The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Matters of mind: Mindfulness/mindlessness in perspective
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“addiction may be characterized by mindlessness [20], i.e., habitual or stereotyped responses that may be executed automatically without conscious volition or strategic regard for distal consequences.”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
Ambrose, A., Wittgenstein, L., & Anscombe, G. E. M. (1954) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2103745 · Cited by 12,289
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery
Ulrich, R. S. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6143402 · Cited by 5,341
Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1972) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3 · Cited by 4,996
Langer, E. J. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311 · Cited by 3,909
Self-citationControlled and automatic human information processing: I
Schneider, W. E., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Cited by 2,228
Psychological status of the script concept.
Abelson, R. P. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.7.715 · Cited by 1,743
Salience, Attention, and Attribution: Top of the Head Phenomena
Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60009-x · Cited by 1,329
Activism and Powerful Others: Distinctions within the Concept of Internal-External Control
Levenson, H. (1974) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988 · Cited by 1,193
Diener, C. I., & Dweck, C. S. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.5.451 · Cited by 1,186
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bennet, 1977, Hemispheric laterality and status of the aged, Psychiatric Research Reports, 23, 207
- Birren, 1968, Increment and decrement in the intellectual status of the aged, Psychiatric Research Reports, 23, 207
- Cummins, 1976, Synaptic changes in differentially reared mice, Australian Psychologist, 2, 229
- Langer, 1984, The relationship between cognitive deprivation and longevity in senile and non-senile elderly populations, Academic Psychology Bulletin, 6, 211
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–443 of 443
الكفاءة المعرفية وعلاقتها باليقظة الذهنية لدى المعلمين
Raziq, F. H. (2022) · Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities · doi:10.25130/jtuh.29.7.2.2022.23
اليقظة الذهنية وعلاقتها بالتفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة جامعة الكتاب
Raziq, F. H., & Ghadab, W. K. (2022) · Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities · doi:10.25130/jtuh.29.1.2.2022.17
Machado, M., Coelho, F., Cunha, M. P. E., & Oldham, G. R. (2023) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8485-3_15 · Cited by 1
Spitzer, N. (2023) · Psychotherapie: Praxis · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67016-3_9
Giving and Receiving Critical Feedback in Higher Education
Lamichhane, P. B. (2019) · Cognition · doi:10.3126/cognition.v2i1.55579
“People often use negative terms when they observe and describe others, where as they use positive terms to describe themselves (Langer, 1992).”
Backgroundالیقظة العقلیة وعلاقتها بالتوجه نحو المستقبل لدی عینة من طالبات الجامعة
منصور, د. إ. م. س. (2023) · مجلة تطوير الأداء الجامعى · doi:10.21608/jpud.2023.173604.1116
Kołodziej, S., Łoboda, J., Święcka, A., Sirko, W., & Białek, M. (2018) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.24425/119486
“Referring to automatic behaviors, taken ritually and habitually, Langer (1992) introduced the term mindlessness.”
BackgroundHamad, R. S. A. D., & Al-Soud, R. S. (2023) · Jordanian Educational Journal · doi:10.46515/jaes.v8i4.449
“ةاايداعلا راايغو ةداايدجلا تاراايثملل ةرااشابم ةروااصب إااابتنلاا هااجوي ااايحب ،ةاايجرا راااجنلا تحااضوأو (Langer, 1992) ااامم ،ةداايدج تااا ف دااجييو اادااحلأا مااسرل ةطاا ن ةايلمع يااه ةااينهذلا ةااظقيلا نأ امداانع االذ نام ضياا نلا ىالعو ،اادااحلأا قاياسل ةيااساسحو ،عااقاولا ىالع اااحاتفنا…”
I’m not a human: A comparison of bot and human self-presentation
Madahali, L., & Tian, J. W. (2023) · IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON) · doi:10.1109/uemcon59035.2023.10316069
“The reason behind this interaction and positive perception can be explained by the Computers As Social Actors (CASA) paradigm [43], mindlessness theory [44], and theory of anthropomorphism [45].”
