A natural measure on the set of all universes
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Gibbons, Hawking and Stewart showed that there is a unique measure on the space of physical trajectories satisfying reasonable constraints: it is positive, independent of coordinate choices, respects the symmetries of the theory, and does not require additional structures.
“Gibbons, Hawking and Stewart (GHS, [63]) showed that there is nevertheless a unique measure satisfying a small number of reasonable constraints: it is positive, independent of coordinate choices, respects the symmetries of the theory, and does not require the introduction of any additional structures.”
From In What Sense Is the Early Universe Fine-Tuned? (2014) · cites this paper as [63]
Cites
Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics
Arnol'd, V. I. (1978) · Graduate texts in mathematics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1693-1 · Cited by 5,169 · see citing works
Linde, A. D. (1983) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90837-7 · Cited by 3,299 · see citing works
Bulmer, M. G. (1965) · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Inflationary stages in cosmological models with a scalar field
Belinsky, V., Грищук, Л. П., Khalatnikov, I. M., & Zel’dovich, Y. B. (1985) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)90644-6 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
A fractal set of perpetually bouncing universe?
Page, D. N. (1984) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/1/4/015 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Beaumont, G. P., & Bulmer, M. G. (1966) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2343516 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Willmore, T. J., & Hitchin, N. J. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Inflation in universes with a massive scalar field
Piran, T., & Williams, R. M. (1985) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)90291-6 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loop quantum cosmology: a status report
Ashtekar, A., & Singh, P. (2011) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/28/21/213001 · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
Li, M., Li, X.-D., Wang, S., & Wang, Y. (2011) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/56/3/24 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Wave packets in minisuperspace
Kiefer, C. (1988) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.38.1761 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Gibbons, G. W. (2003) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/20/12/301 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationEllis, G., & van Elst, H. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4455-1_1 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
(2008) · doi:10.1103/physrevd.77.063516 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, M., Li, X.-D., Wang, S., & Wang, Y. (2013) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-013-0300-5 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Grishchuk, L. P. (1993) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/10/12/006 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Probability of inflation in loop quantum cosmology
Ashtekar, A., & Sloan, D. (2011) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-011-1246-y · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Unitarity approach to quantum cosmology
Barvinsky, A. O. (1993) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(93)90032-9 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
Calzetta, E., & Hu, B. L. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009290036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Inflation, Cosmic Perturbations and Non-Gaussianities
Wang, Y. (2014) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/62/1/19 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Loop quantum cosmology and slow roll inflation
Ashtekar, A., & Sloan, D. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.058 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology
Earman, J., & Mosterín, J. (1999) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/392675 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Robustness of inflation to inhomogeneous initial conditions
Clough, K., Lim, E. A., DiNunno, B. S., Fischler, W., Flauger, R., & Paban, S. (2017) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/09/025 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The entropy and stability of the universe
Gibbons, G. W. (1987) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(87)90670-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationHawking, S. W., & Page, D. N. (1988) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(88)90008-9 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationInflationary Theory and Alternative Cosmology
Kofman, L., Linde, A., & Mukhanov, V. (2002) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/10/057 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Measure and probability in cosmology
Schiffrin, J., & Wald, R. M. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.023521 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Assessing the scientific status of inflation after Planck
Chowdhury, D., Martin, J., Ringeval, C., & Vennin, V. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.083537 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Measure problem in slow roll inflation and loop quantum cosmology
Corichi, A., & Karami, A. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.104006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Scalar field cosmologies and the initial spacetime singularity
Foster, S. (1998) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/15/11/014 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cosmic Confusions: Not Supporting versus Supporting Not*
Norton, J. (2010) · Philosophia Scientiæ · doi:10.1086/661504 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Attractor solutions in scalar-field cosmology
Remmen, G. N., & Carroll, S. M. (2013) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.083518 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Coles, P., & Ellis, G. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370609a0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
In What Sense Is the Early Universe Fine-Tuned?
Carroll, S. M. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1406.3057 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“) In the case of general relativity, Gibbons, Hawking and Stewart (GHS, [63]) showed that there is nevertheless a unique measure satisfying a small number of reasonable constraints: it is positive, independent of coordinate choices, respects the symmetries of the theory, and does not require the introduction of any ad…”
BackgroundHow many e -folds should we expect from high-scale inflation?
