Long-term opioid therapy: Assessment of consequences and risks
Open accessAbstract
Medical practice with respect to the use of opioids for the treatment of pain has been heavily influenced by societal perceptions of problems of addiction and by laws governing the use of opioids. To effectively use opioids for the treatment of chronic pain, physicians must recognize pervasive, but clinically often irrelevant societal and legal influences on prescribing, while at the same time respecting opioid properties which may lead to unwanted consequences in the course of opioid therapy. This paper reviews history and legislation that has shaped medical prescribing of opioids, examines the potential risks and consequences of long-term opioid therapy and assesses three models of long-term opioid therapy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ACT group was at higher risk of persistent pain, pain-related disability, depression, and long-term, high-dose opioid use.
“Thus, the ACT group was at higher risk of persistent pain, pain-related disability, depression, and long-term, high-dose opioid use.6,13,41”
Cites
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug dependence
Koob, G. F., & Bloom, F. E. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2903550 · Cited by 2,070 · see citing works
[Drug addiction and drug abuse].
Feuerlein, W. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program
Regier, D. A. (1984) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790210016003 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Opioid analgesics and antagonists
Reisine, T. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics
(1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198001103020221 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Undertreatment of Medical Inpatients with Narcotic Analgesics
MARKS, R. M., & SACHAR, E. J. (1973) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-173 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Ball, J. C., & Ross, A. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9089-3 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Pain and Behavioral Medicine: A Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
Turk, D., Meichenbaum, D. H., Genest, M., & Berntzen, D. (1984) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506078409455719 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Santé et Médecine en Afrique Tropicale
MuiQuy, B. (1981) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.5.tm0300051146a · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook
Lowinson, J. H. (1992) · Cited by 910 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcome
Ball, J. C., & Ross, A. O. (1991) · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook
Krueger, A. L. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500040103051 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control
Duffy, J. C., & Musto, D. F. (1973) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1854220 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control
Musto, D. F. (1999) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195125092.001.0001 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Opioid pseudoaddiction — an iatrogenic syndrome
Weissman, D. E., & Haddox, J. D. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90097-3 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
The Natural History of Alcoholism
Taylor, J. R., & Helzer, J. E. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4274-8_2 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Brecher, E. M. (1972) · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Acute Pain Management: Operative or Medical Procedures and Trauma
Follin, S. L., & Charland, S. L. (1997) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/106002809703100917 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Sternbach, R. A. (1986) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Long-term oral opioid therapy in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain
Zenz, M. W., Strumpf, M., & Tryba, M. (1992) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(92)90116-y · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Management of pain during debridement: a survey of U.S. burn units
Perry, S. W., & Heidrich, G. (1982) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(82)90016-1 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Acute pain management: operative or medical procedures and trauma.
Ka, P. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 326 · see citing works
The multidimensional nature of cancer-related pain
Ahles, T. A., Blanchard, E. B., & Ruckdeschel, J. C. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90100-8 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
DOLE, V. P. (1966) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1966.00290160004002 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Patterns of illness behaviour in patients with intractable pain
Pilowsky, I., & Spence, N. D. (1975) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(75)90026-4 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Controversies in the long-term management of analgesic therapy in patients with advanced cancer
Portenoy, R. K., & Coyle, N. (1990) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(90)90047-n · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals
Kreek, M. J. (1973) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03220060039009 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The role of psychological factors in chronic pain. I. A half century of study
Gamsa, A. (1994) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90103-1 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Morgan, J. P. (1985) · Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j251v05n01_11 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Cold-pressor pain tolerance in opiate and cocaine abusers: Correlates of drug type and use status
Compton, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(94)90203-8 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Alcoholism : origins and outcome
Rose, R. M., & Barrett, J. E. (1988) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Morse, R. M. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490080086030 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
LONG‐TERM OUTCOME OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH METHADONE MAINTENANCE*
Dole, V. P., & Joseph, H. (1978) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb16775.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Donovan, D. M. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500050064013 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Opioid use in the treatment of chronic pain: Assessment of addiction
Sees, K. L., & Clark, H. W. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90154-n · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Long-term use of opioid analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain of nonmalignant origin
Schofferman, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90156-p · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Rapoport, A. M. (1988) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1988.hed2810662.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Clinical experience with diamorphine in advanced malignant disease.
