The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calibration of radiocarbon results pertaining to related archaeological events
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Integrity signals
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“multiple measurements on the same sample are naturally scattered over a range of values (see Ward and Wilson 1978; Buck 1991).”
From Radiocarbon dating and the Naqada relative chronology (2014) · cites this paper as Buck 1991
In the citing paper
“raw 14 C dates are estimates of the mean of a Normally distributed random variable.”
From Radiocarbon dating and the Naqada relative chronology (2014) · cites this paper as Buck 1991
In the citing paper
“Large datasets covering long, continuous stratigraphic sequences are best able to contribute to chronological debates, since prior knowledge of relative order can be used to constrain the radiocarbon probabilities using Bayesian statistics [116–118].”
From The chronology of Gezer from the end of the late bronze age to iron age II: A meeting point for radiocarbon, archaeology egyptology and the Bible (2023) · cites this paper as [117]
Citations
Cites
Stochastic relaxation, gibbs distributions, and the bayesian restoration of images.
Geman, S., & Geman, D. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.1984.4767596 · Cited by 17,949
Sampling-based approaches to calculating marginal densities
Gelfand, A. E., & Smith, A. F. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1990.10476213 · Cited by 6,606
Self-citationSampling-Based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities
Gelfand, A. E., & Smith, A. F. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289776 · Cited by 1,531
Self-citationIllustration of Bayesian Inference in Normal Data Models Using Gibbs Sampling
Gelfand, A. E., Hills, S. E., Racine-Poon, A., & Smith, A. F. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1990.10474968 · Cited by 970
Self-citationPROCEDURES FOR COMPARING AND COMBINING RADIOCARBON AGE DETERMINATIONS: A CRITIQUE
WARD, G. K., & WILSON, S. R. (1978) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1978.tb00208.x · Cited by 946
A Computer Program for Radiocarbon Age Calibration
Stuiver, M., & Reimer, P. J. (1986) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200060276 · Cited by 684
High-Precision Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, AD 1950–500 BC
Stuiver, M., & Pearson, G. W. (1986) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200060161 · Cited by 655
Applications of a Method for the Efficient Computation of Posterior Distributions
Naylor, J. C., & Smith, A. F. M. (1982) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2347995 · Cited by 396
Self-citationCombining archaeological and radiocarbon information: a Bayesian approach to calibration.
Buck, C. E., Kenworthy, J. B., Litton, C. D., & Smith, A. F. M. (1991) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00080534 · Cited by 296
Self-citationHigh-Precision Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, 500–2500 bc
Pearson, G. W., & Stuiver, M. (1986) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200060173 · Cited by 217
Dent, R. J., & Orton, C. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288453 · Cited by 170
Illustration of Bayesian Inference in Normal Data Models Using Gibbs Sampling
Gelfand, A. E., Hills, S. E., Racine-Poon, A., & Smith, A. F. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289594 · Cited by 146
Self-citationDanebury: An Iron Age Hillfort in Hampshire
Stead, I. M., & Cunliffe, B. W. (1986) · Britannia · doi:10.2307/526567 · Cited by 126
The implementation of the bayesian paradigm
Smith, A. F. M., Skene, A. M., Shaw, J. E. H., Naylor, J. C., & Dransfield, M. T. (1985) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/03610928508828963 · Cited by 107
Self-citationComputer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1990
Lockyear, K., Rahtz, S., Orton, C., Reilly, P., Lock, G., Richards, J. D., & Ryan, N. (1991) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.30861/9780860547136 · Cited by 94
Progress with Numerical and Graphical Methods for Practical Bayesian Statistics
Smith, A. F. M., Skene, A. M., Shaw, J. E. H., & Naylor, J. C. (1987) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348499 · Cited by 85
Self-citationAn Archaeological Inference Problem
Naylor, J. C., & Smith, A. F. M. (1988) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478638 · Cited by 46
Self-citationAitchison, T. C., Ottaway, B. S., & Al-Ruzaiza, A. S. (1991) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00079345 · Cited by 25
An Archaelogical Inference Problem
Naylor, J. C., & Smith, A. F. M. (1988) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289281 · Cited by 11
Self-citationDanebury: an Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire
Cunliffe, B., & Poole, C. (2002) · Archaeology Data Service · doi:10.5284/1081662 · Cited by 10
Some Statistical Problems Arising in Radiocarbon Calibration
Rahtz, S. (1991) · Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen · doi:10.15496/publikation-2710 · Cited by 10
A Statistical Technique for Integrating C-14 Dates with Other Forms of Dating Evidence
Haigh, J. B. G. (1983) · Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen · doi:10.15496/publikation-2848 · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates
Bronk Ramsey, C. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033865 · Cited by 8,725
Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program
Bronk Ramsey, C. (1995) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200030903 · Cited by 2,409
Development of the Radiocarbon Calibration Program
Ramsey, C. B. (2001) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200038212 · Cited by 2,021
Deposition models for chronological records
Ramsey, C. B. (2008) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.019 · Cited by 1,813
Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal
Ramsey, C. B., & Lee, S. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200057878 · Cited by 1,505
Metadata
- Authors
- Buck, C. E., Litton, C. D., & Smith, A. F. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Buck, C.E.
- Venue
- Journal of Archaeological Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 497-512
- ISSN
- 0305-4403 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060757996
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Archaeological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- radiocarbon calibration, Bayesian analysis, calendar dating, radiocarbon dating, archaeological excavation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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