Remmen, G. N., & Carroll, S. M. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.063517 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Quantum cosmology and open universes
Coule, D. H., & Martin, J. (2000) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.61.063501 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
2 Quantum Cosmology: Effective TheoryPreprint
Martin Bojowald, A. (2016) · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Quantum cosmology: effective theory
Bojowald, M. (2012) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/29/21/213001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Robustness of inflation to large tensor perturbations
Clough, K., Flauger, R., & Lim, E. A. (2018) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2018/05/065 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Townsend, P., & Wohlfarth, M. N. R. (2004) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/23/006 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Susskind's Challenge to the Hartle-Hawking No-Boundary Proposal and Possible ResolutionsPreprint
Page, D. N. (2006) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Does inflation solve the hot big bang model׳s fine-tuning problems?
McCoy, C. D. (2015) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2015.06.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
83 years of general relativity and cosmology: progress and problems
Ellis, G. (1999) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/12a/303 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The effects of potential shape on inhomogeneous inflation
Aurrekoetxea, J. C., Clough, K., Flauger, R., & Lim, E. A. (2020) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/05/030 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Inflationary attractors and their measures
Corichi, A., & Sloan, D. (2014) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/6/062001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Testable solution of the cosmological constant and coincidence problems
Shaw, D. J., & Barrow, J. D. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.043518 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Inflation in a renormalizable cosmological model and the cosmic no-hair conjecture
Maeda, K.-I., Stein‐Schabes, J. A., & Futamase, T. (1989) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.39.2848 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Scalar Field Cosmologies and the Initial Space-Time Singularity
Foster, S. (1998) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Emergent semiclassical time in quantum gravity: I. Mechanical models
Anderson, E. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/11/011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
What is a typical wave function for the universe?
Gibbons, G. W., & Грищук, Л. П. (1989) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(89)90405-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes inflation necessarily imply Ω=1?
Ellis, G. (1988) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/5/6/010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
An alternative way to inflation and the possibility of anti-inflation
Altshuler, B. L. (1990) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/7/2/012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Susskind’s challenge to the Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal and possible resolutions
Page, D. N. (2007) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/01/004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Agullo, I., & Corichi, A. (2014) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41992-8_39 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Onset of inflation in loop quantum cosmology
Germani, C., Nelson, W., & Sakellariadou, M. (2007) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.76.043529 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
A no-hair theorem for R2 models
Mijić, M., & Stein‐Schabes, J. A. (1988) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)90182-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Page, D. N. (1987) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.36.1607 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
EMERGENT SEMICLASSICAL TIME IN QUANTUM GRAVITY. I. MECHANICAL MODELS.Preprint
Anderson, E. J. (2006) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Canonical measure and the flatness of a FRW universe
Coule, D. H. (1995) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/12/2/015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Friederich, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108765947 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
QUANTUM COSMOLOGICAL METROLAND MODELPreprint
Anderson, E. J., Franzen, A. T., Physics, T., & ElemPart, S. S. T. C. A. (2010) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The large scale cosmic microwave background cut-off and the tensor-to-scalar ratio
Nicholson, G., & Contaldi, C. (2008) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/01/002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Initial conditions for noncanonical inflation
Franche, P., Rhiannon Gwyn, C., Underwood, B., & Wissanji, A. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.063528 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Should We Care about Fine-Tuning?
Koperski, J. (2005) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axi118 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Anderson, E. J. (2009) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271809014686 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Initial conditions for vector inflation
Chiba, T. (2008) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
New Difficulties for the Past Hypothesis
Gryb, S. (2020) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/712879 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Loop quantum cosmology: The horizon problem and the probability of inflation
Chen, L., & Zhu, J.-Y. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.084063 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Predictability crisis in early universe cosmology
Smeenk, C. (2014) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.11.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
On the beginning and the end of classical evolution in quantum cosmology
Грищук, Л. П., & Rozhansky, L. V. (1988) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)90631-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Scale invariance via a phase of slow expansion
Joyce, A., & Khoury, J. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.84.023508 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Agulló, I., & Corichi, A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46035-1_39 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Perturbative quantum cosmology: The probability measure on superspace and semiclassical expansion
Barvinsky, A. O. (1989) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(89)90504-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Does the Hartle-Hawking wavefunction predict the universe we live in?