Rg, T. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The role of psychological factors in chronic pain. II. A critical appraisal
Gamsa, A. (1994) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90104-x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Treatment Principles for the Use of Opioids in Pain of Nonmalignant Origin
Schug, S. A., Merry, A., & Acland, R. H. (1991) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199142020-00005 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Addiction in the treatment of pain: Significance, recognition, and management
Savage, S. R. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90155-o · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationChin, M. L. (1993) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-199303000-00083 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-administration of morphine in bone marrow transplant patients reduces drug requirement
Hill, H. F., Chapman, R. C., Kornell, J. A., Sullivan, K. M., Saeger, L. C., & Benedetti, C. (1990) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(90)90062-i · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance and Dependence
Collin, E., & Cesselin, F. (1991) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/00002826-199112000-00001 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The effects of detoxification, relaxation, and brief supportive therapy on chronic pain
Taylor, C. B., Zlutnick, S. I., Corley, M. J., & Flora, J. A. (1980) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(80)90077-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
EXPERIENCE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS MEDICALLY ADDICTED TO NARCOTICS
Rayport, M. (1954) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1954.02950070012004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Magnitude of Acute Tolerance to Opioids Is Not Related to Their Potency
Kissin, I., Brown, P. T., & Bradley, E. L. (1991) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199111000-00013 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Finlayson, R. E., Maruta, T., Morse, R. M., Swenson, W. M., & Martin, M. A. (1986) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90072-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ra, B., & Taub, A. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Animal models of drug self-administration
(1992) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90553-r · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Substance dependence and chronic pain: Experience with treatment and follow-up results
Finlayson, R. E., Maruta, T., Morse, R. M., & Martin, M. A. (1986) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90073-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The refractory headache patient—II. High medication consumption (analgesic rebound) headache
Michultka, D. M., Blanchard, E. B., Appelbaum, K. A., Jaccard, J. J., & Dentinger, M. P. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90012-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Prescription of opioids for treatment of pain in patients with addictive disease
Wesson, D. R., Ling, W. W., & Smith, D. E. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90157-q · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Patient-controlled analgesic infusions: alfentanil versus morphine
Hill, H. F., Coda, B. A., Mackie, A. M., & Iverson, K. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90235-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Chronic pain and substance abuse: A pilot study of opioid maintenance
Kennedy, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(90)90046-s · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prescription drug abuse. Patient, physician, and cultural responsibilities.
Wesson, D. R., & Smith, D. E. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Opioids, chronic pain, and the law
Clark, H. W., & Sees, K. L. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90158-r · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Alcohol use by heroin addicts 12 years after drug abuse treatment.
Lehman, W. E. K., Barrett, M. E., & Simpson, D. D. (1990) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1990.51.233 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Assessment and Relief of Pain in Chemically Dependent Patients
McCaffery, M., & Vourakis, C. (1992) · Orthopaedic Nursing · doi:10.1097/00006416-199203000-00004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Glass, R. M. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500150107038 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alcoholism: Origins and Outcomes
Tarter, R. E. (1989) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1989.50.278 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Knowledge of medical students, residents, and attending physicians about opiate abuse
Shine, D., & Demas, P. (1984) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-198406000-00007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The spinal pharmacology of acutely and chronically administered opioids
Yaksh, T. L. (1992) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(92)90089-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of Cancer Pain
Cherny, N. I., & Portenoy, R. K. (1993) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-1993-3205 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain
Ballantyne, J. C., & Mao, J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra025411 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain: Controversies, current status, and future directions.
Rosenblum, A., Marsch, L. A., Joseph, H., & Portenoy, R. K. (2008) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0013628 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Rosenblum, A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.18.2370 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Universal Precautions in Pain Medicine: A Rational Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Gourlay, D. L., Heit, H. A., & Al-Mahrezi, A. M. (2005) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05031.x · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Trends in long‐term opioid therapy for chronic non‐cancer pain
Boudreau, D. M., Korff, M. V., Rutter, C. M., Saunders, K. W., Ray, G. T., Sullivan, M. D., Campbell, C. I., Merrill, J. O., Silverberg, M. J., Banta‐Green, C. J., et al. (2009) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1833 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Zacny, J. P., Bigelow, G. E., Compton, P. A., Foley, K. M., Iguchi, M. Y., & Sannerud, C. A. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00003-6 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Critical issues on opioids in chronic non-cancer pain:
Eriksen, J., Sjøgren, P., Bruera, E. D., Ekholm, O., & Rasmussen, N. K. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.009 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: A literature review