Backgroundمراد, ر. ع. (2023) · مجلة کلية التربية · doi:10.21608/jfe.2023.329064
Nurturing Mindful Behaviour in Translation Students. From Learning Practices to Disposition
Marczak, M. (2023) · Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio FF – Philologiae · doi:10.17951/ff.2023.41.2.195-216
Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., & Wu, G. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4755624
Pelegrini, L. N. D. C., Monteiro, D. Q., & Rodrigues, R. A. P. (2024) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648241235498
“This questionnaire evaluates socio-cognitive mindfulness, as de fi ned by Ellen Langer (1992), and it is divided into four dimensions: engagement, novelty production, novelty search, and fl exibility.”
Cultivating mindfulness through conditional tasks in mathematics classrooms
Yi, G., Lee, J., & Hwang, J. (2024) · Educational Studies in Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10649-024-10323-7
“This awareness of multiple perspectives helps in reducing the need for previously established categories, promoting mind-openness and engagement (Langer, 1992).”
Natale, S. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190080365.002.0006
Natale, S. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190080365.002.0003
Natale, S. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190080365.002.0007
(2024) · Tourism social science series · doi:10.1108/s1571-504320240000027032
Aldbyani, A. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1003660
Issues and Challenges Affecting Human Learning
Cairns, L. G., & Malloch, M. (2024) · Lifelong learning book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68240-7_3
Sanz-Gómez, M. F., & Lamelas, J. V. C. (2024) · Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3150-7.ch002
Three Essays on Phishing Attacks, Individual Susceptibility, and Detection Accuracy
Bera, D. (2022) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1986891
المهداوي, ع. ا. م., & رداد, س. (2025) · Mağallaẗ Al-Buḥūṯ Al-Tarbawiyyaẗ wa Al-Nawʿiyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/jeor.2025.435296
Verma, A., Rawat, V. P., & Gupta, G. (2024) · ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts · doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i2.2024.6495
Mindfulness in Action: The Emergence of Distinctive Thought and Behavior
Vallacher, R. R., Jarman, M. S., & Parkin, S. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00697-4_9
Fatemi, S. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00697-4_15
Mindfulness in Tourist Experiences and Behaviors
Wang, Y. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27698-9.00020-9
Mindful Schools as High-Reliability Organizations
Smith, P. A., & Scarbrough, C. S. (2011) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-61735-446-520251003
Mindfulness in Educational Leadership
McDonald, T., & Gates, G. S. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-62396-817-520251005
Sağıroğlu, E., & Körsü, E. (2025) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1662867
The Impact of Mindfulness on Nature Connection in Nearby Nature Settings
Deringer, S. A., Hanley, A. W., Dussler, M. R., Griffin, L., Esmiol, A., & Mitten, D. S. (2025) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2025.2599359
Wang, B., Luo, L., & Liu, W. (2026) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.12.8
“…an overreliance on past categories and distinctions, with the individual being context-dependent and thus oblivious to novel aspects of a situation (Langer, 1992 ), in other words, people tend to exhibit a natural response that often occurs without deep deliberation, arising instead from…”
Do We Like AI to Show “Thinking”? Revealing the Effect of Chain-of-Thought on Human Perceptions
Gao, Z., & Sang, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2655929
Hong, J.-W., & Gratch, J. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2697315
Bodenstab-Lee, N. A., Beek, M. M. C. V., & Beauchemin, J. (2026) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2026.2710993
İPEK, Z. H., & Sezgin, F. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14090210
“…and sociocultural contexts and can reveal organizational norms and contextual influences embedded within school life (Baer, 2003; Dunne, 2020; E. J. Langer, 1992; Á. I. Langer et al., 2020; Lorentz, 2011; Lundh, 2020; Molina et al., 2023; Penley, 2018; Styers, 2019; Tonga & Tantekin Erden, 2020).”
Duong, L. H., Joo, D., & Lee, C. (2026) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2026.101150
Tippett, A. W., & Hellevik, C. C. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83742-272-220261004
Online readership popularity and media-embedded characteristics
Du, H. S., & Wagner, C. (2009) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems
Metadata
- Authors
- Langer, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Langer, Ellen J
- ORCID
- Langer, Ellen J
- Venue
- Consciousness and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 289-305
- ISSN
- 1053-8100 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058544703
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Consciousness and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- mindfulness, mindlessness, conscious awareness, automatic vs controlled processing, functional fixedness, overlearning, habit, cognitive commitment, context sensitivity, cognitive flexibility, memory, consciousness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
