The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personal networks and firm competitive strategy—A strategic or coincidental match?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“i) The nature of network configuration and its utility for innovation and competitiveness depends on the strategic requirements of individual firms (Ostgaard and Birley, 1994;Koch, 2003).”
From Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence (2004) · cites this paper as Ostgaard and Birley, 1994
Citations
Cites
Granovetter, M. S. (1973) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225469 · Cited by 40,491
Herne, H., Cooley, W. W., & Lohnes, P. R. (1973) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344428 · Cited by 35,801
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
Developing buyer-seller relationships
Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. (1987) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298705100202 · Cited by 9,139
Teece, D. J. (1986) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2 · Cited by 7,842
Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process
Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., & Coleman, H. J. (1978) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257544 · Cited by 7,487
Teece, D. J. (1993) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(93)90063-n · Cited by 7,243
Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method.
Babbie, E. R., & Dillman, D. A. (1982) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068433 · Cited by 6,859
Cluster Analysis for Applications
(1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-06161-0 · Cited by 5,112
Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method.
Osmond, M. W., & Dillman, D. A. (1979) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2577403 · Cited by 5,023
Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process
Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., & Coleman, H. J. (1978) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1978.4305755 · Cited by 4,527
Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues
Kim, J.-O., & Mueller, C. W. (1978) · Cited by 2,778
Strategy formulation : analytical concepts
Hofer, C. W., & Schendel, D. E. (1978) · Cited by 2,527
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research
Harrison, R., Brush, C. G., Davidsson, P., Fiet, J. O., Greene, P. G., Lerner, M., Mason, C., Meyer, G. D., & Sohl, J. (2004) · Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) · Cited by 2,492
Rummel, R. J. (1970) · Cited by 2,458
Murtagh, F. D., & Heck, A. (1987) · Astrophysics and space science library · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3789-5 · Cited by 2,072
Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255955 · Cited by 1,415
Dess, G. G., & Davis, P. S. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256040 · Cited by 1,407
Miller, D. (1988) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256549 · Cited by 1,186
Some Tests of the Effectiveness and Functional Attributes of Miles and Snow's Strategic Types.
Hambrick, D. C. (1983) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256132 · Cited by 1,180
Configurations of strategy and structure: Towards a synthesis
Miller, D. (1986) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250070305 · Cited by 1,159
Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process
Dubini, P., & Aldrich, H. E. (1991) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(91)90021-5 · Cited by 1,050
Beaty, R. T. (1993) · Manufacturing Engineer · doi:10.1049/me:19930081 · Cited by 936
Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions
Cohen, A. P., & Boissevain, J. (1977) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800815 · Cited by 931
Vesper, K. H. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 917
Industrial technological development : a network approach
Håkansson, H. (1987) · Croom Helm eBooks · Cited by 750
High Profit Strategies in Mature Capital Goods Industries: A Contingency Approach.
Hambrick, D. C. (1983) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255916 · Cited by 728
Construct Measurement in Organizational Strategy Research: A Critique and Proposal
Venkatraman, N. V., & Grant, J. H. (1986) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1986.4282628 · Cited by 657
A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size
Birley, S., & Westhead, P. (1994) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90024-8 · Cited by 598
Self-citationImpact of entrepreneurial and management experience on early performance
Stuart, R. W., & Abetti, P. A. (1990) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(90)90029-s · Cited by 593
New venture strategic posture, structure, and performance: An industry life cycle analysis
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1990) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(90)90004-d · Cited by 535
An empirical analysis of strategy types
Galbraith, C. S., & Schendel, D. E. (1983) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250040206 · Cited by 526
Industrial technological development: A network approach
Easton, G. (1987) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/0167-8116(87)90006-1 · Cited by 446
Networking and growth of young technology-intensive ventures in China
Zhao, L., & Aram, J. D. (1995) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(95)00039-b · Cited by 422
Women on the verge of a breakthrough:networking among entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy
Aldrich, H. E., Reese, P. R., & Dubini, P. (1989) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985628900000029 · Cited by 409
Kim, L., & Lim, Y. (1988) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256339 · Cited by 375
Collective Climate: Agreement as a Basis for Defining Aggregate Climates in Organizations.
Joyce, W. F., & Slocum, J. W. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255875 · Cited by 348
Govindarajan, V. (1989) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250100305 · Cited by 265
Contingency Linkages Between Strategy and General Manager Characteristics: A Conceptual Examination
Gupta, A. K. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258281 · Cited by 264
Entrepreneurial Research: Old Questions, New Answers and Methodological Issues
Cooper, A. C., & Dunkelberg, W. C. (1987) · American Journal of Small Business · doi:10.1177/104225878701100301 · Cited by 248
Effects of strategy and environment on corporate venture success in industrial markets
Tsai, W. M.-H., MacMillan, I. C., & Low, M. B. (1991) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(91)90003-v · Cited by 242
ENVIRONMENT GENERIC STRATEGIES, AND PERFORMANCE IN RAPIDLY DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A TAXONOMIC.
