Catastrophizing, rumination, and reappraisal prospectively predict adolescent PTSD symptom onset following a terrorist attack: Jenness et al.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Disruptions in emotion regulation are a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. However, scant research has examined whether emotion regulation strategies are related to the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among youths exposed to trauma. We investigated whether pretrauma emotion regulation strategies prospectively predicted PTSD symptom onset after the 2013 Boston Marathon terrorist attack among adolescents and whether these associations were moderated by the degree of exposure to media coverage of the attack. METHODS: A sample of 78 Boston-area adolescents (mean age = 16.72 years, 65% female) who previously participated in studies assessing emotion regulation and psychopathology were recruited following the terrorist attack. Within 4 weeks of the attack, we assessed self-reported PTSD symptoms and attack-related media exposure via an online survey. We examined the association of pretrauma emotion regulation strategies with PTSD symptom onset after adjustment for pretrauma internalizing symptoms and violence exposure. RESULTS: Greater pretrauma engagement in rumination predicted onset of PTSD symptoms following the attack. Adolescents who engaged in catastrophizing also had greater PTSD symptoms postattack, but only when exposed to high levels of media coverage of the attacks; the same pattern was observed for adolescents who engaged in low levels of cognitive reappraisal. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in specific emotion regulation strategies prior to a traumatic event predicts the onset of PTSD symptoms among youths exposed to trauma, extending transdiagnostic models of emotion regulation to encompass trauma-related psychopathology in children and adolescents.
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A large body of previous research has established an association between media exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress related to various life-threatening stressors.
“A large body of previous research has convincingly established the association between media exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress related to various life-threatening stressors, such as war conflicts [9,10], terrorism and other acts of mass violence [11-15], natural disasters [16,17], and recently also the COVID-19 pandemic”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Jenness, J. L., Jager-Hyman, S., Heleniak, C., Beck, A. T., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jenness, Jessica L.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-24
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1039-1047
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5325818
- OpenAlex
- W2514827955
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 8.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD057822)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01-MH092526, R01-MH103291, R01-MH106482, F31-MH108245, R01-MH 086572, and R21-MH 109878)
- Doris Duke Fellowship
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, adolescents, emotion regulation, catastrophizing, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, transdiagnostic model, terrorist attacks, Boston Marathon bombing, media exposure, trauma exposure, internalizing problems, violence exposure
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