An affect-based Internet video recommendation system
Niu, J., Zhao, X., Zhu, L., & Li, H. (2013) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2012.07.050 · Cited by 18
Team Loving and Loathing: Emotional Determinants of Consumption in Collegiate Football
Taute, H. A., Sierra, J. J., & Heiser, R. S. (2010) · Journal of Intercollegiate Sport · doi:10.1123/jis.3.1.182 · Cited by 18
Singing Robots: How Embodiment Affects Emotional Responses to Non-Linguistic Utterances
Wolfe, H. E., Peljhan, M., & Visell, Y. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2017.2774815 · Cited by 18
Christ, W. G., & Biggers, T. (1984) · Western Journal of Speech Communication · doi:10.1080/10570318409374163 · Cited by 18
The company as a cognitive system of core competences and strategic business units
Hinterhuber, H. H., Friedrich, S. A., Handlbauer, G., & Stuhec, U. (1996) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1697(199607)5:4 · Cited by 18
Vrana, S. R., & Rollock, D. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223008 · Cited by 18
Følstad, A., Law, E. L.-C., & van As, N. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3690383 · Cited by 17
Ups and Downs: Emotional Dynamics in Negotiations and Their Effects on (In)Equity
Grießmair, M. (2017) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-017-9541-y · Cited by 17
FedEmo: A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Emotion Recognition using EEG Physiological Data
Anwar, M. A., Agrawal, M., Gahlan, N., Sethia, D., Singh, G. K., & Chaurasia, R. (2023) · International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS) · doi:10.1109/comsnets56262.2023.10041308 · Cited by 17
Exploring drivers of customer engagement with voice interface in E-retail
Gupta, A. S., & Mukherjee, J. (2025) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-08-2024-0390 · Cited by 18
Affective BICA: Challenges and open questions
Hudlická, E. (2013) · Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures · doi:10.1016/j.bica.2013.11.002 · Cited by 17
Perception of fluids with diverse rheology applied to the underarm versus forearm skin
Guest, S., Ma, A., Mehrabyan, A., Essick, G. K., Hopkinson, A., & McGlone, F. P. (2012) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.3109/08990220.2012.686937 · Cited by 17
Katsaros, K. K., & Nicolaidis, C. S. (2012) · The Psychologist-Manager Journal · doi:10.1080/10887156.2012.649991 · Cited by 17
Therapy language analysis using automatically generated psycholinguistic norms
Malandrakis, N., & Narayanan, S. S. (2015) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2015-430 · Cited by 17
A modelling framework for collaborative network emotions
Ferrada, F., & Camarinha-Matos, L. M. (2019) · Enterprise Information Systems · doi:10.1080/17517575.2019.1633583 · Cited by 18
Robots Expressing Dominance: Effects of Behaviours and Modulation
Peters, R., Broekens, J., Li, K., & Neerincx, M. A. (2019) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2019.8925500 · Cited by 17
Comparison of Spa Choice between Wellness Tourists and Healthcare/Medical Tourists
Borondo, J. P., Vila, N. A., & Brea, J. A. F. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040544 · Cited by 17
Pikoulis, I., Filntisis, P. P., & Maragos, P. A. (2021) · International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition · doi:10.1109/fg52635.2021.9666957 · Cited by 16
Svärd, J., Fischer, H., & Lundqvist, D. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00423 · Cited by 17
Influencing the Train Experience: Using a Successful Measurement Instrument
van Hagen, M., & Sauren, J. (2014) · Transportation research procedia · doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.07.026 · Cited by 17
Facial Expression Synthesis Based on Emotion Dimensions for Affective Talking Avatar
Zhang, S., Wu, Z., Meng, H. M. L., & Cai, L. (2010) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12604-8_6 · Cited by 18
Facial skin blood flow responses during exposures to emotionally charged movies
Matsukawa, K., Endo, K., Ishii, K., Ito, M., & Liang, N. (2017) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-017-0522-3 · Cited by 17
Aragón, O. R., & Bargh, J. A. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1301388 · Cited by 17
Feeling and feelings: Affective and perceptual dimensions of touched materials and their connection
Drewing, K., Weyel, C., Celebi, H., & Kaya, D. (2017) · IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC) · doi:10.1109/whc.2017.7989851 · Cited by 17
Coppin, G., Audrin, C., Monseau, C., & Deneulin, P. (2021) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110192 · Cited by 17
Cultural Representations in Web Design: Differences in Emotions and Values
Dormann, C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-84628-249-7_18 · Cited by 17
Anger in Intimate Relationships
Dutton, D. G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2_30 · Cited by 17
