Hippocampus, space, and memory

Olton, David S.; Becker, James T.; Handelmann, Gail E.

doi:10.1017/s0140525x00062713

Cited by 2,018Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesSpatial Cognition and Navigation

Hippocampus, space, and memory

Olton, David S., Becker, James T., Handelmann, Gail E.·1979·Behavioral and Brain Sciences

DOI 10.1017/s0140525x00062713

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Abstract

We examine two different descriptions of the behavioral functions of the hippocampal system. One emphasizes spatially organized behaviors, especially those using cognitive maps. The other emphasizes memory, particularly working memory, a short-term memory that requires iexible stimulus-response associations and is highly susceptible to interference. The predictive value of the spatial and memory descriptions were evaluated by testing rats with damage to the hippocampal system in a series of experiments, independently manipulating the spatial and memory characteristics of a behavioral task. No dissociations were found when the spatial characteristics of the stimuli to be remembered were changed; lesions produced a similar deficit in both spatial and nonspatial test procedures, indicating that the hippocampus was similarly involved regardless of the spatial nature of the task. In contrast, a marked dissociation was found when the memory requirements were altered. Rats with lesions were able to perform accurately in tasks that could be solved exclusively on the basis of reference memory. They performed at chance levels and showed no signs of recovery even with extensive postoperative training in tasks that required working memory. In one experiment all the characteristics of the reference memory and working memory procedures were identical except the type of memory required. Consequently, the behavioral dissociation cannot be explained by differences in attention, motivation, response inhibition, or the type of stimuli to be remembered. As a result of these experiments we propose that the hippocampus is selectively involved in behaviors that require working memory, irrespective of the type of material (spatial or nonspatial) that is to be processed by that memory.

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Unlike stress, hippocampal lesion or inactivation produces a general impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats.
“Empirical support for this idea is the finding that, unlike stress, hippocampal lesion or inactivation produces a general impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats (O'Keefe and Nadel [278]; Olton et al. [279]; Steele and Morris [280]; Diamond et al. [52]; Morris et al. [281]; Nakazawa et al. [282]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Olton et al. [279]

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Authors: Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T., & Handelmann, G. E.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Becker, James T.
Venue: Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1979-09
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 313-322
ISSN: 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
1469-1825
DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00062713
OpenAlex: W2033319161
Cited by: 2,018
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 34.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 11583 d)
Locations: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
Keywords: hippocampus, working memory, reference memory, spatial memory, cognitive maps, hippocampal lesions, rats, spatial behavior

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Hippocampus, space, and memory

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