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Cited by 626Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessMental Health Research Topics

Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents: empirical, theoretical, and methodological issues

Adrian C. Angold, E. Jane Costello·1993·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/ajp.150.12.1779
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine comorbidity in the context of child and adolescent depression. METHOD: The authors reviewed recent epidemiological studies using standardized interviews and DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: There was a high rate of comorbidity in children and adolescents with major depressive disorders or dysthymia. Comorbidity with conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder ranged from 21% to 83%; comorbidity with anxiety disorder ranged from 30% to 75%; and comorbidity with attention deficit disorder ranged from 0% to 57.1%. Rates of depressive comorbidity found in community studies were similar to the rates found in clinical studies. In almost all cases, the disorders were more common in depressed children than expected by chance, and the rates of other disorders in depressed children were higher than the rates of depression in those with depression. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanisms by which comorbidity occurs are obscure at present. Several possibilities and their implications for nosology, epidemiology, and treatment research are discussed.

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Authors
Angold, A. C., & Costello, E. J.
Affiliations
Duke Medical Center (US)
ORCID
E. Jane Costello
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
1993-12-01
Volume
150
Issue
12
Pages
1779-1791
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/ajp.150.12.1779
OpenAlex
W1708017765
Cited by
626
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 27
FWCI
20.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh046323-03, 5r01mh045244-03)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH MH-46323, NIMH MH-45244)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords
comorbid depression, child and adolescent depression, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorders, attention deficit disorder, disease classification, epidemiology of depression
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Terminology as Topic, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Comorbidity, Prevalence

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