Environmental effects on drug use
Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01145827 · Cited by 17
Self-citationNews Framing Effects and Emotions
Schuck, A. R. T., & Feinholdt, A. (2015) · Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0241 · Cited by 17
On Incorporating Affective Support to an Intelligent Tutoring System: an Empirical Study
Cunha-Perez, C., Arevalillo-Herraez, M., Marco-Gimenez, L., & Arnau, D. (2018) · IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje · doi:10.1109/rita.2018.2831760 · Cited by 16
Temporal Factor-Aware Video Affective Analysis and Recommendation for Cyber-Based Social Media
Niu, J., Wang, S., Su, Y., & Guo, S. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing · doi:10.1109/tetc.2017.2705341 · Cited by 16
Kim, C. M., van der Heide, E. M., van Rompay, T. J. L., Verkerke, G. J., & Ludden, G. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26079 · Cited by 17
Alagarsamy, S., Mehrolia, S., & Vijay, M. (2021) · Journal of Facilities Management · doi:10.1108/jfm-02-2021-0027 · Cited by 21
Emotional Framing in the Spreading of False and True Claims
Hosseini, A. S., & Staab, S. (2023) · ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci) · doi:10.1145/3578503.3583611 · Cited by 21
Best Practices in the Creation and Use of Emotion Lexicons
Mohammad, S. M. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-eacl.136 · Cited by 22
Fiorini, L., D’Onofrio, G., Sorrentino, A., Loizzo, F. G. C., Russo, S., Ciccone, F., Giuliani, F., Sancarlo, D., & Cavallo, F. (2024) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/45494 · Cited by 16
Masmoudi, M., Zenati, N., Izountar, Y., Benbelkacem, S., Haicheur, W., Guerroudji, M. A., Oulefki, A., & Hamitouche, C. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-17980-5 · Cited by 16
Nandini, D., Yadav, J., Rani, A., & Singh, V. (2024) · Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transactions of Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40998-024-00710-4 · Cited by 16
Towards companion robots behaving with style
Johal, W., Pesty, S., & Calvary, G. (2014) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/roman.2014.6926393 · Cited by 16
Pössel, P., & Knopf, K. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20313 · Cited by 16
Emotions, Demographics and Sociability in Twitter Interactions
Lerman, K., Arora, M., Gallegos, L., Kumaraguru, P., & García, D. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14728 · Cited by 16
Emotional Processing in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Kemmis, L. K., Wanigaratne, S., & Ehntholt, K. A. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9727-6 · Cited by 16
Adding sensor-free intention-based affective support to an Intelligent Tutoring System
Arevalillo‐Herráez, M., Marco-Giménez, L., Arnau, D., & González‐Calero, J. A. (2017) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2017.06.024 · Cited by 15
Empathizing with emotional robot based on cognition reappraisal
Liu, X., Xie, L., & Wang, Z. (2017) · China Communications · doi:10.1109/cc.2017.8068769 · Cited by 16
Zelena, D., Menant, O., Andersson, F., & Chaillou, É. (2018) · Endocrine Regulations · doi:10.2478/enr-2018-0027 · Cited by 19
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Arousal-Valence Emotion Model and Deep Learning Method
Yang, Y., & Sun, Y. (2017) · International Conference on Computer Technology, Electronics and Communication (ICCTEC) · doi:10.1109/icctec.2017.00022 · Cited by 16
Scalable Deep Learning for Stress and Affect Detection on Resource-Constrained Devices
Ragav, A., Krishna, N. H., Narayanan, N., Thelly, K. J., & Vijayaraghavan, V. (2019) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · doi:10.1109/icmla.2019.00261 · Cited by 16
The decisive role of subordination in social hierarchy in weanling mice and young children
Chou, Y.-J., Lu, Y.-H., Ma, Y.-K., Su, Y.-S., & Kuo, T.-H. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102073 · Cited by 16
How to raise artwork prices using action rules, personalization and artwork visual features
Powell, L. B., Gelich, A., & Raś, Z. W. (2021) · Journal of Intelligent Information Systems · doi:10.1007/s10844-021-00660-x · Cited by 16
Privacy Aware Affective State Recognition From Visual Data
Zitouni, M. S., Lee, P., Lee, U., Hadjileontiadis, L. J., & Khandoker, A. H. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3165622 · Cited by 16
Are emotions consequences of affective expectations? A commentary essay
Desmet, P. (2009) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.09.006 · Cited by 16
Emotional connotations of words related to authority and community
Schauenburg, G., Ambrasat, J., Schröder, T., von Scheve, C., & Conrad, M. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0494-7 · Cited by 16
Individual differences in ability to encode complex affects.