Højsted, J., & Sjøgren, P. (2007) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.08.004 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Office visits and analgesic prescriptions for musculoskeletal pain in US: 1980 vs. 2000
Caudill-Slosberg, M., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.006 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Predicting aberrant drug behavior in patients treated for chronic pain: importance of abuse history
Michna, E., Ross, E. L., Hynes, W. L., Nedeljković, S. S., Soumekh, S. F., Janfaza, D. R., Palombi, D., & Jamison, R. N. (2004) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.04.007 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Efficacy of Opioids for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Evidence
Ballantyne, J., & Shin, N. S. (2008) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31816b2f26 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Epidemiology of chronic non-malignant pain in Denmark
Eriksen, J., Jensen, M. K., Sjøgren, P., Ekholm, O., & Rasmussen, N. K. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00225-2 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Mutual Mistrust in the Medical Care of Drug Users. The Keys to the "Narc" Cabinet
Merrill, J. O., Rhodes, L. A., Deyo, R. A., Marlatt, G. A., & Bradley, K. A. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10625.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Opioid Guidelines in the Management of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain
Manchikanti, L. (2006) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2006/9/2 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Substance Use Disorders in a Primary Care Sample Receiving Daily Opioid Therapy
Fleming, M. F., Balousek, S. L., Klessig, C. L., Mundt, M. P., & Brown, D. D. (2007) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.02.432 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Screening for Addiction in Patients with Chronic Pain and “Problematic” Substance Use
Compton, P. A., Darakjian, J., & Miotto, K. A. (1998) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00110-9 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Opioid Prescriptions by U.S. Primary Care Physicians From 1992 to 2001
Olsen, Y. K., Daumit, G. L., & Ford, D. E. (2006) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.11.006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Adams, L. L., Gatchel, R. J., Robinson, R. C., Polatin, P. B., Gajraj, N. M., Deschner, M., & Noe, C. E. (2004) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.10.009 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Klaman, S. L., Isaacs, K. R., Leopold, A., Perpich, J., Hayashi, S., Vender, J., Campopiano, M., & Jones, H. E. (2017) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000308 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Urine drug testing in pain medicine
Heit, H. A., & Gourlay, D. L. (2004) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.07.008 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Psychological factors as predictors of opioid abuse and illicit drug use in chronic pain patients
Manchikanti, L., Giordano, J., Boswell, M. V., Fellows, B., Manchukonda, R., & Pampati, V. (2007) · Journal of Opioid Management · doi:10.5055/jom.2007.0045 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Sjøgren, P., Thomsen, A. B., & Olsen, A. K. (2000) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00143-8 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Maier, C., Hildebrandt, J., Klinger, R., Henrich-Eberl, C., & Lindena, G. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00020-9 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Jensen, M. K., Thomsen, A. B., & Højsted, J. (2005) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Underutilisation of Opioids in Elderly Patients with Chronic Pain
Auret, K. A., & Schug, S. A. (2005) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200522080-00002 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Hurley, R. W., & Wu, C. L. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06959-8.00087-x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Mutual mistrust in the medical care of drug users
Merrill, J. O., Rhodes, L. A., Deyo, R. A., Marlatt, G. A., & Bradley, K. A. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-002-0034-5 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Opioid Substitution to Improve the Effectiveness of Chronic Noncancer Pain Control: A Chart Review
Quang‐Cantagrel, N. D., Wallace, M. S., & Magnuson, S. K. (2000) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200004000-00029 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Saha, S. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008103430615 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A Clinical Evaluation of Transdermal Therapeutic System Fentanyl for the Treatment of Cancer Pain
Sloan, P. A., Moulin, D. E., & Hays, H. (1998) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00044-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Treadmill exercise reduces self-administration of morphine in male rats
Hosseini, M., Alaei, H. A., Naderi, A., Sharifi, M. R., & Zahed, R. (2009) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.11.001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
New Insights in Understanding and Treating Bone Fracture Pain
Mitchell, S. A. T., Majuta, L. A., & Mantyh, P. W. (2018) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-018-0446-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sheu, R. G., Lussier, D., Rosenblum, A., Fong, C., Portenoy, J., Joseph, H., & Portenoy, R. K. (2008) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00420.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Abid Azam, M., Weinrib, A. Z., Montbriand, J., Burns, L. C., McMillan, K., Clarke, H., & Katz, J. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2017.1325317 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Thus, the ACT group was at higher risk of persistent pain, pain-related disability, depression, and long-term, high-dose opioid use.(6,13,41) However, by the last TPS visit, daily opioid consumption did not differ significantly between the groups, suggesting that the ACT group was able to”
BackgroundShared Mechanisms for Opioid Tolerance and a Transition to Chronic Pain
Joseph, E. K., Reichling, D. B., & Levine, J. D. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5530-09.2010 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Opioid Substitution to Improve the Effectiveness of Chronic Noncancer Pain Control: A Chart Review
Quang‐Cantagrel, N. D., Wallace, M. S., & Magnuson, S. K. (2000) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-200004000-00029 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
What are the qualities of dilemmas experienced when prescribing opioids in general practice?
