The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Age-related spatial reference and working memory deficits assessed in the water maze
Open accessAbstract
Aged rats have spatial memory deficits relative to young rats. The extent of these deficits in intermediate-aged rats is not well established. The present study examined the pattern of age-related changes in spatial reference and working memory in four ages of Fischer-344 rats. Place discrimination (PD) in the Morris water maze measured spatial reference memory. Repeated acquisition (RA), a discrimination in which the escape platform location varied from session to session, measured spatial working memory. Fischer-344 rats, 4 months, 11 months, 17 months, and 24 months of age, were tested. Compared to 4-month-olds, 24-month-olds were significantly impaired on all six PD measures of performance, 17 months were significantly impaired on five PD measures, and 11 months were significantly impaired on only one PD measure. Only 24-month-olds had a significant working memory impairment in RA relative to 4 months. Reference and working memory measures were distinct as assessed by a principal components analysis. The results indicate a nonlinear age-related spatial memory decline in Fischer-344 rats from 4 to 24 months of age.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat
Morris, R. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4 · Cited by 7,180
Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., & O'Keefe, J. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297681a0 · Cited by 6,340
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
Green, P. E., Winer, B. J., Brown, D. R., & Michels, K. M. (1992) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172747 · Cited by 4,333
Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues
Morris, R. G. M. (1981) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(81)90020-5 · Cited by 2,699
Memory deficits associated with senescence: A neurophysiological and behavioral study in the rat.
Barnes, C. A. (1979) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077579 · Cited by 2,088
Hippocampus, space, and memory
Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T., & Handelmann, G. E. (1979) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00062713 · Cited by 2,018
Self-citationSpatial memory and hippocampal function
Olton, D. S., & Paras, B. C. (1979) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(79)90042-3 · Cited by 936
Self-citationGallagher, M., Burwell, R., & Burchinal, M. (2015) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000080 · Cited by 858
Cited by
Impact of aging on hippocampal function: plasticity, network dynamics, and cognition
Rosenzweig, E. S., & Barnes, C. A. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00126-0 · Cited by 733
Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Jankowsky, J. L., Melnikova, T., Fadale, D. J., Xu, G. M., Slunt, H. H., Gonzales, V., Younkin, L. H., Younkin, S. G., Borchelt, D. R., & Savonenko, A. V. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5080-04.2005 · Cited by 517
Lester, A. W., Moffat, S. D., Wiener, J. M., Barnes, C. A., & Wolbers, T. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.037 · Cited by 391
Memory retention is modulated by acute estradiol and progesterone replacement.
Sandstrom, N. J., & Williams, C. L. (2001) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.115.2.384 · Cited by 306
Insulin-like growth factor-1 ameliorates age-related behavioral deficits
Markowska, A. L., Mooney, M., & Sonntag, W. E. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00143-2 · Cited by 270
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Frick, K. M., Baxter, M. G., Markowska, A. L., Olton, D. S., & Price, D. L.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-160
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006107691
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Age-related spatial reference and working memory deficits assessed in the water maze. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0197-4580(94)00155-3
- The paper
- Frick, K. M., Baxter, M. G., Markowska, A. L., Olton, D. S., & Price, D. L. (1995). Age-related spatial reference and working memory deficits assessed in the water maze. Neurobiology of Aging. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(94)00155-3
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
