The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Allostasis, amygdala, and anticipatory angst
Abstract
Regions of the amygdala are involved in anticipation of negative events. Chronic anticipation of negative events leads to what we call allostatic load, or arousal pathology. Two hormones appear to be involved in arousal pathology; corticotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and glucocorticoids. We suggest that increases in corticotropin-releasing hormone, by stress or glucocorticoids, in the amygdala may have functional consequences for allostatic load. Whereas, corticotropin-releasing hormone in the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is decreased by glucocorticoids thereby under negative feedback and homeostatic control, the central nucleus of the amygdala is to some extent under positive feedback and is increased by glucocorticoids, and perhaps under allostatic control. The human and animal literature suggest that a variety of psychopathologies (e.g., melancholia) may be tied to neurohormonal signals activating regions of the amygdala.
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“Indeed, it has been proposed that, when a stressful situation is anticipated, individuals make behavioral, cognitive, and physiological adjustments that facilitate the process of coping with the upcoming stressor (Pulopulos et al., 2018a;Schulkin, 2011;Schulkin et al., 1994;Turan et al., 2015).”
From Cortisol Response to Stress: The Role of Expectancy and Anticipatory Stress Regulation (2020) · cites this paper as Schulkin et al., 1994
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schulkin, J., McEwen, B. S., & Gold, P. W.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schulkin, Jay
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 385-396
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974467694
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- allostasis, allostatic load, amygdala, anticipatory anxiety, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoids, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, central amygdala, negative feedback, positive feedback, stress, melancholia, psychopathology, neuroendocrine regulation
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Homeostasis, Humans
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