Cited by 285interferon and immune responsesImmune Response and InflammationInvertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms

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Nucleic Acid Immunity

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Hartmann, G.·2017·Advances in Immunology

DOI 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.11.001PMC PMC7112058

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Abstract

Organisms throughout biology need to maintain the integrity of their genome. From bacteria to vertebrates, life has established sophisticated mechanisms to detect and eliminate foreign genetic material or to restrict its function and replication. Tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of these mechanisms which keep foreign or unwanted nucleic acids from viruses or phages in check. Mechanisms reach from restriction-modification systems and CRISPR/Cas in bacteria and archaea to RNA interference and immune sensing of nucleic acids, altogether integral parts of a system which is now appreciated as nucleic acid immunity. With inherited receptors and acquired sequence information, nucleic acid immunity comprises innate and adaptive components. Effector functions include diverse nuclease systems, intrinsic activities to directly restrict the function of foreign nucleic acids (e.g., PKR, ADAR1, IFIT1), and extrinsic pathways to alert the immune system and to elicit cytotoxic immune responses. These effects act in concert to restrict viral replication and to eliminate virus-infected cells. The principles of nucleic acid immunity are highly relevant for human disease. Besides its essential contribution to antiviral defense and restriction of endogenous retroelements, dysregulation of nucleic acid immunity can also lead to erroneous detection and response to self nucleic acids then causing sterile inflammation and autoimmunity. Even mechanisms of nucleic acid immunity which are not established in vertebrates are relevant for human disease when they are present in pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, or helminths or in pathogen-transmitting organisms such as insects. This review aims to provide an overview of the diverse mechanisms of nucleic acid immunity which mostly have been looked at separately in the past and to integrate them under the framework nucleic acid immunity as a basic principle of life, the understanding of which has great potential to advance medicine.

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Authors: Hartmann, G.
Affiliations: University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author: Hartmann, G.
ORCID: Hartmann, G.
Venue: Advances in Immunology
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2017
Volume: 133
Pages: 121-169
ISSN: 0065-2776 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.11.001
PMC: PMC7112058
OpenAlex: W2562935390
Cited by: 285
References: 257
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12
FWCI: 30.47
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Advances in immunology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
Keywords: innate immunity, adaptive immunity, restriction-modification systems, CRISPR-Cas, RNA interference, nucleic acid sensing, antiviral defense, endogenous retroelements, sterile inflammation, autoimmunity, PKR, ADAR1, IFIT1, viral replication restriction, phage defense, helminth immunity
MeSH terms: Animals, Archaea, Bacteria, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Nucleic Acids, Viruses, Retroelements, Evolution, Molecular, RNA Interference, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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