Friedman, H., & Riggio, R. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00228-1 · Cited by 16
Wu, Z., Meng, H. M. L., Yang, H., & Cai, L. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2023161 · Cited by 16
Islam, M. R., Kauser, A. M., & Zibran, M. F. (2019) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/3297280.3297455 · Cited by 16
MANAGING THE CREATIVE EFFORT: PRE-PRODUCTION AND POST-PRODUCTION MEASURES OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSE 1
Morris, J. D., & Waine, C. (1993) · Cited by 16
“The most passionate cover I’ve seen”: emotional information in fan-created U2 music videos
Pennington, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-07-2015-0086 · Cited by 16
Subjective wellbeing as an affective construct
Davern, M. T. (2004) · Figshare · Cited by 16
Song, Y., Zhong, J., Jia, Z., & Liang, D. (2020) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106032 · Cited by 15
Buono, G. H., Crukley, J., Hornsby, B. W. Y., & Picou, E. M. (2020) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2020.108153 · Cited by 15
Family climate in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol
Iacopetti, C., Londi, I., Patussi, V., & Cosci, F. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2562 · Cited by 18
Ghosh, S. K., Ekbal, A., & Bhattacharyya, P. (2022) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103234 · Cited by 16
Christophers, L., Lee, C. T., & Rooney, B. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103027 · Cited by 19
Evaluating dynamics in affect structure with latent Markov factor analysis.
Vogelsmeier, L. V. D. E., Cloos, L., Kuppens, P., & Ceulemans, E. (2023) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001307 · Cited by 17
Liao, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, F., Xu, Z., Wu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106648 · Cited by 15
Nocera, A., Senigagliesi, L., Raimondi, M., Ciattaglia, G., & Gambi, E. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3482690 · Cited by 21
Emotion recognition from speech using prosodic features
Väyrynen, E. (2014) · Cited by 15
On the emotions associated with violations of three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity)
Kollareth, D., & Russell, J. A. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9611-0 · Cited by 15
Self-citationRincon, L., Coronado, E., Hendra, H., Phan, J., Zainalkefli, Z., & Venture, G. (2019) · International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research · doi:10.18178/ijmerr.8.2.207-219 · Cited by 15
Front View vs. Side View of Facial and Postural Expressions of Emotions in a Virtual Character
Courgeon, M., Clavel, C., Tan, N., & Martin, J. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22639-7_14 · Cited by 15
Emotion primitives estimation from EEG signals using Hilbert Huang Transform
Uzun, S. S., Yildirim, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2012) · IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...) · doi:10.1109/bhi.2012.6211551 · Cited by 15
Real-time emotion identification for socially intelligent robots
Alazrai, R., & Lee, C. S. G. (2012) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra.2012.6224587 · Cited by 16
The Role of the Senses in Emotion
Rouby, C., Fournel, A., & Bensafi, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00003-5 · Cited by 16
Human Emotional Behavior Simulation in Intelligent Agents: Processes and Architecture
Pudāne, M., Lavendelis, E., & Radin, M. A. (2017) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2017.01.167 · Cited by 15
Compositionality in the language of emotion
Cavicchio, F., Dachkovsky, S., Leemor, L., Shamay‐Tsoory, S., & Sandler, W. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201970 · Cited by 15
Chun, H. H., Park, J., & Thomas, M. (2019) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/702622 · Cited by 15
Temporal Organization of Eating in Low- and High- Saccharin-Consuming Rats
Dess, N. K., Richard, J. M., Severe, S. F., & Chapman, C. D. (2007) · International Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.46867/ijcp.2007.20.04.04 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, James A
- ORCID
- Russell, James A
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-294
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003653478
- Cited by
- 1,940
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 169 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 22.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Keywords
- arousal, emotional state, acquiescence bias, semantic differential, definition of emotion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review