The DOI matches its Crossref record; 257 of the 257 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nucleic Acid Immunity
Open accessAbstract
Organisms throughout biology need to maintain the integrity of their genome. From bacteria to vertebrates, life has established sophisticated mechanisms to detect and eliminate foreign genetic material or to restrict its function and replication. Tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of these mechanisms which keep foreign or unwanted nucleic acids from viruses or phages in check. Mechanisms reach from restriction-modification systems and CRISPR/Cas in bacteria and archaea to RNA interference and immune sensing of nucleic acids, altogether integral parts of a system which is now appreciated as nucleic acid immunity. With inherited receptors and acquired sequence information, nucleic acid immunity comprises innate and adaptive components. Effector functions include diverse nuclease systems, intrinsic activities to directly restrict the function of foreign nucleic acids (e.g., PKR, ADAR1, IFIT1), and extrinsic pathways to alert the immune system and to elicit cytotoxic immune responses. These effects act in concert to restrict viral replication and to eliminate virus-infected cells. The principles of nucleic acid immunity are highly relevant for human disease. Besides its essential contribution to antiviral defense and restriction of endogenous retroelements, dysregulation of nucleic acid immunity can also lead to erroneous detection and response to self nucleic acids then causing sterile inflammation and autoimmunity. Even mechanisms of nucleic acid immunity which are not established in vertebrates are relevant for human disease when they are present in pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, or helminths or in pathogen-transmitting organisms such as insects. This review aims to provide an overview of the diverse mechanisms of nucleic acid immunity which mostly have been looked at separately in the past and to integrate them under the framework nucleic acid immunity as a basic principle of life, the understanding of which has great potential to advance medicine.
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“The signaling cascades start with a variety of sensors, such as RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) to detect cytoplasmic dsRNA, cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) to detect cytoplasmic DNA, and TLRs (toll-like receptors) to detect a variety of nucleic acids in the endosomal compartment91.”
From The role of retrotransposable elements in ageing and age-associated diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [91]
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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
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“…for certain sequence contexts (hexamer CpG motifs, in humans 50-GTCGTT-3) which vary between species and which altogether are less frequent in eukaryotic self DNA (Hartmann & Krieg, 1999, 2000; Hartmann et al., 2000; Hartmann, Weiner, & Krieg, 1999; Hemmi et al., 2000; Krieg et al., 1995).”
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CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes
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CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
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RIG-I-like receptors: their regulation and roles in RNA sensing
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A facile method for the removal of dsRNA contaminant from in vitro-transcribed mRNA
Baiersdörfer, M., Boros, G., Muramatsu, H., Mahiny, A., Vlatkovic, I., Sahin, U., & Karikó, K. (2019) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.018 · Cited by 569
The role of retrotransposable elements in ageing and age-associated diseases
Gorbunova, V., Seluanov, A., Mita, P., McKerrow, W., Fenyö, D., Boeke, J. D., Linker, S. B., Gage, F. H., Kreiling, J. A., Petrashen, A. P., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03542-y · Cited by 446
Metadata
- Authors
- Hartmann, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hartmann, G.
- ORCID
- Hartmann, G.
- Venue
- Advances in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 133
- Pages
- 121-169
- ISSN
- 0065-2776 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7112058
- OpenAlex
- W2562935390
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 257
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 30.47
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Advances in immunology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adaptive immunity, restriction-modification systems, CRISPR-Cas, RNA interference, nucleic acid sensing, antiviral defense, endogenous retroelements, sterile inflammation, autoimmunity, PKR, ADAR1, IFIT1, viral replication restriction, phage defense, helminth immunity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Archaea, Bacteria, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Nucleic Acids, Viruses, Retroelements, Evolution, Molecular, RNA Interference, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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