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Puberty onset of gender differences in rates of depression: a developmental, epidemiologic and neuroendocrine perspective
Abstract
A dramatic feature of the epidemiology of depression is the appearance of a 2:1 female excess of depression during adolescence. In childhood, rates of depression either do not differ between boys and girls or show a slight excess in boys. In this paper we review a number of lines of evidence that implicate the physical and hormonal developments of puberty in this change. We also argue that the analysis of pubertal change in the etiology of depression must take into account the fact that the causation of depression is almost certainly a complex process. In understanding such a process we suggest that developmental epidemiological studies will be of particular value.
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“During adolescence, the frequency of depressive episodes is temporarily increased in boys and especially in girls (91–93).”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [91]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Angold, A.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Angold, A
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 145-158
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139195196
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- puberty, gender differences, adolescent depression, neuroendocrine development, developmental epidemiology, etiology of depression, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Development, Psychophysiology, Puberty, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sexual Maturation, United States, Incidence
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