Kim, L. Y., & Lim, Y.-M. (1988) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256339 · Cited by 241
Lehmann, D. R. (1979) · Cited by 215
Managing Word of Mouth Communications
Haywood, K. M. (1989) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/eum0000000002486 · Cited by 209
Word-of-Mouth Processes in the Diffusion of a Major Technological Innovation
Czepiel, J. A. (1974) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377401100208 · Cited by 206
New Venture Performance: The Role of Strategy and Industry Structure
Sandberg, W. R. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 201
Improving New Venture Performance: Some Guidelines for Success
Hofer, C. W., & Sandberg, W. R. (1987) · American Journal of Small Business · doi:10.1177/104225878701200101 · Cited by 191
Environmental Scanning Practices in Small Business
Smeltzer, L. R., Fann, G. L., & Nikolaisen, V. N. (1988) · Journal of Small Business Management · Cited by 187
Matching Managers to Strategies: A Review and Suggested Framework
Szilagyi, A. D., & Schweiger, D. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258486 · Cited by 185
Research at the Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface
Hills, G. E. (2004) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/13552550410521434 · Cited by 182
Hansen, R. A., & Lehmann, D. R. (1980) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151133 · Cited by 155
Profitable Small Business Strategies under Different Types of Competition
Chaganti, R., Chaganti, R., & Mahajan, V. (1989) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/104225878901300304 · Cited by 129
Economies of Overview — Guiding the External Growth of Small Firms
Johannisson, B. (1990) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/026624269000900104 · Cited by 109
Environments for New Firm Formation in Great Britain
Moyes, A., & Westhead, P. (1990) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343409012331345844 · Cited by 72
Birley, S. (1984) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1984.4978208 · Cited by 67
Self-citationAchieving Empirical Progress in an Undefined Field
VanderWerf, P. A., & Brush, C. G. (1990) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/104225879001400205 · Cited by 63
Matching managers to strategies: Point and counterpoint
Gupta, A. K. (1986) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.3930250205 · Cited by 57
The firm's external persons: Entrepreneurs or network actors?
Falemo, B. (1989) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985628900000015 · Cited by 55
An Analysis of New Product Ideas in Small Business
Peterson, R. T. (1988) · Journal of Small Business Management · Cited by 35
Environments for business deregistrations in the United Kingdom, 1987–1990
Westhead, P., & Birley, S. (1994) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985629400000003 · Cited by 35
Self-citationGrowth Strategies for Small Firms: Principles and Case Studies
Perry, C. (1987) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/026624268600500202 · Cited by 34
An analysis of strategy, entry barriers, and origin as factors explaining new venture performance
McDougall, P. P. (1987) · UMI Dissertation Information Service eBooks · Cited by 27
Voluntary Collaboration vs. “Disloyalty” to Suppliers
Farmer, D., & MacMillan, K. (1976) · Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management · doi:10.1111/j.1745-493x.1976.tb00372.x · Cited by 23
Social networks and entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland
Birley, S. (1988) · CERES (Cranfield University) · Cited by 22
Self-citationNew venture competitive strategies and their relation to growth
Ostgaard, T. A., & Birley, S. (1995) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985629500000008 · Cited by 21
Self-citationThe Go-Between: Brokers' Roles in Entrepreneurial Networks
Aldrich, H. E., Reese, P. R., & Dubini, P. (1991) · Frontiers of entrepreneurship research · Cited by 16
Supplier Management and Technological Development
(2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315724935-11 · Cited by 15
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Aldrich, 1991, The Generic Entrepreneur? Insights From a Multinational Research Project, The Babson Entrepreneurship Research Conference
- Arndt, 1968, Selective processes in word of mouth, Journal of Advertising Research, 19
- Birley, 1990, Developing Linkages Between High Technology Firms in Europe, 20th Anniversary European Small Business Seminar
- Hakim, 1989, Identifying fast growth firms, Employment Gazette, 29
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568 · Cited by 10,159
Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: a study on technology‐based ventures
Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.181 · Cited by 2,018
Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence
Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D., & Neely, A. (2004) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00101.x · Cited by 1,747
The evolution of firm networks: from emergence to early growth of the firm
Hite, J. M., & Hesterly, W. (2001) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.156 · Cited by 1,542
The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises
Man, T. W. Y., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F. (2002) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(00)00058-6 · Cited by 1,630
Metadata
- Authors
- Ostgaard, T. A., & Birley, S.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Birley, Sue
- Venue
- Journal of Business Venturing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-07
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 281-305
- ISSN
- 0883-9026 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076333450
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Business Venturing (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
- Keywords
- entrepreneurial networks, owner-managers, competitive strategy, startups, small business, network density, network intensity, marketing differentiation, product innovation, market segmentation, distribution, vertical differentiation, social network theory, resource-based view, corporate development, consumer attention, market orientation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review