Bendtsen, P., Hensing, G. K. E., Ebeling, C., & Schedin, A. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00036-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Chronic opioid therapy for non-cancer pain
Collett, B.-J. (2001) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/87.1.133 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
OPIOID USE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN
Savage, S. R. (1999) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70133-4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of long-term use of opioids on quality of life in patients with chronic, non-malignant pain
Devulder, J., Richarz, U., & Nataraja, S. H. (2005) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079905x65321 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pain and Addiction: Managing Risk Through Comprehensive Care
Gourlay, D. L., & Heit, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550880802122570 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain: A Retrospective Study
Anderson, V. C., Cooke, B., & Burchiel, K. J. (2001) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01052.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chronic Pain Following Treatment for Cancer: The Role of Opioids
Ballantyne, J. C. (2003) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.8-6-567 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Keller, C. E., Ashrafioun, L., Neumann, A. M., Klein, J. V., Fox, C. H., & Blondell, R. D. (2012) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2011.630944 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Characterizations of Long-term Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Prescriptions in Veteran Patients
Hermos, J. A., Young, M., GAGNON, D. R., & Fiore, L. D. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.21.2361 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Patterns of Opioid Analgesic Prescription Among Patients with Osteoarthritis
Dominick, K. L., Bosworth, H. B., Dudley, T. K., Waters, S. J., Campbell, L. C., & Keefe, F. J. (2004) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/j354v18n01_03 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Fleming, M., Davis, J., & Passik, S. (2008) · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00491.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Prescription Opioid Dependence Is Associated With Poorer Outcomes in Disabling Spinal Disorders
Dersh, J. J., Mayer, T. G., Gatchel, R. J., Polatin, P. B., Theodore, B. R., & Mayer, E. A. K. (2008) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e31818096d1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Psychological Correlates of Opioid Use in Patients with Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
Ciccone, D. S., Just, N., Bandilla, E. B., Reimer, E., Ilbeigi, M. S., & Wu, W.-H. (2000) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(00)00177-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Drug-Seeking Patient in the Emergency Room
Hansen, G. R. (2005) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Opioid pharmaceuticals and addiction: The issues, and research directions seeking solutions
Walwyn, W. M., Miotto, K. A., & Evans, C. J. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Incorporating Pain Management Training Into the Psychiatry Residency Curriculum
Leo, R. J. (2003) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ap.27.1.1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Opioids in chronic pain management: Is there a significant risk of addiction?
Aronoff, G. M. (2000) · Current Review of Pain · doi:10.1007/s11916-000-0044-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Majuta, L. A., Longo, G., Fealk, M. N., McCaffrey, G., & Mantyh, P. W. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.0000000000000017 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Improving Patient Treatment Adherence
Bosworth, H. B. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5866-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Gammaitoni, A. R., Galer, B. S., Lacouture, P. G., Domingos, J., & Schlagheck, T. G. (2003) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03002.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
TREATMENT PLANNING IN PAIN MEDICINE
Gallagher, R. M. (1999) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70136-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lesson of the week: Morphine induced allodynia in a child with brain tumour What is allodynia?
Heger, S., Maier, C., Otter, K., Helwig, U., Suttorp, M., & Berger, A. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7210.627 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Opioid Therapy in Chronic Pain
Ballantyne, J. C. (2015) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2014.12.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Variations in addiction: The molecular and the molar in neuroscience and pain medicine
Keane, H., & Hamill, K. (2010) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/biosoc.2009.4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Heiwel, S., Lönnquistl, I., & Källménl, H. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.03.006 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
An update on the role of opioids in the management of chronic pain of nonmalignant origin
Højsted, J., & Sjøgren, P. (2007) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e3282ef6b18 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Methadone treatment of chronic non‐malignant pain and opioid dependence — A long‐term follow‐up
Rhodin, A., Grönbladh, L., Nilsson, L. ‐., & Gordh, T. (2005) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.05.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
An understanding of bone pain: A narrative review
Oostinga, D., Steverink, J. G., van Wijck, A. J. M., & Verlaan, J. (2020) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115272 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Insula in Chronic Pain: A Theoretical Framework
Bergeron, D., Obaïd, S., Fournier‐Gosselin, M., Bouthillier, A., & Nguyen, D. K. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050639 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rational and targeted pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia
Barkhuizen, A. (2002) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(01)00011-4 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pain: Understanding and challenges for the rheumatologist
Fitzcharles, M., Al-Mahrezi, A. M., & Shir, Y. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21435 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Manchikanti, L. (2009) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2009/12/259 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The truth about pain management: the difference between a pain patient and an addicted patient
