Psychological distress associated with interpersonal violence: A meta-analysis

Weaver, Terri L.; Clum, George A.

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(95)00004-9

Cited by 201Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Psychological distress associated with interpersonal violence: A meta-analysis

Weaver, Terri L., Clum, George A.·1995·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(95)00004-9

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An earlier meta-analysis of interpersonal violence and distress found no evidence that validity indicators were related to effect size.
“Although a past meta-analysis on the relationship between interpersonal violence and distress did not find evidence that indicators of validity were associated with the magnitude of observed effects (Weaver & Clum, 1995)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
In a meta-analysis of distress and interpersonal violence, longer time since the stressor was linked to smaller effect sizes.
“In a meta-analysis of the association between distress and interpersonal violence, time since stressor was negatively associated with effect sizes (Weaver & Clum, 1995)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
One meta-analysis found that a higher proportion of women in the sample was linked to a stronger relationship between interpersonal victimization and psychological distress.
“One meta-analysis found that the percentage of women in the sample was positively associated with the magnitude of the relationship between interpersonal victimization and psychological distress (Weaver & Clum, 1995)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
An earlier meta-analysis found no difference in distress between SA and other interpersonal trauma types, but it did not compare SA with non-interpersonal traumas.
“An earlier meta-analysis on psychological distress related to interpersonal violence found no difference between SA and other interpersonal trauma types in terms of their level of distress (Weaver & Clum, 1995), but did not compare SA to non-interpersonal traumas.”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
Interpersonal violence does not always lead to psychopathology.
“Interpersonal violence does not inevitably lead to psychopathology (Weaver & Clum, 1995)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995

The most similar earlier quantitative analysis assessed dysfunction broadly, not psychopathology specifically.
“First, the most thematically similar quantitative analysis (Weaver & Clum, 1995) assessed dysfunction broadly (e.g., including problems in living) rather than psychopathology specifically.”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
A past meta-analysis on interpersonal violence and distress did not find evidence that validity indicators were associated with effects, but it was not limited to diagnostic constructs.
“While a past meta-analysis on the relationship between interpersonal violence and distress did not find evidence that indicators of validity were associated with effects, this prior analysis was not limited to diagnostic constructs (Weaver & Clum, 1995).”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
A meta-analysis identified gender differences in the impact of interpersonal violence on distress, but its study population lacked representation from men and contained no men-only samples, which could have underestimated the impact of SA on men.
“A meta-analysis identified gender differences in the impact of interpersonal violence on distress (Weaver & Clum, 1995), but this previous analysis’s study population lacked representation from men and contained no men-only samples, which could have underestimated the impact of SA on men.”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
Past reviews suggest that the impact of interpersonal violence broadly on distress decreases over time, as does the impact of intimate partner violence on depression.
“past reviews suggest that the impact of interpersonal violence broadly on distress appears to decrease over time (Weaver & Clum, 1995), as does the impact of intimate partner violence on depression (Golding, 1999).”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995
A prior meta-analysis of 38 studies estimated an average effect size of r=.21 (roughly g=.43) for the association between adult SA and distress.
“The only prior meta-analysis to examine the association between adult SA and distress (broadly defined to include both psychopathology and distress across domains of life functioning) across 38 studies estimated an average effect size of r = .21 (Weaver & Clum, 1995), which is roughly equivalent to g = .43.”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Weaver & Clum, 1995

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Authors: Weaver, T. L., & Clum, G. A.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Virginia Tech (US)
Corresponding author: Weaver, Terri L.
ORCID: Weaver, Terri L.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: 115-140
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(95)00004-9
OpenAlex: W2032258746
Cited by: 200
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: psychological distress, interpersonal violence, child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, rape, assault, domestic violence, partner abuse, self-blame, perceived life threat, stress appraisal, personal injury, weapon use, victimization

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