Грищук, Л. П., & Rozhansky, L. V. (1990) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91992-k · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Anderson, E. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/11/012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sloan, D. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.043524 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
B, S. G. A., & Sloan, D. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03443-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Initial conditions and sampling for multifield inflation
Easther, R., & Price, L. C. (2013) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/027 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Finite measure for the initial conditions of inflation
Finn, K., & Karamitsos, S. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.99.063515 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kantowski-Sachs universes and the cosmic no-hair conjecture
Moniz, P. V. (1993) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.47.4315 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Entropy and the Typicality of Universes
Barbour, J., Koslowski, T., & Mercati, F. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1507.06498 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Herglotz action for homogeneous cosmologies
Sloan, D. (2023) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/accef6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Attractors, universality, and inflation
Downes, S., Dutta, B., & Sinha, K. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.103509 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Warm bounce in loop quantum cosmology and the prediction for the duration of inflation
Barboza, L. N., Graef, L. L., & Ramos, R. O. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.103521 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fine-tuning criteria for inflation and the search for primordial gravitational waves
Bird, S., Peiris, H. V., & Easther, R. (2008) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.083518 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ashtekar, A., Alimi, J., & Fuözfa, A. (2010) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.3462605 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Brane inflation and the overshoot problem
Bird, S., Peiris, H. V., & Baumann, D. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.023534 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A probability measure for FLRW models
Kirchner, U., & Ellis, G. F. R. (2003) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/20/6/311 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Measure, Topology and Probabilistic Reasoning in CosmologyPreprint
Curiel, E. (2015) · PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1509.01878 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Statistical properties of cosmological billiards
Damour, T., & Lecian, O. M. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.044038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Minimal coupling and attractors
Sloan, D. (2014) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/24/245015 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hassan, S. M., Husain, V., & Seahra, S. S. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.065006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Probability of inflation in loop quantum cosmology
Bedić, S., & VERESHCHAGIN, G. V. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.99.043512 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Relativistic Cosmology 1999: Issues and Problems
Ellis, G. (2000) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1023/a:1001934013797 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Measure for the Multiverse and the Probability for InflationPreprint
Li, M., & Wang, Y. (2013) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Symmetric-bounce quantum state of the universe
Page, D. N. (2009) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2009/09/026 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Probability of Bianchi type-I inflation
Chmielowski, P., & Page, D. N. (1988) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.38.2392 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Quantum cosmological approach to the cosmic no-hair conjecture in the Bianchi type-IX spacetime
Yokoyama, J., & Maeda, K.-I. (1990) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.41.1047 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gibbons, G. W., Gielen, S., Pope, C. N., & Turok, N. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.013009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationRobustness of inflation to kinetic inhomogeneities
Elley, M., Aurrekoetxea, J. C., Clough, K., Flauger, R., Giannadakis, P., & Lim, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/050 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The origin of double inflation
Müller, V., & Schmidt, H. (1989) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/bf00904499 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Last stand of single small field inflation
Bramante, J., Lehman, L., Martin, A., & Downes, S. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.023530 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Isotropization by scalar field driven inflation and the cosmological quantum boundary
Lukash, V. N., & Schmidt, H. (1988) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/asna.2113090105 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Relativistie Cosmology With Quantum Corrections
Müller, V., & Schmidt, H. (1991) · Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics · doi:10.1002/prop.2190390403 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The implementation, interpretation, and justification of likelihoods in cosmology
McCoy, C. D. (2017) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2017.05.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Large and small field inflation from hyperbolic sigma models
Schimmrigk, R. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.063541 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Quantum cosmological metroland model
Anderson, E., & Franzen, A. T. (2010) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/27/4/045009 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
No-bang quantum state of the cosmos
Page, D. N. (2008) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/25/15/154011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gibbons, G. W., Hawking, S. W., & Stewart, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Venue
- Nuclear Physics B
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-02
- Volume
- 281
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 736-751
- ISSN
- 0550-3213 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993745521
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 14.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nuclear Physics B (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
- Keywords
- Hamiltonian systems, Friedmann models, massive scalar field, cosmic inflation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