Heit, H. A. (2001) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2001.0276 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Weinrib, A., Burns, L., Mu, A., Azam, M. A., Ladak, S. S. J., McRae, K., Katznelson, R., Azargive, S., Tran, C., Katz, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s124566 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Patients with chronic pain are often prescribed long-term opioid therapy, despite its limited efficacy and growing concerns regarding the serious risks of opioid use (including side effects, dependence, and overdose mortality).(1,2) Patients living with persistent pain and taking long-term opioids may require ever-inc…”
Chronic Pain and Addiction: Challenging Co-occurring Disorders
Pohl, M., & Smith, L. (2012) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.684621 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Barry, D. T., Bernard, M. J., Beitel, M., Moore, B. A., Kerns, R. D., & Schottenfeld, R. S. (2008) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31815ec240 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Characteristics of Pain Patients With Opioid-Use Disorder
Haller, D. L., & Acosta, M. C. (2010) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(10)70693-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jung, B. F., & Reidenberg, M. M. (2005) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.10.013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gallagher, R. M. (2005) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000154910.01200.0b · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rozen, D., & Grass, G. W. (2005) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2005.05104.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Opioid misuse in oncology pain patients
Ballantyne, J. C. (2007) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-007-0204-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Prescription Pain Medication Dependence
Dodrill, C. L., Helmer, D. A., & Kosten, T. R. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10020260 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A pilot study into the problematic use of opioid analgesics in chronic non-cancer pain patients
Cowan, D. T., Allan, L. G., & Griffiths, P. (2002) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7489(01)00003-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Watson, C. P. N., Watt‐Watson, J., & Chipman, M. L. (2010) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2010/867201 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The role of tramadol ER in the treatment of chronic pain
Rosenberg, M. T. (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02161.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Svenson, J. E., & Meyer, T. D. (2007) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2006.09.018 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Management of Chronic Pain in the Acute Care Setting
Hansen, G. R. (2005) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Verloo, H., Mpinga, E. K., Ferreira, M. R., Rapin, C., & Chastonay, P. (2010) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-9-15 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Opioids in chronic non‐malignant pain
Eriksen, J. (2001) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2001.0241 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Højsted, J., Nielsen, P. R., Eriksen, J., Hansen, O. B., & Sjøgren, P. (2006) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01154.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gilron, I., & Bailey, J. M. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03020185 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diagnosing opioid addiction in people with chronic pain
Gorfinkel, L., Voon, P., Wood, E., & Klimas, J. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k3949 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hermos, J. A., Young, M., Lawler, E. V., Rosenbloom, D., & Fiore, L. D. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20254 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Evaluating and treating co-morbid pain and depression
Verma, S., & Gallagher, R. M. (2000) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260050007426 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Best Practices and Innovations for Managing Codeine Misuse and Dependence
Norman, I. J., Bergin, M., Parry, C. D. H., & Hout, M. C. V. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.18433/j3t89k · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Le, T. T., Park, S., Choi, M. E., Wijesinha, M. A., Khokhar, B., & Simoni, J. M. (2020) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000483 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bétourné, A., Familiades, J., Lacassagne, L., Halley, H., Cazalès, M., Ducommun, B., Lassalle, J. M., Zajac, J., & Francès, B. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.045 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Induzieren Opioide Hyperalgesie?
Zöllner, C. (2010) · Der Anaesthesist · doi:10.1007/s00101-010-1803-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Morphine administration and abrupt cessation alter the behavioral diurnal activity pattern
Glaser, A. M., Reyes-Vázquez, C., Prieto-Gómez, B., Burau, K. D., & Dafny, N. (2012) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.02.015 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Adam, F., Bonnet, F. J., & Bars, D. L. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.03.018 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Antinociceptive Activity of Asiaticoside in Mouse Models of Induced Nociception
Ayumi, R. R., Mossadeq, W. M. S., Zakaria, Z. A., Taher, M., Kamarudin, N., Hisamuddin, N., Talib, M., & Sabar, A. M. (2020) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/a-1144-3663 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sign-reversal during Persistent Activation in μ -Opioid Signal Transduction
Slot, L. A. B., Pauwels, P. J., & Colpaert, F. C. (2002) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2509 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Postoperative Pain and Other Acute Pain Syndromes
Hanna, M. N., Ouanes, J.-P. P., & Tomas, V. G. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00018-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gourlay, D. L. (2005) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2005/512653 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Savage, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Savage, Seddon R.
- ORCID
- Savage, Seddon R.
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 274-286
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059291642
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Keywords
- long-term opioid therapy, chronic pain, opioid prescribing, opioid use disorder, opioid risks
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders, Risk Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
